Ust Theses Abstract 2007-2008

7/27/2019 Ust Theses Abstract 2007-2008

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Abstracts of Dissertations andTheses Accepted at the USTGraduate School, 2007-2008

o the rea er:Te abstracts which ollow are arranged according to the alphabetical order o authors’

amily names. o acilitate locating abstracts by discipline and author an index (see pp. 631 .)is provided with page indications. Te abstracts were prepared by the authors themselves.

Name: AlAizA H. AldAy Course: MBA Date of Defense: Ma 29, 2008Title: Meas r g the E c e c o Se ecte Capt ve O shore Compa es the

Ph pp es: dEA Regress o ApproachIn the course o sti global market competition, multinational companies are giving

more attention to the core products and services o their businesses that led to the overseastrans er o business processes such as I and I -enabled services. Tis overseas migration o

jobs, especially in the region o Asia, with the help o technology is coined as “o shoring.” A lot o studies as regards o shoring have been presented by many scholars: economice ects, cost advantages, knowledge and technology trans er, and intellectual property rightsconcerns are among those topics that put highlight on the phenomenon. However, very ew covered the issue o e ciency.

Tis study concentrated on the e ciency o the selected 9 captive o shore companiesin the Philippines rom 2002 up to 2006 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Regressionanalysis was per ormed to evaluate whether constant returns to scale (CRS) or variable returnsto scale (VRS) is the proper assumption or the method. Finally, sensitivity analysis was thenadopted to validate DEA results.

Results reveal that 7 companies are e cient and 2 are not — one was or the

reason o ine cient management (technical ine ciency) and the other was because o disadvantageous conditions (scale ine ciency). In addition, non-controllable variables usedin this study, namely: location, age and asset, do not a ect VRS technical e ciencies o these companies; thus, CRS assumption is the appropriate. Peer evaluation and predictionthrough improvement and reduction (both in percentage) were utilized in validating DEA results. Findings on the peer evaluation o the 7 e cient rms disclose that 4 are peers tothose that are ine cient, while the 3 went otherwise. For the prediction results, 2 ine cientrms need to increase the service income (ine cient management), and decrease MOOE(disadvantageous conditions), respectively to attain e ciency; there ore, validating DEA results.



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Name: CORnEliA A. AquinOCourse: Ph.d. C ca Ps cho og Date of Defense: J e 25, 2008

Title: E ect o Re axat o ech es o i ce Stress leve s thro gh Cort so Assa oday, more than ever, the increasing number o people who are always anxious

and in stress ul situations causing them to break down and su er more serious, i not atalconsequences, has challenged mental health practitioners and counselors to come up with ordevelop new interventions or therapeutic techniques to assess as well as con ront problematicsituations. Te goal is not only or treatment but also or the enhancement o the coping skills o the individuals thus, making them resistant to stressors.

Primarily, this experimental study essayed to determine the e ects o Relaxationechniques on induced stress levels through Cortisol Assay and psychological appraisalusing Stress and Adaptation Level est (SAL ) and Sel Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ)o 27 graduating Psychology students in Letran–Calamba. Te Solomon Four–Groupdesign was adopted which involved our groups; Groups 1 and 2 were administeredpretests and posttests, Groups 3 and 4 were administered posttests only, Groups 1 and 3have interventions (Relaxation echniques), and Groups 2 and 4 have no interventions. Allparticipants were subjected to a psychosocial stress test. Psychosocial Stress est (PSS ) isa procedure where participants are asked to take part in a simulated job interview or veminutes ollowed by a mental arithmetic task in ront o a committee o ve people. Fivesessions o the intervention were conducted or a period o one month. Non–parametricstatistical tools such as Mann–Whitney U est, Wilcoxon Signed–Rank test, and Friedmanwo–Way ANOVA were utilized to determine signi cant di erences between pretest andposttest scores o Groups 1 and 2, among posttest scores o all groups, between pretest scoreso Group 1 vs Group 2, and i the pretesting o the participants signi cantly infuenced theresult o the posttest.

Signi cant di erences were ound in the pretest–posttest scores o the Group 1participants as measured by SAL and SEQ–S and but no signi cant di erences weredetermined between pretest scores o Group 1 vs Group 2 in all measures o induced stresslevels; serum cortisol, SAL, and SEQ-S and . On the other hand, a signi cant di erence

was observed among posttest scores o all participants in serum cortisol measure. Tepretesting o the rst two groups o participants signi cantly infuenced their posttest scoresin serum cortisol measure.

It can be concluded that Relaxation echniques (R ) caused stress reduction orgroup 1 participants. R created an e ective change or this group. Te amount o serumcortisol secreted, commonly considered as the physiological measure o stress, revealed thatall participants in the our groups were stressed by the PSS. It appears then, that the PSSis e ective in inducing stress in laboratory settings. Relaxation echnique is suggested to besigni cantly e ective in reducing stress when measured by the two psychological tests, SALand SEQ-S and but needs urther investigation when the cortisol level is determined. Tus,Cortisol Assay is recommended to measure stress levels to have a complete perception o the internal or physiological condition o the person. Tis is to protect the immune systemand to prevent occurrence o more serious disorders.Keywords : Re axat o ech e, i ce Stress eve s, Cort so Assa , Ps chosoc a

Stress est, So omo Fo r Gro p es g



ABS RAC S OF diSSERA iOnS And HESES…

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Name: AMOR MiA ARAndiA Course: MA Ps cho og Date of Defense: J e 20, 2008

Title: Soc o emograph c Pro e, Cog t ve Process g, Emot o Reg at o a Perso a t ra ts as Pre ctors o Posttra mat c Growth Amo g S rv vorso i t mate Part er Ab se

Intimate partner abuse (IPA) in women has been around or ages. As a highly distressing event, it has correlated with negative consequences like depression, lowered sel -esteem, increased levels o anxiety, eating disorders, sexual dys unction and posttraumaticstress disorder. Considering this viewpoint, it is highly understandable that most researcheson IPA has ocused on negative sequelae. However, it is also interesting to know whetherpositive psychological changes known as Posttraumatic growth (P G) also occurs in IPA survivors as a result o one’s struggle with intimate partner abuse experiences.

Utilizing a descriptive method, this study aimed to determine whether positivepsychological changes are experienced by IPA survivors as a result o their struggle withabuse. A researcher-made data sheet was used to determine the socio-demographic pro leso respondents while valid and reliable instruments were utilized in investigating othervariables in the study. est administration and interview o some survivors were conductedto validate yielded results. Purposive sampling technique was used in gathering a total o 215 respondents which have passed inclusion criteria.

Regression Analysis using a .05 level o signi cance revealed that some survivors-respondents-do experience Posttraumatic growth. Socio-demo actors o age, relationshipstatus and educational attainment are independent variables which signi cantly contributeas determinants o posttraumatic growth. Neuroticism and Conscientiousness acets among the big ve personality traits and positive cognitive restructuring is highly associated withoverall posttraumatic growth and its domains. Interestingly, overall abuse experiences andposttraumatic stress symptoms did not signi cantly contribute to the prediction o P G.

name: ROSAliE B. BAlBinCo rse: MA l brar Sc e cedate o e e se: J e 20, 2008

t e: l brar Market g i Se ecte Aca em c l brar es i Metro Ma a: A Bas sFor A Strateg c Market g P a For St. J e Co ege l brar , Ma a

In an age o complex higher education environment and rapid technologicaladvancements, the need to market the library e ectively has become essential. Academiclibraries may have enjoyed the monopoly in providing in ormation resources and services tostudents and aculty in the past, but today, users have a variety o options available to meettheir needs instantaneously. With changing user expectations, academic libraries must movebeyond the traditional service model to remain viable and be able to unction competitively in this environment in order to survive and grow (Adams and Cassner, 2000). Te use o marketing techniques to identi y appropriate products (services, programs and materials)and to evaluate the e ectiveness o these services assures that library services o ered will be

wanted and valued by the clients (Bushing, 1995).One o the management tools that is now being used by academic libraries is strategic

planning. A strategic plan provides a structure in analyzing current and uture opportunitiesand challenges an organization aces. It anticipates problems, creates a library – wide awareness



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and ensures that everyone in the organization is working towards achieving a common goal.Strategic planning ocuses on the broad issues o an organization, allowing libraries to beable to anticipate and respond to environmental changes in a timely manner.

Using descriptive survey method, the study aims to assess the library marketing strategies o selected academic libraries in Metro Manila in terms o the 4Ps that make upthe marketing mix, namely, product, price, place and promotion. Perceived e ectivenesso these strategies by respondent students and aculty members was measured and testedusing ANOVA and independent -test. Findings culled will then serve as the basis in theormulation o an e ective strategic library marketing plan or St. Jude College Library,Manila.

Findings reveal that the respondent academic librarians use product (AWM = 3.70)ollowed by promotion library marketing strategies always. Tere is also high and signi cantdi erences in the perceived e ectiveness o the di erent library marketing strategies used by respondent students and aculty members.

Te student respondents perceive product strategies used by the respondent academiclibraries as e ective, as refected by (AWM = 3.33). On the other hand, the respondentaculty members also nd product strategies very e ective as refected in (AWM = 3.53)

while promotion, place and price strategies e ective.Te respondent librarians always ocus on providing quality programs and services

to be o ered to their library customers as a means o marketing their libraries. Te mostcommon way o library marketing is the use o library handouts or pamphlets, posters,announcements, or bulletin board displays to in orm the academic community o library developments as well as conducting library orientation.

Keywords : l brar Market g Strateg es, Market g m x, 4Ps, St. J e Co ege l brar ,Ma a

Name: Cindy MiCHEllE M. BASA Course: MS A vert s g Date of Defense: March 12 2008Title: Te impact o V Commerc a s us g Graph c des g w th A mat o o

Bra Reca , Att t e a Bra d spos t oV is said to be a unique and power ul advertising medium. Globalization and

new technologies gave way to the evolution o graphic design as a practice and pro ession.Nowadays, some advertising agencies are engaging into more creative means in presenting V advertisements such as using graphic designs or computer generated images. Using graphic design can draw attention and could be entertaining because o its creativity,uniqueness and reshness in style. Adding animation or movement to graphic design may increase attention.

Te study was designed to determine the responses o consumers toward V commercials with graphic designs and animation, as to whether V ads using heavy graphicdesigns with animation are better recalled and liked than ads with less graphic designs withanimation. Furthermore, the study also determines whether V ads with many graphic

designs with animation will elicit avorable attitudes than V ads with less graphic design with animation.

Te study utilized both qualitative research technique ( ocus group discussion, FGD)and quantitative research (Survey). A total o 100 V viewers participated between 18 to35 years o age comprised the study sample. Tirty (30) respondents participated in the




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FGDs and 70 participated or the survey. Purposive and Convenience sampling techniques were used to draw the sample.

Nine (9) test commercials were inserted in a 15-minute V program to simulatenormal V viewing. Four test commercials were inserted the V program or the FGDs andthe other ve test commercials were inserted in the V program or the sel -administeredsurvey.

Te study ndings revealed that the message o the V ads using graphic designcommunicated clearly to the respondents. V ads using light graphic design and animationare better recalled by the respondents than V ads using heavy graphic design and animation.Moreover, respondents are more likely to pay attention to V ads with light graphic designand animation than V ads with heavy graphic design and animation because V ads withheavy graphic design and animation tend to clutter in ormation. However, V ads using graphic design and animation are perceived to be creative. Favorable responses towards V ads

with graphic design and animation are the ollowing: Most o the respondents who strongly/slightly agree that the graphic design used in the ad is attractive, Most o the respondents whostrongly/slightly agree that the animation made the ad entertaining. Most o the respondents

who strongly/slightly agree that the ad made them want to try the brand and most o therespondents who strongly/slightly agree that they enjoyed watching the ad.Keywords : V a vert s g, graph c es g , a mat o , bra reca , att t e a bra

spos t o .

Name : RHOdESA u. CRuzE

Course : M.S. App e Ph s cs Major Me ca Ph s csDate of Defense : Ma 3, 2008Title : Compar so Betwee C ca use irreg ar F e s Shape b Cerrobe

B ocks a b M t ea Co mator us g a C arkso Sector i tegrat oComp ter Program

Te purpose o this study is to compare 19 clinically used irregular elds shaped by customized Cerrobend® blocks and by a Varian Millennium 80-lea multilea collimator using a Clarkson Sector Integration computer program developed using National InstrumentsLabVIEW M 7.0. Te comparison was made based on: (1) the calculated equivalent

square elds, (2) the in-phantom output measurements o the elds shaped by customizedCerrobend® blocks and by a Varian Millennium 80 MLC, and (3) the in-phantom outputmeasurements o block-shaped and MLC-shaped irregular elds and the outputs o theequivalent square elds. Te in-phantom output measurements were obtained using VarianClinac 600C Medical Linear Accelerator with 6MV photons in a water phantom with a P W 30004 Farmer-type ionization chamber at xed Source-to-Chamber Distance (SCD=100cm)and at depths: dmax, d5, and the clinically prescribed depths (dc). A block tray was usedor all measurements. In-phantom outputs were taken under the central axis point unlessthe central axis is blocked.

Results show that the calculated equivalent square elds’ side lengths are similar or

89.4% o block-shaped and MLC elds with a di erence o ≤2.0 mm. For all eld shapes,the percent di erence o in-phantom outputs o block-shaped and MLC elds at clinically prescribed depths is less than 2.0%. Comparison o in-phantom outputs o block-shapedirregular elds and the equivalent square elds at dc show that 26% o the eld shapes havepercent di erence ≤1.0%. On the other hand, the comparison o in-phantom outputs at



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dc between the equivalent square elds to MLC irregular elds resulted to 42% o the eldshapes with percent di erence ≤1.0%. For this study, the displacement errors in block-shapedelds are relatively greater compared to MLC elds. Consistent with related studies, botheld shaping methods have distinct geometric inaccuracies and limitations.

Name: CHRiS OPHER C. CuE OCourse: MS Arch tect reDate of Defense: March 16, 2007Title: Te Co servat o o the Faça e o the Ma ate Ch rch

Religion has always played a very important role in shaping the history o thePhilippines. In a country where approximately 85 percent o the population are Christians(mostly Roman Catholic), one will not ail to notice the infuence that Christianity hasbrought to bear on every day li e in general and architecture in particular. Te hundredso churches that were built throughout the Philippines were a product o the missionary enterprise o the Spanish regime that began in 1565.

Rebuilt in 1864, Malate Church, this unique structure with Moslem-baroquearchitecture is considered to be one o the oldest churches outside the walled city. It wasounded by the Augustinian riars. Te church is renowned or two points o interest. It isdedicated to Nuestra Senora de Remedios (Our Lady o Remedies), an image o the VirginMary to whom the aith ul have turned in times o trouble over our centuries. It is alsohistorically signi cant. It was in 1762, during the invasion o Manila by the British whenMalate church played a historic role. Te British used the church as headquarters and romthere laid the siege o Manila. It was severely damaged and destroyed by massive earthquakes,but was later rebuilt with twin towers fanking the açade. Te present weathered adobestructure is actually only over 100 years old, though various predecessors have stood on thesite since the end o the 16th century.

Tis study aims to provide the correct and applicable methods o conserving thepresent açade o the Malate Church, the last remaining vestige o her glorious and tumultuouspast by giving an in-depth study o the types o materials used and agents that are causing the deterioration o these materials.

We live in a period where the conservation o our cultural heritage is taken seriously

by ew. We would rather destroy and orget about our past rather than learn rom them. Tisstudy also aims to be the start o an advocacy that will help conserve our cultural architecturaltreasures in the hope that the preservation o these will help rekindle in our people a senseo national identity and pride.Keywords : A vocac , Ch rch, Co servat o , C t ra Arch tect ra reas res

deter orat o , Mos em Baro e Arch tect re




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Name : GERAldinE M. BudOMO-dAyRiCourse : MS M crob o og Date of Defense : March 17, 2008

Title: i V tro A t berc os s Act v t o V rg Coco t Ouberculosis ( B) is the 5th leading cause o mortality and the 6th leading cause o

morbidity due to a single in ectious agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M B). An equally disturbing act is the emergence o multiple-drug resistance in B strains, not only locally,but globally as well. New drugs are, there ore, being searched to address this problem. Inresponse to the need or an all-natural and inexpensive medication to control or even eradicatethe spread o M B, the anti- B activity o virgin coconut oil (VCO) was investigated.Virgin coconut oil was prepared by a modi ed traditional method, and its antimycobacterialactivity was compared to commercial VCO (Splash) and Monolaurin (Philippine CoconutResearch and Development Foundation, Inc.), a coconut oil derivative. Te identi cation

o the M B isolates provided by the Philippine uberculosis Society, Inc. were con rmedper orming the acid ast bacilli microscopy by Ziehl-Neelsen Method, Lowenstein-Jensenmorphology, niacin production and nitrate reduction. Using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA), two old serial dilutions o VCO, Monolaurin and Ri ampicin were tested against a standard density o Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv A CC 27294 ( ropical Disease andResearch Foundation, Inc.) and M B clinical isolates (N=17). Te assay was done in a Class2 Biological Sa ety Cabinet under Biosa ety Laboratory Level 3 o B Section, Laboratory Department o the Philippine uberculosis Society, Inc. (P SI), and proper protocol ordisposal and biosa ety measures were strictly ollowed. Resazurin (Sigma-Aldrich) was usedas mycobacterial growth indicator. A ter incubation or 5-8 days, the concentration in the

last well that remained clear or blue was noted as the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) o the test drugs. Te assay was done in duplicates. Results indicated that all the M Bisolates provided were con rmed M B strains. All VCO samples were ree o microbes a terlter-sterilization. Te anti-tuberculosis activity o VCO ranged rom 78 to ≥ 5000 µg/ml

while Monolaurin was active at 78 – 312.5 µg/ml. Our interesting results hold promise ora new anti- B supplement or drug alternative.

Name: FEllE AndREE MAuREEn l. diAz Course: MBA Date of Defense: Ma 29 2008Title: Eva at g the Sa et a So ess o the lAndBAnK o the Ph pp es

(lBP) 2002 2006: us g Came s i catorsBanking sector dominates the Philippine nancial sector, one o the most regulated

industries in the world. It is being supervised by the Central Bank o the Philippines. BSPimposed standards or the Philippine Banking System to check the sa ety and soundnesso banks’ per ormances. CAMELS ratios are used to quanti y the nancial soundness andhealth o banks through micro analysis o nancial statements. Tese ratios are commonly used to envisage the earlier signals o prospective problems in bank’s nancial health. Teseprospects, including various nancial indicators, incorporate quality o assets, nancialsoundness, management quality, earning capacity o assets, liquidity position and risk taking behavior o banks. Te aim o the study was to evaluate the sa ety and soundnesso LBP using CAMELS indicators or the period 2002 through 2006. Tis study was alsosupplemented by statistical tests such as, mean, median, standard deviation, minimum,



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maximum, and One-Way Anova. Data samples were variables rom the audited nancialStatements o LBP in order to benchmark against International/BSP Standards and Industry

Averages. Based on the the results, using CAMELS and other ratios, LBP was sa e and soundrom 2002 through 2006. Te average or each LBP’s CAMELS indicators showed the sametrend per ormance over the period.Keywords : lBP, BSP, CAMElS i cators, O e Wa A ova.

Name : CRiS inA . ESCudEROCourse : MS Chem str Date of Defense : Ma 29, 2008Title : Opt ca F ber Se sor or iro Base o Bathophe a tro e/na o

Membra eTere is a need or an easy, low-cost and sensitive method or the monitoring o iron

in ood. Iron is an important trace element in animal and human nutrition, and lack o thisnutrient causes some health problems such as anemia. One o the most e ective technologicalapproaches to prevent iron de ciency is ood orti cation. Presently, the established methodsor determining iron are time-consuming, with high chemical consumption and requiretrained personnel and expensive equipment.

Optical sensors present an attractive option or measurement o iron because o theirlow cost, possibility o miniaturization, great fexibility and robustness. Tese sensors generally make use o a reagent that interacts selectively with the analyte to give a distinct change in

an optical property. In this study, an optical ber chemical sensor or the determination o Fe(II) was developed based on the colorimetric reagent bathophenanthroline immobilizedin Na on membrane. Te membrane was cast onto glass substrate and incorporated to thefow-through sensing cell. Te refectance readings were measured through a ber-opticspectrometer (Ocean Optics) which was connected to the sensing cell.

Te sensing membrane was highly transparent and mechanically stable. Parameterssuch as reagent concentration, amount o the reagent, pH, fow rate o the sample and thecuring time were ound to a ect the per ormance o the sensor system and were subsequently optimized. Te analytical per ormance o the sensor was evaluated. It exhibited a goodsensitivity to Fe(II) concentration in the range 0-100 µg/mL (r = 0.9980) with its limit

o detection o 1.249 µg/mL. It also showed a reproducible result with relative standarddeviation (R.S.D.) o 1.23% and an average response time o 8.5 minutes (20 µg/mL Fe(II)).Te responses o the sensor towards Fe(II) were ound to be reversible, using 1M HCl as theregenerating solution. Te developed optical sensor system was applied to determine theiron concentration in orti ed and un orti ed ood samples and water samples. Te resultsobtained were validated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (Varian fame SpectrAA 55B). Te results obtained using the sensor showed good correlation (r = 0.9893) withthose obtained rom AAS.Keywords : iro , Opt ca se sor, Bathophe a thro e, na o , Atom c Absorpt o

Spectroscop




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Name: AnnA ViC ORiA dAMiAnCourse: MS A vert s g Date of Defense: March 4, 2008

Title: Cre t Car Rewar s Program as a Promot o a Strateg In 2005 only 4.6 million out o almost 85 million Filipinos were credit cardholders. A

year a ter, cardholders had grown to around 4.8 million, ninety percent o which were situatedin and outside o Metro Manila. Te trend in the credit card spending has completely evolved.

Around 40 to 50 percent o the Filipino credit card spending was allocated or essentialssuch as supermarket purchases as well as daily basic needs; 20 to 30 percent or leisure andthe rest or utility bill payments, miscellaneous expenses and insurance among others.

Te researcher undertook a study to analyze the credit cardholders’ attitudes along with their responses towards the Rewards Program (RP) currently o ered by the major creditcard issuing banks. Speci cally the study determined similarities and di erences betweenthe rewards program participants and non- participants in terms o RP awareness, sourceso awareness, ad recall, eatures they like/dislike along with their comments and thoughtsor Citibank, HSBC and BPI Rewards Program, and the cardholder’s individual experiencesrom RP participation. Te study also investigated the cardholder’s comments on the idea o a separate rewards card.

Te study used a combination o qualitative research design (e..g. Focus GroupDiscussion) and quantitative (e.g. the survey method ). Tere were three ocus groups withtwo groups or RP participants and one group or non-participants. A total o 70 creditcardholders participated in the Survey method. Te study respondents are male and emaleprimary/ principal cardholders or at least 2 years between the ages o 21 to 48 years old.Te Convenience and Purposive sampling techniques were used to draw the sample.

Citibank Rewards is the most popular rewards program among the credit card rewardprograms. Majority o the respondents learned the RP through Statement o Account Inserts,Print Ads and Direct Mailers- Reward Catalogs. Citibank ranks the highest in number o RP participants, ollowed by HSBC, while BPI and AIG rank third.

Features that attracted majority o the cardholders are:1) Mileage Program o HSBC;2) ravel Rewards o BPI; 3) Charity Rewards or Citibank; 4) No points expiration romBPI; 5) Citibank o ers wide range selection o reward items; and 6) Te items o ered by HSBC are not ordinary.

Cardholders were not receptive to having a separate rewards card as it was ound tobe inconvenient, hassle and con using. Main reasons or non- participation were centeredon high point requirement necessary to redeem an item and the length o time requiredto redeem the rewards. Some were not interested, while a ew were unaware o the rewardsprograms.Keywords : Cre t Car Rewar s Program, Att t es, Rewar s Car a Sa es

Promot o



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Name: RACquE B. dREuCourse: MA Ps cho og Date of Defense: Ma 23, 2008

Title: E ects o Str ct re lear g i terve t o o the Se Esteem o Co egeSt e ts a Sectar a SchooSel -esteem is the substance o the individual’s perception and opinion about him or

hersel . It is being ormed through the interaction o the person with the signi cant peoplearound them and creates an impact o change that a ects their desire to achieve and excel.

Tis study aims to nd out the e ects o Structured Learning Intervention on thesel -esteem o college students. It employed a rue Experimental Pretest-Posttest ControlGroup Design. Te Personal Data Sheet and Sel -Esteem Inventory Adult Form were utilizedto gather the research data. Te t-tests or independent and dependent samples were usedor statistical analysis.

Te respondents were randomly identi ed a ter the research instruments were given to128 presently enrolled students at La Cons0lack)n College-Binan. Tirty participants wereidenti ed with low sel -esteem and randomly assigned in the Experimental Group (n=15)and Control Group (n=15), respectively. Participants in the Experimental Group attended4-day sessions o the Structured Learning Intervention Program while, the Control Groupattended the usual counseling program.

Results revealed that there is no sign-i cant di erence between the pretest o theExperimental Group and the Control Group be ore the intervention. Moreover, there is a sign-r cant di erence between the pretest and posttest o the Experimental Group a ter theintervention while the control group showed no signi cant di erence.

Finally, result shows that Structured Learning Intervention has an e ect in enhancing the sel -esteem o the respondents and can be utilized as an alternative program.Keywords : low Se esteem, Se esteem, Str ct re lear g i terve t o ,

E ha ceme t

Name: FlOREnCE iMEE A. JOAquinCourse: MBA Date of Defense: October 7, 2008Title: Assess g the Compet t ve ess o the Se ecte Reg o a C t es V sa as

a M a ao as a Emerg g O shore BPO dest at oBased on the projection made by the IC division o the Philippine Board o

Investment (BOI), the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector which generated a revenueo $2.4 Billion in 2005 is expected to grow to about $13 Billion in 2010. o accommodatethis anticipated increase in demand or BPO services, the Philippine national and localgovernment in collaboration with the private sector, are continuously striving to createmultiple BPO center within the country’s border.

Te general purposed o this study was to evaluate the capability o the emerging regional BPO destinations in providing an environment conducive to BPO industry. Likewise,

to determine which Regional City is currently the most competitive BPO destination.Employing the scoring method, regional cities competitiveness was measured based onour indicators; human resource, in rastructure, cost-e ectiveness, and LGU’s supportand initiatives, while the Balance Scorecard (BSC) was utilized in developing metrics andstrategy ormulation.Keywords : BSC, BPO, O tso rc g, Reg o a C t es.




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Name: OPHEliA lAuREn ECourse: MS B o og ca Sc e cesDate of Defense: September 25, 2008

Title: he Morpho og ca d vers cat o a axo om o the Ph pp eMars e eae (Apoc aceae–Asc ep a o eae)

he Philippine representative o tribe Marsdenieae, amily Apocynaceae– Asclepiadoideae, comprises seven genera. Te ve genera (Clemensiella Schltr., Gymnema R.Br., Marsdenia R.Br., Sarcolobus R.Br., and elosma Coville) are still incompletely known.Details o their up-to-date generic and species descriptions are based on eld observationand study o herbarium specimens. Te rst ull illustrations o the species, practical keys as

well as in ormation on their habitat, ecology, distribution, phenology, chromosome number,pollination and dispersal are provided. Te complexity o tribal subdivisions in the amily lies in the structures o the gynoecium and androecium based on SEM investigations o reproductive parts. Te synapomorphy and diversi cation o the characters were noted orgeneric delimitations and species identi cation. Likewise, the taxonomic relationships o the Philippine Marsdenieae were discussed.

Name: FRAnCES CAROlinE lOPEz Course: MS App e Ph s csDate of Defense: October 9, 2008

Title: Va at o o Recomb at o Correct o Factor or Farmer pe io at oChamber 6MV P se Photo Beams V a MV a V

Tis thesis describes the behavior o ion recombination in an ionization chamber whenexposed to 6MV pulsed photon beams. Te study is intended to aid both the developmentand validation o ion recombination correction actor models which are essential in thecharacterization o an instrument’s saturation behavior when exposed to radiation.

Te experimental study involves the measurement o radiation output using a FC65-G Farmer type ionization chamber at several collection potential settings rom +50 V to+400 V incremented at 50 V at measurement depths 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 10 cm and 12 cmin water phantom. Ion recombination correction actors, ks, rom these measurements werecomputed via three protocols: a) the Multi-voltage technique (MV ), where linearity o theinverse o the charge measurement to the reciprocal o the applied voltage were evaluatedand used; b) the wo-voltage technique ( V ), where ks values were calculated based onVoltage Ratio, VR; and c) and by way o dose per pulse properties (DPP), where ks values

were noted rom the actual doses received by the chamber per pulse. While the calculated ks value or all three protocols seem within 5% range in general,

unsatis actory linearity trend between 1/q and I/V was noted with the MV protocol. Vsuggests that ks properties o the chamber are within limits except at VR = 8. ks as a unction o dose per pulse showed a linear relationship at all measurement depths and PRF settings.

Keywords : io recomb at o , sat rat o correct o , V, MV a dPP



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Name: JOHn diCK l. MAdEJA Course: MBA Date of Defense: March 14, 2008

Title: Ba k Fra : A Cha e ge to a E ect ve i ter a Co tro S stem o Se ecte u versa Ba ksTis study was conducted to determine the common causes why bank employees

commit raud, identi y the signs or warnings o raud known as “red-fags,” determine thee ectiveness o internal control measures to prevent or control raud and irregularities andidenti y problems encountered in the implementation o internal control system.

Te researcher utilized the descriptive evaluative type o research. One hundredtwenty (120) respondents including managers, cashiers and auditors rom top three universalbanks comprised the study sample. Percentage, ranking and mean rating scale were usedas statistical tools in the analysis and interpretation o data. o test the hypothesis whetherthere are signi cant di erences in the preventive measures employed by respondent banksto address the problem o bank raud, a Kruskal Wallis est was utilized.

Findings obtained rom the study are as ollows:1. Pro le o raud o enders revealed the ollowing: perpetrators were both o cers

and sta (62%), mostly emale (72%) and penalty imposed was dismissal (79%).2. Te common causes o bank raud were ranked according to requency as ollows:

(1) nancial need, (2) living beyond means or extravagant li estyles, (3) temptation, (4)amily problem, (5) lust or money or power.

3. Te signs or warnings o raud that can easily be detected are as ollows: (1)

unexplained or sudden change in li estyle not commensurate with salary, (2) nancialproblems such as calls rom credit cards or lending institutions, (3) employee who is on Absence without Leave (AWOL) or mysterious disappearance, (4) employee who is associated with unexplained or perennially incurred cash shortages, (5) missing blank orms or serieso accountable orms.

4. Fraud can be detected or discovered by means o (1) internal control, (2) specialaudit or investigation, (3) accidental detection, (4) through tips or complaints rom clientsor employees and (5) by anonymous letter.

5. Another signi cant ndings showed that raud and irregularities can be preventedor controlled by means o the ollowing measures: o (1) having a good system o internal

control, (2) conduct regular audit, (3) establishing penalties and prosecution policies, (4)create a positive work environment, (5) restructuring employees’ incentives or salaries.6. Te hypothesis that “there are no signi cant di erences in the preventive

measures employed by respondent banks to address the problem o bank raud” is rejected.Te chi-square (X2 = 23.045 > 7.815) computed is signi cant at 1% level and shows evidenceo di erences in the implementation o control measures. Bank C exempli ed the highestperception regarding the e ectiveness o preventive measures compared to Banks A andB.

7. Te ollowing problems in the implementation o internal control system were also ranked as ollows: (1) di culty in implementing it due to heavy workload, (2)complacent to implement internal control, (3) di erent interpretation o guidelines orprocedures, (4) internal control policies and procedures keep on changing rom time totime, (5) implementation o internal control is risky, any lapses will result to penalties andsanction.Keywords : Ba k ra , ter a co tro , re fags, versa ba ksv




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Name: MARiA lynnE V. MAG AnOnGDegree: MA Ps cho og Date of Defense: J 29, 2008

Title: Se e cac a Job Per orma ce Re at o to Job Sat s act o a Orga at o a Comm tme t o eachers: Bas s or a Propose Work E ha ceme t Program

Tis is a descriptive-correlational study which seeks to determine the socio-demographicpro le, level o sel -e cacy, rate o job per ormance, level o job satis action, and the levelo organizational commitment o teachers. It also aims to establish whether the teachers’socio-demographic pro le, level o sel -e cacy, and rate o job per ormance are signi cantly related to their level o job satis action and level o organizational commitment.

Te researcher employed purposive sampling method or the study. Tere were orty-two (42) respondents, all ull time teachers rom Maria Montessori Foundation (MMF), whoparticipated in this research. Te research instruments used to gather data or the study werethe ollowing: Personal In ormation Sheet, eachers’ E cacy Scale ( ES), Job Per ormanceRating Scale (JPRS), Job Satis action Scale (JSS), and CM Employee Commitment Survey.Te data were analyzed using the ollowing statistical tools: percentage distribution or theanalysis o the respondents’ sociodemographic pro le, weighted mean and standard deviationto determine the respondents’ level o sel e cacy, job per ormance, job satis action, andorganizational commitment, and Pearson productmoment correlation coe cient to identi y i the teachers’ socio-demographic pro le, sel -e cacy, and job per ormance are signi cantly related to their job satis action and organizational commitment. Te data were analyzedthrough the use o SPSS (Statistical Package or Social Sciences) version 10.

Results o the study revealed that the respondents are predominantly emale, single,and within the age bracket o 25 - 29 years old. Majority o the respondents only completeda Bachelor’s Degree and have served in MMF or 2 - 4 years. Tere are more teachers inthe Grade School Department than in the other departments. Overall the respondentsrated themselves “moderate” in sel -e cacy, “very good” in their job per ormance, “very satis ed” with their job and “committed” to their school organization. Te results o thestudy also showed that certain aspects o the socio-demographic pro le like gender andteaching level assignment are signi cantly related to the level o job satis action (at 0.05level o signi cance) and that educational attainment is signi cantly related to the level o organizational commitment. On the other hand, sel -e cacy and job per ormance are notsigni cantly related to overall level o job satis action and overall level o organizationalcommitment.

Based on the results o the study, a supplementary work-enhancement program isproposed to maintain the teachers’ high per ormance and retention o the school’s philosophy,vision, and mission in education.Keywords: se e cac , job per orma ce, job sat s act o , orga at o a comm tme t,

work e ha ceme t program



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Name: JACquElinE d. MEndOzA Course: MS Chem str Date of Defense: Apr 29, 2008

Title: Ferr c a e Me ate Amperometr c BOd Se sor base o immob e Escherichia coli o a G ass Carbo E ectro eBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important environmental index o organic

pollution in wastewater. Te conventional and standard method BOD5 assay described by American Public Health Association apart rom it takes 5 days to complete. Rapid BODmicrobial sensor using dissolved oxygen (DO) probe pioneered by Karubeet al ., uses oxygenas an electron acceptor. However due to poor solubility o oxygen in water, rapid and extensivebiodegradation o organic compounds is di cult to achieve in this system. o alleviate thislimitation, redox-active substances, such as erricyanide, is used as an alternative electronacceptor or oxygen in the biodegradation o organic compounds since these substances are

highly soluble in water. Te measurement is based on monitoring the amount o microbially produced errocyanide.

In this study, a disposable erricyanide-mediated amperometric biosensor based onEscherichia coli or BOD was developed. Te recognition element consisted o an Escherichia coli immobilized in an agarose gel and set on a glassy carbon via gauze. An operating potentialo 450 mV (vs Ag/AgCl) was employed and the current was measured against platinumelectrode. Glucose-glutamic acid (GGA) solution was used as a standard solution in all theexperiments. Optimum condition was observed at 1:2 cell to agarose ratio microbial layer,60 mM potassium erricyanide in 10 mM phosphate bu er (pH 7.0, 25°C), with 5 minutesN2 purging prior to analysis. Te sensor exhibited a linear response rom 50 up to 240 mg O l-1 BOD with an average reproducibility o 11.3%, and obtained a high correlation todomestic wastewater but not to ood-grade wastewater with respect to BOD5 test. A stableresponse was observed in less than ten minutes and its stability o the sensor was achievedup to seven days o storage.Keywords : BOd, b ose sor, g ass carbo , agarose ge , Escher ch a co , err c a e

Name : CHERyll didi nElliE n. OBRA, MSP , P RPCourse : MS Ph s ca Terap Major Orthope cs

Date of Defense : Ma 30, 2008Title : Corre ates o A thropometr c a F t ess Meas res o P a g Pos t o s

o i ocos norte Co eg ate Basketba P a ersBasketball is a complex technical game requiring varying capabilities in the

anthropometric and physiological domains. While several studies have documented thephysiological and anthropometric characteristics o elite basketball players, investigations oncollegiate players are limited. Te purposes o this study were to create an anthropometricand tness pro le and to determine the relationship o anthropometric and tness measureson playing positions o collegiate basketball players o Ilocos Norte.

Five men’s basketball teams participated in this study (N=40). According to playing positions, players were categorized as guards (n=22), orwards (n=11), and centers (n=7).Subjects underwent anthropometric and tness testing.

ANOVAs revealed signi cant di erences between the players across playing positionsor height, weight, arms span. Guards are signi cantly shorter than orwards and centers whileorwards and centers do not di er signi cantly in height. Centers are signi cantly heavier




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than guards however, orwards do not di er signi cantly in weight with any o the guardsor centers. Te arm span o centers is also signi cantly longer than the orwards who havesigni cantly longer arm span than the guards. Data varied widely across playing positions orbody circum erences, BMI, waist-hip ratio. Tere is statistically signi cant di erence in peak oxygen consumption o the players, with the guards having signi cantly higher VO2max values while the centers having the lowest values. Tere are no signi cant di erences in othertness measures o the players regardless o their playing position.

Te collected pro le data can contribute in identi ying possible athletes, selectionprocedures, evaluating and monitoring current players, and as a source o comparison withother athletic groups.

Name : REnE d. OlAMi , REE

Course : MS Ma ageme t E g eer g Date of Defense : September 27, 2008t e: E c e c Per orma ce Eva at o o Se ecte i epe e t Power

Pro cers l o Area Ph pp es us g the F dEA Mo e : 20002006

Te purpose o this study is to evaluate and investigate the e ciency per ormance o nine (9) selected Independent Power Producer (IPP) rms using the Fuzzy Data Envelopment

Analysis (FDEA) Model. Te data were drawn rom a data base o 7 panel rms in Luzon Area-Philippines over the period 2000 – 2006. Te e ciency per ormance evaluations were done rst rom 63 pooled panel data prior to cross-sectional analysis in three stages(CVRS E 1, UCVRS E 2 and UCVRS E 3). Te input controllable variables were (X1)otal Number o Employees, (X2) Depreciation, input uncontrollable variable (X3) ISOCerti cation. Te output controllable variables were (Y1) otal Operating Revenue, (Y2)otal MWH-Sales, output uncontrollable variable (Y3) Age o echnology.

Empirically, this study suggested that: (1) ISO Certi cation and Age o echnology entry into the IPP rm study implies enhanced uzzi cation, thus connoting the possibleloss o precision; (2) Input and output orientation via UCVRS E (Stages 2 and 3) mani estsde ciencies through inappropriate use o scale trans ormation; (3) slacks occurrence exhibitedin three stages implies mismanagement o variable alternatives; (4) an average o 1.33

percent yearly or ISO Certi cation compliance is required or the IPP’s relative technicale ciency and continuous deterrence yields non compliance o quality standards; (5) averagereduction o 1.22 percent yearly or re urbishment o old technologies is tantamount toan IPP rms’ e cient score, otherwise, non-adherence means disregard o technology rehabilitation and upgrading.

Tis study provides the theoretical, comparative empirical models, and robustevidence o how the DEA-CVRS E Model (Stage 1) justi ed the enhanced discriminating power o FDEA-UCVRS E (Stage 2) Model. Te methodology tackles handling in ormationthat contains controllable (precise, exact) and uncontrollable (imprecise, uncertain, missing,unclear, vague, uzzy) values. Hence, this study is an aid or strategic multi-criteria decision

making and risk management.Keywords : F dEA; corre at o ; s acks; tech ca e c e c per orma ce;i epe e t Power Pro cer i str



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Name: MA. REinA O. OlAyVAR Course: MBA Date of Defense: Ma 2, 2008

Title: Te Emp o me t Pote t a o o r sm the Ph pp es, 1996 2006: A Sectora A a s sTis study evaluated the perceived positive e ects o tourism on employment and

job generation in the Philippines or the period 1996–2006. Te study also assessed how government policies have ostered tourism growth, using econometric multiple regressionanalysis, which will be validated through key in ormant interviews. Results suggest thatthe Philippine tourism industry signi cantly contributes directly and indirectly to localemployment. ourism is already an export trading within the country, the infux o oreigncurrencies provides a good margin o income to all tourism related establishments and tothe government through the remittances o their taxes. Te Do was ound to be e ective

in managing local tourism-related activities, thus, helping increase tourism-generatedrevenues. Quantitatively, tourism international arrival is the only signi cant indicator thatcontributes to local job generation. ourism receipts and M.I.C.E. have a negative resultthat has a propensity to lessen the sustainability o employment. Domestic arrival data hasa probable replicate o a single tourist visiting two or more local destinations compared tointernational arrivals. Tis study recommends or extensive tourism program development,commercial marketing campaign on reputable Filipino values, re ormation on internationaland domestic airport, to name a ew.Keywords : Ph pp e to r sm str ; emp o me t; gover me t po c es.

Name : REBECCA d. OnGCourse : M.A. i str a Ps cho og Date of Defense : Ma 22, 2008Title: Emot o a i te ge ce, Cop g Mecha sms a Job Per orma ce o

Se ecte Ra k a F e Emp o ees o Ph pp e nat o a Ba k: A Assessme t

Tis study aims to determine the relationship o Emotional Intelligence, Coping Mechanisms and Job Per ormance o selected rank-and- le employees o Philippine NationalBank. A total o 207 respondents, 106 emale and 101 male and who are assigned in theoperations in PNB Head O ce participated in the study.

Te researcher employed descriptive research, which utilizes correlational andcomparative study. Personal Data Sheet, Emotional Intelligence Appraisal, Coping ResourcesInventory-Adult (CRI-Adult) and latest Per ormance Appraisal o the Bank were used asinstruments to gather the needed data. Te ollowing statistical measures were also utilizedin the study: Frequency Distribution, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson r.

Results o the study revealed that there is a signi cant di erence in the level o the

Emotional Intelligence o the respondents in terms o their socio-demographic pro le exceptin age category. While the coping results showed that there is no signi cant di erence inthe age category in terms o the 8 scales o coping eatured in CRI-Adult such as PositiveReappraisal (PR), Seeking Guidance and Support (SG), Problem Solving (PS), Cognitive

Avoidance (CA), Seeking Alternative Rewards (SR) and Emotional Discharge (ED) exceptin Logical Analysis (LA) and Acceptance or Resignation (AR).




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Likewise, there is no signi cant di erence in the coping mechanisms o therespondents in terms o their gender and length o service. Moreover, there is also nosigni cant di erence in the level o coping o the respondents in the civil status category in terms o 8 scales o coping in CRI-A except in AR. When it comes to job per ormance,data indicates that there is no signi cant di erence in the level o work per ormance o therespondents except in gender and length o service category.

Findings urther reveal that when grouped according to demographic pro le, there isa signi cant relationship between EQ and coping mechanisms in terms o the ollowing:

a) age, particularly in LA, PR, PS, SR and ED scales o coping;b) gender in PR, PS and SR;c) civil status in all 8 scales o coping; andd) length o service in PS and SR.

As or the EQ and job per ormance, it was ound out that majority o the respondents

yielded a moderately correlation in terms o their socio-demographic pro le.Data also uncovered that there is signi cant relationship between job per ormance

and coping mechanisms o the respondents in terms o their socio-demographic pro leexcept in gender and length o service, wherein results were ound negligible, low or non-signi cant.

Lastly, the data revealed the ollowing ndings: a) there is a moderately small positivecorrelation between EQ and JP; b) likewise, there is also a moderately small positiverelationship between EQ and CM in terms o scales o coping except in AR and ED areas

who have both very small negative correlation; and c) there is very small positive relationshipbetween JP and CM in scales o coping except in ED who bears no correlation at all.Keywords : Corre at o , Soc o emograph c pro e, Emot o a i te ge ce, Cop g

Mecha sms, Job Per orma ce

Name : ARnOld F. RiVERA Course : MA n rs g Date of Defense : October 23, 2008Title : Re e g n rs g rom the Perspect ve o Hosp ta Sta n rses

Filipino nurses count among the best in the world. Tey are known or bothcompetence and character. Presently, they are very much in demand in Europe, in the U.S.,and neighboring countries (Conclara, 2001). Right now, there are numerous schools o nursing to accommodate the increasing number o nurse enrollees across the country. Inthis period where nursing enrollees in the Philippines are at its highest number and many have the goal o going abroad in mind, nursing needs to be clear to every Filipino nurses. Itis di cult to clari y the characteristics o the nursing pro ession and the problems that exist

within this eld. Gaining, there ore, an understanding o the nurses’ perception regarding their pro ession can improve knowledge on this subject. welve (12) participants romtertiary, general hospitals (two private and two government operated) in Manila were includedin the study. Purposive sampling was employed in the selection o the participants wherethe assistance o nurse supervisors were sought to identi y sta nurses who could openly share their experiences o the phenomenon. A qualitative phenomenological approach wasutilized to explore the perceptions o the participants on their de nition o nursing. A semi-structured interview guide, which consists o eight (8) open-ended questions, was validatedby a panel o experts and was used by the researcher in the collection o data through sel -report approach. Te data gathered were coded into three levels and were analyzed using



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Collaizzi method o data analysis.Hospital sta nurses articulated nursing as it is practiced in terms o the meaning

o the term nursing as to “essence”, activities, goals, and meaning as a pro ession. Nursing in the Philippines is highly valued pro ession compared to neighboring countries. Culturalactors underpinned the hospital sta nurses’ conceptualization o nursing. Due to thecommercialization, nursing pro ession in the Philippines is aced with various challenges,socially and institutionally.

Furthermore, the essence o nursing among participants o the study is caring.Caring towards their amilies that transcends to their patients. Trough nursing, hospitalsta nurses could help to mobilize the social and economic status o their amilies by having

job overseas.

Name: MA. ViC ORiA M. ROnidEl

Course: Master o F e ArtsDate of Defense: October 22, 2008Title: “E evat g the H mb e Ratta to a V ta Express ve E eme t O Com cs

Sc pt res”Te proponent o this thesis proposal aims to call attention to the rich potentials and

vital signi cance o rattan as material and as an expressive element o comics sculptures.Rattan is a raw material in making baskets, urniture and handicra ts. It is a climbing palm

with numerous spines, hairs and bristles scattered all over the plant. Tey grow throughoutthe country rom Batanes to awi- awi. Tey are o ten ound near sea-level and mediumelevations in virgin and second-growth orests but never in the open elds.1 Generally, mostrattan species have a wide altitudinal range although there are some species, which tend tohave speci c ranges.2

Each sculpture will eature various stick gures or narrating children’s stories. Tesa ety o rattan makes it inviting or children to play with it; and may even encourage thechildren to provide conclusion o the stories.

Inspired by the style and techniques o Paul Kleé, the proponent hopes to coax theversatility o rattan toward trans orming this humble material into an attractive and persuasiveintegral part o comics sculpture.

Name: MinniE Jill dC lOPEz Course: MA Eco om csDate of Defense: november 4, 2008Title: Te use o Borrowe Reserves as a oo o Mo etar Po c the Ph pp e

Eco om Rediscounting is a privilege which a quali ed bank earns in obtaining loans and

advances rom the central bank,Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , using the eligible papers o itsborrowers as collateral. As one o the major instruments o monetary policy, the BSP is ableto control the money supply in the economy and at the same time maintain the nancial

stability and liquidity o the banks. While there are basically two types o rediscounting acility available in the Philippine nancial system (a) the Peso Rediscounting Facility and

1Pongkaluang, p. 197 as cited by Rimando, 1996

2 Lapis. 1995




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(b) the Exporters’ Dollar and Yen Rediscount Policy, this study, however, ocuses only onthe Peso Rediscounting Facility.

Te main objective o this study is to determine the impact o rediscounting policy o the BSP on the Philippine economy principally through borrowed reserves, non-per orming loans, and aggregate output or the period rom period 1997 to 2006. Using quarterly data,this study examined empirically the impact o Lending Rate, Rediscounting Rate, and

Aggregate Output on the Level o Borrowed Reserves in the Philippines. Also, it attemptedto examine i non-per orming loans (NPL) o the banking system is in some way connected

with the deposit level (DL) o the banking system. In addition, the study also examined theimpact o the money supply on aggregate output in the Philippine economy. All in all, three(3) empirical models were tted to the available data at hand and tested or their statisticalsigni cance using multiple regression analysis.

Results show that Lending Rates exert a negative e ect on the level o BorrowedReserves, while Rediscounting Rate and Aggregate Nominal Output both exert positivee ect. However, only Aggregate Output is ound to be statistically signi cant. On the2nd Model, the incidence o NPL among commercial banks is largely conditioned by theavailability o deposits rather than availment o borrowed reserves, although both actorstend to reduce the non-per orming assets o the banking system which serve as a drag onits e ciency. For the 3rd Model, changes in money supply shows a highly signi cant e ecton aggregate output in the Philippines.

It is shown that the growth in aggregate output has the strongest and most signi cante ect on the availment o borrowed reserves by the banking system. Although it is suspectedthat a causality relationship may emerge rom borrowed reserves to aggregate output asimplicit in the 3rd model, this is an empirical issue that could be the subject o uture research.Non-per orming loans (NPL), on the other hand, tend to decline as banks’ deposit levelsincrease. Tis is plausible because increased liquidity on the part o banks as deposit levelsincreased could likely roll over or renew NPLs to current status thus reducing bad loans.Keywords : borrowe reserves, nPl, e g rate, re sco t g rate, Chow breakpo t

test, Ramse spec cat o error test.

Name: JEnniFER d. SAMOn ECourse: MS A vert s g Date of Defense: March 12, 2008Title: Creat ve K osk Reta g w th Max m m impact

Retailers are considered one o the most signi cant contributors to Philippineeconomy. oday, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are sought to be the driving orce o Philippine economic development since they are considered the number one job creators inthe country. Te Philippine National Statistics O ce (2004) counted 437,325 establishmentsengaged in retail trade in 2000, with the industry employing over 1.7 million people. Retailsales in 2002 amounted to 1,692.3 billion pesos (approximately US$30 billion), an 11.1%increase rom 2001 (Euromonitor, 2004). oday, SME employs 67.9 percent o the country’slabor orce or 3,877,369 people. Philippines’ Retail rade has indeed blossomed and this is

why developing SME is also part o the Arroyo’s Flagship programs.Tis study ocuses on helping entrepreneurs and aspiring entrepreneurs as well that it’s

about time to take a chance on your decision to become your own boss. Tis study analyzedcustomer perceptions, concept testing using In the Pink Marketing as the actual retailing shop business. Tis study also interviewed business owners in di erent product or service



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categories, to be able to consider what made the pioneers survived and what made the new entrepreneurs push through considering a tough competing industry or business. Tis isthe dilemma acing SME nowadays, there is indeed a market o opportunity in business,but rst and oremost they would need to survive the tough competition and hold a sharein the market place.

Tis research is about implementing creative retailing strategy with maximum impactin business. What would be the proper merchandising materials, retail environmentalaesthetics, and brand image to consider? What would be the best way to run your businessthrough the ladder o success especially in the rst di cult months and the other lean monthso the year? How retailers can sell their business creatively to the market?Keywords: aesthet cs, bra mage, creat ve reta g, max m m mpact, mercha s g,

reta ers

Name: PA RiCK nEil M. SAn iAGOCourse: Master o F e ArtsDate of Defense: October 22, 2008Title: imag g Sp r t a Cr s s: Exp or g A tomot ve Acr c a Fo Objects

to Portra the Treate e H ma Co t oTis researcher aims to explore a technique, here, being proposed as a new approach

to representation. By “new” is understood that this technique is di erent rom the methodso traditional classical realism as well as recent modern styles. Initially, the approach isapplied to portraiture, that is, representing particular individuals, then nally, to virtually abstract paintings strewn with ound objects aimed at imaging the spiritual condition o man in our present time.

Inspired by abstract expressionism as demonstrated particularly in the style andtechniques o Jackson Pollock, this researcher hopes to build up particular individualrepresentations (portraits) using paint drips but with new mediums: the hardware materials,automotive acrylic and ound objects. As a voyage into the “new”, this researcher willexplore the extent to which Pollock’s paint drips could be controlled and manipulated orrepresentational purposes. An experimental aspect is the researcher’s use o non-traditionalobjects like wires, screwdrivers, broken bottles, etc., instead o conventional paint brushesto obtain the contours, masses and depths. Abstract expressionism involves and is essentially

characterized by gural and space distortions. Accordingly, this researcher will apply his new technique in portraiture to image spiritual crisis that is a condition o our times. Finally, theexploration will be extended to apparently pure abstract paintings where aint acial eaturesseem to sur ace through ound objects evoking the image o humanity a ter a cataclysm.

Name: SuHEndRA Course: MA Ph osoph Date of Defense: Ma 16, 2008

Title: Te not o o J st ce derr a’s deco str ct oTis study is an attempt to explore Derrida’s deconstructive justice alongside the

discourse on law and violence. Te exploration is premised on the primary problem o this study which is: Is it evident that Derrida’s discourse on justice has ethical and politicalsigni cance?




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Following the ethical and political reading o Derrida, the objective o this study isto discourse how justice arises as an issue o deconstruction. In doing so, the discourse on

justice is discussed in its relation to law and violence. Te deconstructive reading o law and violence leads Derrida, which is the very purpose o this study to explicate, to claimthat “deconstruction is justice.”

Te nature o the study is both expository and interpretative, which is the methodemployed in understanding Derrida’s notion o justice. Te main text under scrutiny is theForce de loi. It has also served as the matrix o interpreting all other texts. Te other primary sources consulted are seen in the light o their signi cance and implications to the Forcede Loi. On the other hand, the other primary sources and authoritative secondary sourcesare also used to guarantee the integrity o the interpretation on the Force de loi. Tereby,the textual interpretation is an attempt to surmise the leading and cohesive understanding o both Derrida and his critiques, and also to indicate, whenever it is possible, and somesigni cant points that have been silenced but essential to the understanding o justice. Asan archival research, it utilizes materials available in various libraries and re ereed journalson philosophy.

Derrida, by making the provocative claim that, “deconstruction is justice” and thatit is “a responsibility without limits,” challenges the traditional notion and destabilizes theauthorial intention o justice. Furthermore, by contrasting justice into law, he arrives to theconclusion that “justice is deconstruction itsel ” only i it goes beyond the concept o legality and illegality. Within the juridical sphere, however, justice itsel becomes the ground o opposition. In order or justice to escape this opposition, it has to move beyond its juridicalcharacter; that is, to take its deconstructive dimension.

Derrida pursues his argument o justice through his deconstructive reading o law and violence. Law does not guarantee justice, while law is impotent without its assumeddirection towards justice. Justice is not law. It is because at the oundation o law is actually violence. Violence is the orce o law. Tus, deconstruction is justice. Tis means that justiceis aporia or the ruit ul and active engagement o binaries such as law and non-law, decidableand undecidable, possible and the impossible, calculable and the incalculable. Tese binariespoints to the character o deconstructive justice as a responsibility and gi t.

Name: MAGdAlEnE iEnG’O

Course: MS CommerceDate of Defense: Ma 21, 2008Title: Cre t R sk Ma ageme t Pract ces O Se ecte no Gover me ta

Orga at o M cro a ce i st t t o s i Metro Ma a i Re at o oloa Co ect o Per orma ce

Micro nance institutions continue actively in the Philippines since the 1980s, in ane ort to help the plight o the poor, provide nancial services (i.e. loans, voluntary savings.)Non-governmental Organization-Micro nance Institutions (NGO-MFIs) in the rural orurban areas are aced with the challenge o utilizing the resources they have to maintain

e cient operations and remain e ective. NGO-micro nance institutions like any othernancial institutions are not exempted rom the risks that loan activities hold. Tese risks mustbe managed well to ensure e ciency & sustainability o operations in an organization.

Te objectives in this study are to determine the credit risk management practicesthat are applied within the selected NGO-MFIs, to determine the level o loan collectionper ormance and the methods being used to reduce credit risk. Te study is ocused on our



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(4) NGO-MFIs in Metro Manila that were willing to be part o the study a ter being selectedpurposely rom among the members o the Micro nance Council o the Philippines. Tebasic research instrument is the questionnaire. However, interviews were also conducted as

well as document analysis, to urther acilitate the responses. Data gathered were analyzedand interpreted using the descriptive statistics namely requency, rank, percentage, weightedmean, Cronbach’s Alpha, and Pearson’s Product Moment o correlation were computedusing the SPSS so tware.

Te study has the ollowing results: Te selected NGO-MFI’s loans are administeredbased on the credit in ormation gathered and requirements adhered to. Credit evaluationo clients utilizes the in ormation gathered mainly through interviews with the prospectiveclients, by re erence rom other people and records at the community o ce. Character o client is described as most highly evaluated. Te credit in ormation proved signi cantly relatedto the loan collection per ormance. Micro nance o cers monitor the weekly payments withthe help o group and center leaders. Results indicated a common trend in practices o creditrisk management some practices are more standardized or established in all the institutionsresulting in a positive but non-signi cant relationship to loan collection per ormance.

Te institutions consider Port olio-at-Risk (PaR) very important in measuring the risk o loans outstanding; all our selected institutions have a PaR below 10% which is acceptablebut could be lowered. On-time repayment rate is above 81% with only one institution alling on the lower end o this rate. Tree o the selected NGO-MFIs have Past-due rates ranging 5% and below, one ranged 6%-10%. Generally, regular monitoring o loan payments andreports need to be improved. Te researcher arrived at the conclusion that the value o theloans needs to be established in the clients in order or them to be responsible and motivatedin credit discipline. Respondents agreed that more discipline should be instilled in both clientsand o cers. Results o this study served as the basis or recommending ways to improvecredit risk practices and may also be used or uture review wherever applicable.Keywords : nGO M cro a ce i st t t o s, cre t r sk ma ageme t, cre t ormat o ,

cre t eva at o , mo tor g oa s, cre t a a s s, a oa co ect oper orma ce.

Name: JOEMAR P. uRinGAnCourse: MA Ph osoph Date of Defense: november 7, 2008Title: Te Co cept o Free om Ha ah Are t’s Vita Activa

In her study o the state o modern humanity, Hannah Arendt considers humankindrom the perspective o the actions o which it is capable. Te problems Arendt identi edthen—diminishing human agency and political reedom, the paradox that as human powersincrease through technological and humanistic inquiry, we are less equipped to control theconsequences o our actions—continue to con ront us today. Although, Arendt is usually treated a proponent o “action” in the narrowly political sense, she in act intended something ar more ambitious. Her goal inTe Human Condition was to allow the underlying experienceso the vita activa to emerge more clearly that they do when one looks “down” on them rom

the contemplative standpoint o the philosopher. Arendt is undamentally concerned withreasserting the politics as a realm o human action, praxis, and the world o appearance inthe public realm, which only exists or the dominant gure in the amily, is most closely related with action and is where man gains a sense o reedom.

Tis study aims to examines Arendt’s phenomenological reconstruction o theVita Activa that provides the ramework or the concept o Freedom viewed mainly through,





a VERi A EM

Name: XuE, SHAnSHAn W.Course: MS HRMDate of Defense: October 30, 2008

Title: A a a s s o the Stre gths a Weak esses o the K ow e ge, Sk s a Va es o the n rses Sh J a h a g Ce tra Hosp ta Sh J a h a g Ch a

Te unique unction o a nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in theper ormance o those activities contributing to health or its recovery. Te study aims toidenti y the strengths and weaknesses o the nurses in Shi Jia-Zhuang Central Hospital inorder to determine the training needs to enhance and improve their per ormance or betterservices to the patients. Te study used the descriptive—survey research method to gatherdata by the ues o survey questionnaires which were distributed to 224 regular nurses who

were selected by the researcher and 17 nurse supervisors who were assigned in all the 17

clinical departments. Te data were subjected to statistical treatment by using percentages, weighted means, standard deviation, and analysis o variance.

Te nurses and their supervisors suggested the ollowing: involvement o the nursein the planning and presentation o in-service training sessions: have the nurses participatein pharmaceutical in-service training to understand behavior changes and side e ects o drugs; have a system or documenting individual nurse needs that indicate a problem area and outline the intervention taken to remedy the problem; use the system when making decisions about in-service training needs; hold impromptu in-service training or speci cunits/sta & or speci c situations/conditions and o er in-service training on all shi ted toaccommodate nurses’ schedule, hold in-service training that provides “hands on” experienceon realistic scenarios; use o educational tools such as realistic videos, workbooks, interactivecomputer programs, and games; provide eedback mechanism or the patients/patients’relatives; use social service authorities to talk about residents’ psycho-social needs; and invitelegal authorities to talk about residents’’ rights.Keywords : Stre gth, weak esses, k ow e ge, sk , a va es

Documents

Ust Theses Abstract 2007-2008