Using Wellbore Deformation To Optimize Drilling Performance...wall caused by the drilling process • Widely used in mining since the 19th century • Used in civil engineering applications

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5 - Presentation Template 20131104 JC.pptx

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Using Wellbore Deformation To

Optimize Drilling Performance

By : Juan Tovar

Innovative Engineering Systems Limited

Devex 2014

6th May 2014

Aberdeen, Scotland

1 Presentation Devex 20140505 JC

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Content

2

• Background

• Fundamentals of near wellbore deformation

• Drilling optimisation using near wellbore deformation

1. Wellbore stability

2. Hydraulics and hole cleaning

3. Hole quality

• Zonal isolation and cementing

• Conclusions

• Questions

Presentation Devex 20140505 JC

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Background

3

Near wellbore deformation is an old and well established concept; it is the deformation of the rock at the wellbore wall caused by the drilling process

• Widely used in mining since the 19th century

• Used in civil engineering applications such as tunnelling and dam

construction

• Composed of a mechanical, chemical and hydraulic element

• Also known as damaged zone, yield zone or radius of plasticity

For well construction

• Deformation of the near wellbore in well construction can be

predicted and verified using current measurements such as calliper

logs.


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Fundamentals Of Near Wellbore Deformation

4

• Modelling is based on geomechanical principles and therefore

a geomechanical model needs to be built

• In-situ stresses, pore pressure and rock mechanical properties

are required; a temperature element is desired for HP/HT wells

Rp = ro { 2q - So + p’(k + 1) / (p +p’)(k + 1)} 1/k - 1 (Sanfillipo et al 1997)

Where

K Tri-axial stress factor

So Unconfined uni-axial strength

Q Hydrostatic stress field

Rp Radius of plasticity


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0.00

2.00

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14.00

010

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160170

180190

200

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340350

Bit Size Series2

7.50

9.50

11.50

13.50

15.50

17.50

19.500

1020

3040

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140150

160170

180190

200210

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320330

340350

100 DD 500 DD 800 DD 1100 DD 1500 DD

3000 DD 4000 DD 5000 DD 5500 DD Bit Size

Drilling Production



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Calliper Four Arms - Dorado 2X

Range (MD) : 6750.00' - 7182.00'

Scale : 1:1000

Depth(ft)

6800

6900

7000

7100

Pore Pressure0 8000psi

Minimum Horizontal Stress0 8000psi

Maximum Horizontal Stress0 8000psi

Overburden Stress0 8000psi

Group

Chonta

ChontaLime

Cetico

AguaCaliente

C18 10in

C28 10in

Bit Size8 10in

Wellbore size is measured

using calliper logs

• 2, 4, 6 arms callipers are used

• Helps to determine stress

anisotropy and orientation

• Callipers reflect the mechanical,

chemical and hydraulic effects of

the drilling process on the finished

wellbore



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Near Wellbore Deformation For Drilling Optimisation

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Main areas of application for the drilling processes

• Wellbore stability

• Hydraulics, hole size and wellbore cleaning

• Identification of drilling hazards

• Hole quality and zonal isolation


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Drilling Optimisation - Hole Stability


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Drilling Optimisation – Hole Stability

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Two (2) main stability components; a chemical and a

mechanical one

• Deformation can be used to calibrate the OMW, contributes to

distinguish the type of collapse mechanism (catastrophic, partial,…)

• Aid in the identification of potential troublesome formations where

certain operations/effects (swab & surge, reaming, ...) must be

controlled

• Contribute to the identification of the magnitude and location of rock-

fluid interaction effects


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Swab and Surge Effect - 30 Degrees

Range (MD) : 6205.00' - 7185.00'

Scale : 1:3000

Depth(ft)

6300

6400

6500

6600

6700

6800

6900

7000

7100

Fracture - Surge Effect5 20ppg

Fracture Pressure5 20ppg

Fracture - Swab Effect5 20ppg

Collapse - Surge Effect5 20ppg

Collapse Pressure5 20ppg

Collapse - Swab Effect5 20ppg

Group

Yahuara

ngo

SH

Basal Tena

Cachiyacu

Viv

ian

Chonta

Chonta

Lim

e

Cetico

AguaCaliente

Cuttings size prediction based on: • Hole collapse and hole size predictions

• Empirical model (Carles & Bryden 2000)

developed from 53 wells sample from NNS

Drilling Optimisation – Hydraulics And Hole Cleaning


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Drilling Optimisation – Hydraulics And Hole Cleaning

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Near wellbore deformation prediction

• Assesses the impact of drilling effects such as swab & surge,

changes in ECD and circulation rates

• Allows a more accurate prediction of the drill cuttings sizes and

volumes

• Drilling fluid type and properties can be optimised to enhance

cuttings transport and hydraulics (e.g. friction…)

• CFD methods can be used if higher accuracy is required for

optimisation of the hydraulics


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Wellbore Stability Validation - BaF-5 ST1

Range (MD) : 631.16m - 1800.01m

Scale : 1:7500

Depth[mMD]

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

Collapse Limit6 24ppg

Fracture Limit6 24ppg

Mud Weight6 24ppg

Group

Undiff

ere

ntia

ted

Mio

cene

Base

Cre

tato

us

Low

er

Unco

nfo

rmity

T1Sandstone

T2 S

andst

one

T3 S

andst

one

T4Sandstone

Plasticity Radius8 20inch

Bit Size8 20in

Caliper8 20in

Plasticity Radius - Zechstein Section

Range (MD) : 2626.00m - 3280.00m

Scale : 1:7500

Depth(m)

2800

3000

3200

Plasticity Radius - 11.3 MW12 16Inch




Plasticity Radius - 18.0 MW12 16inch




Brockelscheifer

Aller Halite

Roter Salzton

Leine Potash

LeineHalite

Hauptanhydrit

StassfurtHalite

Stassfurt Potash

BasalanhydritHauptdolomitWerraanhydrit

Drilling Optimisation – Hole Quality


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Radius of Plasticity - IDM 4

Range (MD) : 1030.00m - 1360.00m

Scale : 1:1500

Depth

(m)

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

Group

S4M5

S5F

M6

S6.2

M7

Rp

8 20inch

Bit Size

8 20Inch

Caliper

8 20inch

Drilling Optimisation – Hole Quality & Zonal Isolation

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• A hole drilled in-gauge does not

guarantee near wellbore mechanical

integrity

• Deformation is a permanent and

irreversible process

• Formation’s porosity and

permeability can change as a result

of near wellbore deformation


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Near Wellbore Deformation – Hole Quality & Zonal Isolation


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High UCS sand

Reduction in K

Increase in K

Drilling Optimisation – Hole Quality & Zonal Isolation

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• Zonal isolation might be

affected by the impact of

deformation on seal’s

integrity

• Cement bond might have

not failed but annular

communication is present

• Deformation might help to

overcome invasion and

skin

• Other problems such as

contamination of other

formations, casing

collapse or surface

pressures might occur


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Conclusions

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Using near wellbore deformation to optimise drilling operations is a robust and practical approach to enhance performance and reduce operational risk. It can be measured.

• The concept is widely used in other industries such as mining and civil engineering (tunnelling, dam construction)

• The deformation process consist of three (3) main steps: Compression, Dilatancy and Compaction

• It can be very effective in improving the accuracy of wellbore stability predictions, OMW and fluid design

• Identification of problematic zones can be highlighted so drilling procedures and operations can be improved

• Issues such as rock-fluid interaction, BHA manipulation and circulation rates all impact the magnitude and location of the deformation


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Conclusions

Presentation Devex 20140505 JC 18

• Hole quality and zonal isolation can benefit from near wellbore

deformation analysis as invasion and changes in petro-physical

properties can be identified and their impact on the finish wellbore

assessed

• Cementing systems might not be very effective zonal isolation in

areas of where near wellbore deformation is present

• The use of 2, 4 or multiple arm callipers allow a accurate

measurement of the deformation

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Using near wellbore deformation for drilling optimisation

19

Thank you for your attention

Any questions ?


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Documents

Using Wellbore Deformation To Optimize Drilling Performance...wall caused by the drilling process • Widely used in mining since the 19th century • Used in civil engineering applications