Using Verbs CorrectlyChapter 9

Principal Parts, Regular and Irregular Verbs, Tense, Voice, and Troublesome

Verbs

Basic Verb Forms and Tense

Section 1

Section 1: Basic Verb Forms

1. Base (stop)2. Present Participle (is stopping)– helping verb + base form + -ing

3. Past (stopped)– Base form + -d or -ed

4. Past Participle (have stopped)– helping verb + base form + -d or -ed

Your Turn

Use the verb work to form the base, present participle, past, and past participle for each sentence.

• I _________everyday. (base)• I _________everyday now. (pres. part.)• I _________everyday last week. (past)• I ________everyday since August. (past part.)

Section 1: Irregular Verbs

• An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in some other way other than adding –d or –ed.

• Ring• Rang• Rung • Refer to chart on pages 190-192

Section 1: Verb Tense

• The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or the state of being expressed by the verb. They are formed from the principal parts of verbs.

• The 6 tenses are:– Past– Present– Future– Past perfect– Present perfect– Future perfect

Past Tense

• Existing or happening in the past

I wrote a story last week.I played outside during recess.

I stopped the car suddenly when the dog ran into the road.

Present Tense

• Existing or happening now

I write stories all the time in class.I play outside during recess.

I stop the car when I see animals run into the road.

Future

• Existing or happening in the future

I will write a story next week for my language arts assignment.

I will play outside during recess today.I will stop the car if I see an animal run into the

road.

Your Turn

Tell if the following verbs are in past, present, or future tense.• She walked to school last week.• Timothy swims 100 laps everyday.• I will start on my homework after dinner.

Past Perfect

• Used with two events, both happening in the past, are discussed in time order

• Formed by combining the past tense of to have with the past participle

By the time class had ended, Jamal had recited part of the poem.

Present Perfect

• An event that begins in the past and continues to or ends in the present

• Formed by combining the present tense of to have with the past participle

The hungry crocodile has eaten the rabbit.

Future Perfect

• Existing or happening before a specified time in the future

In two weeks, the train shipment will have arrived.

Your Turn

Tell the following are in past perfect, present perfect, or future perfect tense.• By the time I had reached the car, I was soaked from the rain.• By this time next week, the grass will have grown 2 inches.• The little boy has skinned his knee twice this week.

Section 1: Consistency of Tense

• When describing events that occur at the same time, use verbs in the same tense.

Consistent: When we are comfortable, we begin homework.

Inconsistent: When we were comfortable, we begin our homework.

Section 2: Voice

• Active voice: expresses action being done by the subject

• Passive voice: expresses action being done to the subject

Active: The school librarian has formed a book club.

Passive: A book club has been formed by the school librarian.

Your Turn

• Tell if the following are in active or passive voice.

1. Trees were being blown over by the wind.2. The streetlights made scary shadows on the

sidewalk.3. The cave was explored by the scientists.

Independent Assignment

• Complete GUM pages 194-195 independently.• When directed, get into groups of 2 to discuss

your answers.• Review answers as a class.

Troublesome Verbs

• Lie and Lay• Sit and Set• Rise and Raise

Troublesome Verbs: Lie and Lay

• Lie means to rest or recline.

I need to lie down and rest.

• Lay means to place something somewhere.

Don’t forget to lay the towels across the chairs.

Present Participle

Past Tense Past Participle

Lie: Lying Lay Lain

Lay: Laying Laid laid

Your Turn

• Choose the correct form of lie or lay.1. Please ______ your chair back.2. He enjoys ______ in his hammock.3. Fluffy was ______ to rest in the pet cemetery.4. The students ______ their pencils on the

desk.

Troublesome Verbs: Sit and Set

• Sit means to rest or recline.

I need to sit down and rest.

• Set means to place something somewhere.

Don’t forget to set the towels across the chairs.

Present Participle

Past Tense Past Participle

Sit: Sitting Sat Sat

Set: Setting Set set

Your Turn

• Choose the correct form of sit or set.1. Please ______ your yourself down.2. He enjoys ______ in his hammock.3. Don’t forget to ____ the table.4. The students ______ their pencils on the

desk.

Troublesome Verbs: Rise and Raise

• Rise means to go up or get up. It does not take an object.

My neighbors are early risers.

• Raise means to lift up. It does take an object.

The breeze raised sparks into the air.

Present Participles

Past Tense Past Participle

Rise: Rising Rose Risen

Raise: Raising Raised Raised

Your Turn

• Choose the correct form of rise or raise.1. Please ______ your hand.2. The dogs _____ from their sleep.3. My temperature _____ when I was sick.4. She _____ her grade by doing her work.

Independent Practice

GUM page 196