VerbsGrammar: Monday

Learning Targets

I can define and identify verbs I can identify the difference between

Action and Linking Verbs I can identify and use correctly the

three verb tenses› Present, Past, and Future

I can use the Tense-Shift Test for Verbs I can recite and define this weeks

vocabulary

Verbs

A verb is a word used to express action or otherwise helps to make a statement.

Classes

Two classes of verbs› Action verbs (used to express action)› Linking verbs (help to make a statement)

Action Verbs

Large group Examples:

› Fred found his folder.› Rudolph wrote a riddle.› Sally scorched her skirt

Action verbs convey some action in which the subject was engaged.

Linking Verbs

Smaller group, but some are the most common.

Examples:› Sam is silly.› The soup smells good.› Larry looks upset.

Linking verbs DO NOT convey any activity on the part of the subject; they help describe the subject.

Practice Underline the verb and indicate

whether it is an Action or Linking Verb.

The ghost appeared in the hallway.

John felt sick after lunch.

Please stay in the house.

Jenny looks beautiful in that dress.

Answers

The ghost appeared in the hallway. (Action)

John felt sick after lunch. (Linking)

Please stay in the house. (Action)

Jenny looks beautiful in that dress. (Linking)

Vocabulary

Discarded: thrown away as useless

Shrill: high-pitched or piercing

Obligation: duty or responsibility

Imposed: compulsory or forced

Transposed: to change in form or nature

Reminder

Grammar and Vocabulary Quiz Friday!

Grammar: TuesdayLearning Targets I can define and identify verbs I can identify the difference between

Action and Linking Verbs I can identify and use correctly the

three verb tenses› Present, Past, and Future

I can use the Tense-Shift Test for Verbs I can recite and define this weeks

vocabulary

Defining Characteristic

All verbs must be capable of being used in the three verb tenses.

Tenses:› Present, Past, and Future

If a word cannot be used in these forms, it cannot be a verb.

Examples

Present:› Alfred answers the phone in the mornings.› Terry always tells the truth.

Past:› Alfred answered the phone.› Terry told the truth.

Future:› Alfred will answer the phone tomorrow.› Terry will tell the truth.

Present Tense Present-tense has a distinct -(e)s

ending.

This ending is ONLY used when the subject is one of the third-person singular pronouns he, she, it OR can be replaced by 3rd-Sg-Pro.

Present-tense Examples Examples

› John always answers every question. He

› Alice tells us when it is time to go. She

› The gauge on the left tells the pressure. It

Exceptions

Verb Irregular Third-Person Singular Form

be is

do does

have has

say says

Present-tense When the subject is NOT a third-person

singular pronoun (or a noun that can be replaced by one), the present tense has no distinctive form – it is the same as the base form.

Base form is also known as the dictionary form.

Examples› I answer the phone in the mornings.› You always tell the truth.

* Exception Be (base form); (present-tense forms) I am, You are, He/she/it

is etc…

Reminder

Grammar and Vocabulary Quiz Friday!

Grammar: Wednesday

Learning Targets I can define and identify verbs I can identify the difference between

Action and Linking Verbs I can identify and use correctly the three

verb tenses› Present, Past, and Future

I can use the Tense-Shift Test for Verbs I can recite and define this weeks

vocabulary

Past Tense

Past-tense has two different types; regular and irregular.

Past-tense Regular Verb Form

The regular verbs form their past tense by adding –(e)d.

Base Form Past-Tense Form

Pass Passed

Cough Coughed

Dread Dreaded

Smile Smiled

Turn Turned

Past-tense Irregular Verb Form The irregular verbs form their past tenses by changing their vowels, or by changing their vowels and adding –d or -t endings, OR are sometimes the same.

Base From Past-Tense Form

Dig Dug

Freeze Froze

Flee Fled

Say Said

Creep Crept

Leave Left

Bet Bet

Shut Shut

Past-tense Practice

Base From Past-tense Form

roll

ring

sell

teach

wet

Answers

Base From Past-tense Form

roll rolled

ring rang

sell sold

teach taught

wet wet

Reminder

Grammar and Vocabulary Quiz Friday!

Grammar: Thursday

Learning Targets I can define and identify verbs I can identify the difference between

Action and Linking Verbs I can identify and use correctly the three

verb tenses› Present, Past, and Future

I can use the Tense-Shift Test for Verbs I can recite and define this weeks

vocabulary

Future Tense

Future-tense is COMPLETELY regular; it consists of the helping verb will plus the base form of the verb.

Future-tense

Base From Future-Tense Form

answer will answer

bet will bet

catch will catch

do will do

go will go

see will see

Tense-shift Test for Verbs Shift the word into either the past-tense or

future-tense form. If the result is grammatical (and the meaning of the sentence has not been otherwise changed), then the word must be a verb.

Example› Noun: The chain is rusty.› Verb: We chain the dogs every night.

› Past tense: *The chained is rusty.› Future tense: *The will chain is rusty.

› Past tense: We chained the dogs every night.› Future tense: We will chain the dogs every

night.

What is so important about verbs?

The ability to recognize verbs is absolutely key to working out the grammar of sentences.

The fact that only verbs can be shifted to the past or future tense provides an easy and completely reliable way to identify verbs.

Practice

Underline the verbs in the following sentences. Confirm your answer by using the tense-shift test.

The wheels slide into that groove.› The wheels slide into that groove.› Confirmation: Past: slid Future: will slide

1. They score more points in the second half.2. The cookies have too much sugar in them.3. Time and tide wait for no man.4. Rolling stones gather no moss.

Answers

1. They score more points in the second half. (Past: scored Future: will score)

2. The cookies have too much sugar in them. (Past: had Future: will have)

3. Time and tide wait for no man. (Past: waitedFuture: will wait)

4. Rolling stones gather no moss. (Past: gathered Future: will gather)

Reminder

Grammar and Vocabulary Quiz Tomorrow!

Grammar: Friday

Half sheet of paper

Grammar Quiz1. What is a verb? Define

2. Identify the two classes of verbs.

3. What are the three verb tenses?

4. Underline the verbs in the following sentences…

1. South-bound trains usually depart from Platform 2.

2. The aches and pains persist for several days.3. Grammarians classify words by part of speech

categories.

Vocabulary Quiz

1. ____________: thrown away as useless

2. Shrill: ___________________________

3. ___________: to change in form or nature

4. 5. ____________: duty or responsibility

6. Imposed: _______________________

Grammar Quiz Answers1. A verb is a word used to express action or

otherwise helps to make a statement.

2. Action and Linking Verbs

3. Present, Past, and Future-tense

4. Underlining…

1. South-bound trains usually depart from Platform 2.

2. The aches and pains persist for several days.3. Grammarians classify words by part of speech

categories.

Vocabulary Quiz Answers

1. Discarded: thrown away as useless

2. Shrill: high-pitched or piercing

3. Transposed: to change in form or nature

4. Obligation: duty or responsibility

5. Imposed: compulsory or forced