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Using the NUMEM 293mm

Filtration Skid

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CROSS SECTION

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FRONT VIEW

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Introduction

This chapter describes the NUMEM MACHINE. Topics include what the NUMEM

MACHINE does and how it works. This chapter also includes a brief description of the

MACHINE filtration machine components and process capabilities.

What the NUMEM Does

The NUMEM filtration is a unique solid-liquid separation device that delivers high-

concentration retentates oscillating process. As a liquid is pumped through a stack of

filtration membranes, the membrane stack oscillates, creating high-shear conditions at the

membrane surface.

The high shear at the membrane surface facilitates the separation process. The design of the

NUMEM filtration machine is such that it can produce these high-shear conditions with low

energy input. In addition, the low retentate circulation rates provide a gentle separation

process.

You can integrate the NUMEM filtration into your existing process, in which case, your

existing process equipment provides the feed and flow control.

You can also use the NUMEM filtration machine with a NUMEM control skid. The

NUMEM control skid provides the tanks, pumps, piping, and control instrumentation to

feed liquids into the filtration skid and recover or recirculate the filtrate and retentate.

Depending on system or space requirements, a separate tank skid may be constructed and

connected to the system, or the tank may be a part of the control skid.

The NUMEM control skid may include either a Flowrox peristaltic hose pump ,Vertical

multistage centrifugal pumps,Progresivity cavity or an appropriate pump for high-

pressure process applications.

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Filter Stack and Media

The filter stack consists of plates membrane with 20 layers of filter membranes sandwiched

in between spacers and gaskets.

The filter stack is the active site of concentration and fluid separation. The oscillating action

of the Numem generates shear at the membrane surface to maximize the desired process

separation.

Piping

Feed Lines

The stainless steel feed lines are attached to the housing base and using sanitary fittings.

Permeate Line

The permeate line exits from the bottom of themachine. Permeate (that portion of the feed

stream that passed through the membrane) leaves the membrane housing assembly by

flowing into the hollow center .

Retentate Lines

The retentate lines exit from the side of the housing base. They provide an outlet for the

concentrated feed stream to leave the housing.

Process Capabilities

The NUMEM filtration skid is designed to operate within these specifications:

Operating Pressure—14 bar maximum feed pressure. We could design for more pressure

Operating Flow Rates—Retentate flow is typically 230 l/m maximum. Permeate flow rate

will depend upon the specific production application.

Operating Temperature—70° C maximum process fluid temperature.

Frecuency 60Hz and Amplitude—19mm at 609.6mm. The frecuency is variable but the

amplitude is not.

Operating pH—2-13 for PTFE and PES membranes, and 3-10 for NF membranes.

We could supply many others membrane

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Introduction

These instructions provide information on the basic requirements for the installation of a

NUMEM filtration skid. Install this unit under the supervision of the appropriate personnel

from NUMEM.

Determining a Suitable Location

The attached engineering drawings describe the dimensions of the NUMEM MACHINE

SKID. Dimensions are 452mm x 452mm x 986mm. Typical installations require a 2m x 2m

area, but that can vary considerably depending upon the application.

Provide electrical service from a nearby, approved, power safety disconnect switch rated at

230 VAC, 3-phase, 60 Hz, with four wires (one of which is a ground) carrying a 20 A supply

(or 220/380/440 volts, 50 Hz and 3-phase for use in Europe).

Facility and Environmental Requirements

The unit (with the filter stack installed) weighs about 300 pounds.

Gather Special Tools

Gather the following equipment:

Appropriate tanks, pump, and temperature control devices may require installation.

Forklift with a capacity of 4,000 lbs.

Preparing Utilities and Hardware

Heat Exchanger Supply Requirements (optional)

A heat exchanger can be used to control the temperature of your process stream to heat or

cool the fluid during a concentration process or cleaning cycle. Use either steam, cold water

or glycol to achieve the heating or cooling effect desired.

System Electrical Input Requirements

Model NUMEM MARK1 : 1-phase, 230 VAC, 50 or 60 Hz,

NUMEM electrical specification: 230V, 60 Hz, 1-phase, 20 Amp

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Process Interconnections to the NUMEM MARK 1

Feed inlet -1 ½ in [38.1mm] Sanitary Clamp.

Retentate outlet – 1 ½ inch[38.1mm] Sanitary Clamp.

Permeate outlet -1 ½ inch[38.1] Sanitary Clamp.

Introduction

Overview of the Complete System

The NUMEM OSCILLATION DRIVER is pending patent, membrane-based filtration

technology that provides the ability to accomplish separations that are not efficiently or

effectively possible with conventional cross flow membrane systems.

The NUMEM TECHNOLOGY [N.T.] efficiently generates mechanical shear with

oscillation, rather than by pumping high volumes of re-circulating fluid across the

membrane, as is typical in a cross flow systems. The oscillation disc filter stack membrane

surface with a spacer mounting on standard housing.

The surface shear created by the NUMEM OSCILLATION process prevents fouling of the

membrane and allows the system to produce retentate streams with high-solid

concentrations, that is, desired materials penetrate the membrane at a high flow rate.

N.T.filtration is a pressure driven filtration technique in which a solution is force through a

porous membrane.Some of the dissolved solids are held back because their molecular size or

combine molecular is too large to allow them to pass through, the size depending upon

membranenes used and the frequency of the oscillation. This is important for critical

separations during both production processing, and especially during membrane cleaning

and CIP (clean-in-place).

Benefits of the NUMEM System

The N.T. provides new opportunities for efficient and effective separations, with up to 22

times the shear with far less energy consumption than conventional cross flow systems.

The enhanced ability to clean the N.T.System allows for quick and efficient recovery of the

membrane both during processing and for subsequent production runs.

Since all the oscillation energy is focused on the membrane surface, very little energy is lost

to the bulk fluid, thus the N.T. low-operating energies achieve high-energy efficiency. This

makes the N.T. technology applicable for:

Low-solid applications that are typically handled by cross flow systems.

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High-solid applications, which cannot be handled by static cross flow systems (and are

usually handled by centrifuges and filtration systems that use a filter aid pre-coat such as

rotary vacuum filters).

High pressure application, which are typically handled by filter press system.

High temperature that are handled by evaporator

Membrane Types Used

We are testing microporous membrane like

1- PTFE

2- PES

3- POLYCARBONATE

4- CELLULOSE ACETATE

Most N.T. applications use a microporous PTFE membrane,PES membrane, UF or a

nanofiltration thin-film composite membrane material offering high throughput, and in most

cases, a simple clean-up procedure.

Methods of Developing Shear

Shear is one of the most important criteria for most membrane separations.

Generating Shear via Conventional Cross Flow

In conventional cross flow systems the maximum velocity, and the maximum shear is

centered in the middle of the membrane channel. This is similar to a pipe, where the

maximum velocity and flow is in the center of the pipe.

As the flow approaches the pipe or channel wall, velocity and flow decrease significantly,

often reaching laminar conditions. There is much less shear at the wall of the channel than in

the center of the channel. The only way to increase shear at the surface is to increase the rate

of pumping through the entire channel, however, all of the velocity and shear in the center

of the channel is wasted energy.

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How N.T. Develops OSCILLATION Shear

In short, shear on the N.T. is created by gear box. The goal of this design is to maximize the

oscillation frequency of disc [in the filter housing] and provide optimal shear at the

membrane surface.

On the N.T. filtration skid, the membrane stack [609.6mm dia] oscillates at 19.05mm

amplitud(is not variable), the frequency is variable [0 to 80hz]. Because the actual membrane

is moving with respect to the fluid in the channel, the shear rate is very high at the

membrane surface. The shear generated in the N.T. is actually app. 22 times greater than

found in conventional cross flow systems. Higher shear usually results in higher flow, or

much more consistent flow, because the pores remain open longer for filtration. The

cleaning is easier and less frecuent.

Benefits of N.T. Oscillating Shear

Higher shear usually results in higher flow, or much more consistent flow, because the pores

remain open longer for filtration. The cleaning is easier and less frecuent. The N.T.’s unique

oscillation separates the shear rate from the pumping, velocity, and pressures needed for

adequate cross flow. By using the N.T; the shear rate is an independent variable that is no

longer dependent on cross flow velocity. For critical separations the independent operating

pressure and cross flow velocity allow for the selection of the best operating pressure for

optimum product passage.

In addition, because this cross flow velocity is separated from the shear at the membrane

surface, channel height in a membrane configuration is no longer critical.

This allows for high solids feed, reduced pre-filtration requirements (more feed debris to be

present), but the real benefit is the capability of concentrating to much higher final solids

concentration. Higher concentration means higher yield for most membrane separations.

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Machine Specifications

Materials of Construction (wetted areas) Housing: 316L Spacers and O-Rings: EPDM / Silicone / 316 SS Element Support Plate: 316L

Membrane Components 6 sq. ft. nominal per filtration layer, yielding 120 sq. ft./machine total. Element Membrane: PTFE, PES, PCTE, CELLUSE ACETATE Bonding/Sealing Materials: polyethylene, PPS, and copolymers.

Size Foot print: 452mm x 452m x 985mm Include the housing[see dwg] The are 2m x 2m

Weight Base machine +hsg: app 140kls.

Electrical – Supply by continent 230 V, 60 Hz, 1-phase, 20 Amp (US) 220/380/440 V, 50 Hz, 1-phase (Europe)

Electrical Specification – Component requirements Motor: 1 ½ HP, 1745 RPM 143 T frame, 3 phase 50/60 Hz. Input Power: 1-phase, 230 volts, 50/60 Hz, 20A

Pipe Fittings Either Swagelok or sanitary Tri-Clover fittings

Operating Specifications

Operating Pressure High Pressure Option: 14bar maximum feed pressure Standard Option: 10bar maximum feed pressure Other pressure options available.

Operating Flow Rate Ranges Retentate flow up to 250 LPM maximum. Permeate flow up to 50 LPM maximum.

Operating Temperature Maximum Process Temp.: 70° C process fluid temperature

Amplitude 20mm [at 600mm dia.] Frecuency 60hz

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Biocompatibility Summary for Wetted Surfaces

Polyethersulfone

Listed with National Sanitation Foundation for food-zone applications up to 250°F.

Meets FDA 21 CFR, part 177.2240 for contact with food up to 250°F.

USP Class VI plastic at 121°C, 1 hour.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Meets FDA 21 CFR, part 177.1550 for contact with food up to 250°F.

USP Class VI plastic at 121°C, 1 hour.

Polyethylene (High Density)

Meets FDA 21 CFR, part 177.1520 for contact with food up to 250°F.

USP Class VI plastic at 121°C, 1 hour.

Ethylene-Propylene Rubber (EPDM)

Meets FDA 21 CFR, part 177.2600 for contact with food up to 250°F.

Polyethylene-Terephthalate (PET)

Meets FDA 21 CFR, part 177.1630 for contact with food up to 250°F.

USP Class VI plastic at 121°C, 1 hour.

Polyphenylene Sulfide

Meets FDA 21 CFR, part 177.2490 for contact with food up to 250°F.

304/316L Stainless Steel

Generally recognized as safe.

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Chemical Compatibility

Chemical compatibility varies depending upon the type of membrane (Table 1). Wetted parts

are constructed of 316SS.

Table 1. Chemical compatibility and operating specifications

Membrane Type

PTFE Membrane

PES Membrane

NF Membrane

Temperature Range (oC):

Continuous 70

70

70

During Cleaning 70 70 70

pH Range: Continuous

2–13

2–13

3–10

Chemical Compatibility

Weak Mineral Acids Good Good Good

Strong Mineral Acids Fair Fair Poor

Oxidants (Continuous) Good Fair Poor

Oxidants (During Cleaning) 200 ppm Cl max 200 ppm Cl max Poor

Weak Alkalis Good Good Good

Strong Alkalis 1% max 1% max 0.1% max

Alcohols Good Good Good

Ketones Poor Poor Poor

Esters Fair Fair Fair

Ethers Good Good Good

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Poor Poor Poor

Aromatic Hydrocarbons Poor Poor Poor

Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Methyl Chloride, chloroform, etc)

Fair

Poor

Poor

Oils (vegetable, mineral, animal)

Fair-Good Fair-Good Fair-Good

Si-based Defoamers Poor Poor Poor

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Glossary

ARP Average Retentate Pressure: A pressure value calculated as:

ARP =

2

RETENTATEFEED PP

Where: PFEED = the feed pressure PRETENTATE = the retentate pressure

This value is calculated when the Feed Pump is running and the Permeate Valve is closed.

CF See Concentration Factor.

Concentrate The portion of the feed stream that does not pass through the membrane. See Retentate.

Concentration Factor

The degree to which the feed stream is concentrated: CF = Errore.= Errore. Where: Vo = initial volume (including holdup) Vcon = concentrated volume R= % recovery

DF Diafiltration: A process unit operations step in which tangential flow filtration occurs adding buffer to the retentate system to maintain constant volume and achieve a washing effect.

Differential Pressure

The difference between the pressure gauge readings at the inlet and the outlet of the cartridge. The higher the cartridge pressure differential the higher the flow rate at the retentate side of the membrane.

PA=Pin-Pout

Also called the Axial Pressure Drop.

Feed The fluid stream entering the ultra filtration system. Also called the feed stream.

Flux Rate at which the permeate flows through the membrane, usually expressed in gallons per square foot of membrane per day (GSFD).

Units: Errore.or Errore.

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Gel layer A layer of highly concentrated or precipitated solids, usually of high molecular weight, adjacent to the active surface of an operating ultra filtration membrane. The gel layer permeability, rather than the membrane permeability often controls flux.

Molecular weight cutoff

The membrane specification describing the nominal rejection of a known feed solute.

NWP Normalized Water Permeability: A term referring to a measure of the porosity of a membrane.

Percent Recovery The ratio of permeate flow to feed flow.

Permeate The portion of the feed stream that passes through the membrane. See product.

PID Proportional Integral Derivative: Acronym referring to proportional-integral-derivation close loop control.

PLC Programmable Logic Controller: Acronym referring to a programmable device used for logic and sequential control.

Product recovery The volume fraction of the feed stream that becomes permeate.

R = Errore.

Pyrogen Any substance which causes a temperature rise when injected into the body, usually lipospolysaccharides (LPS).

Retentate The portion of the feed stream that does not pass through the membrane.

Recovery Rate The amount of permeate collected as a percent of the feed stream.

Rejection Rate Ratio of solute concentration in the feed stream to solute concentration in the membrane permeate stream.

Reverse osmosis A filtration process that uses pressure (above osmotic pressure) to force small molecular weight species (usually water) through a semi-permeable membrane against the concentration gradient (from the region of low concentration toward the region of higher concentration).

Tangential flow A filtration method which uses a pump to gently circulate the fluid through the membrane cassette. Tangential flow over the membrane surface minimizes concentration polarization and membrane fouling and therefore helps to optimize otherwise difficult filtration processes.

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TP Transmembrane Pressure (TMP): A pressure valve calculated as:

TMP =

PERMEATEPERMEATE

RETENTATEFEED PARPPPP

2

Where: PFEED = the feed pressure PRETENTATE = the retentate pressure PPERMEATE = the permeate pressure ARP = Average Retentate Pressure

This value is the average pressure difference across the membrane surface and is calculated when the Feed Pump is running and the Permeate Valve is open.

Ultra Filtration A process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate relatively large molecular weight solutes from a feed stream.

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Use this page for notes.