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Using Nature’s Notebook to track seasonal & long term environmental change
Nature’s rhythms:
LoriAnne Barnett
Education Coordinator
September 25, 2015
LIFE CYCLE BINGO!
Opening Activity
Objectives of today’s workshop: Define phenology and explain its
applicability to understanding changes in the natural world
Understand the importance of record-keeping.
Understand long-term phenology monitoring.
Apply phenology!
Learn where to find resources to get started.
Objectives for the follow-up workshop on October 24 @9:00 am: Demonstrate how to select a physical site for
monitoring phenology
Demonstrate how to select plants and animals for monitoring.
Demonstrate how to make high-quality observations on phenophases based on USA-NPN protocols.
Apply phenology!
Just to be clear…
phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on
measurements of the human skull and size of
the brain
phOnology – a branch of linguistics concerned with the
organization of sounds in language
What do I KNOW about PHENOLOGY?!What do I WANT TO KNOW?
THINK, PAIR, SHARE5 minutes
Activity 2
PHENOLOGY
What is phenology?
The science of the seasons• Blooms and buds• Hibernation, migration,
emergence• Easy to observe
Photo credit: L. Barnett
…it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life-cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions.
Photo credit: P. Warren
Who observes phenology?• Scientists
• Gardeners/Agriculturists• Land managers
• Educators• Youth
Photo credit: C. Enquist
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
Reproduction Development MethodActivity
ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect
Flowers FruitsLeaves
PLANT
Observable life cycle events orPHENOPHASES
PLANT LIFE CYCLE
GREEN GROWTHRequires Optimum Conditions
FLOWER
SET SEED
American kestrelFalco sparverius
Reproduction
©Wikimedia Commons
©Wikimedia Commons
Reproduction
Active
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Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Why are the timing of life-cycleevents important?
• SEASONAL CHANGE
• Species interrelations
Shifting weather and climate affect all of these
Vegetable Gardening
"Bag
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Photo credit: E. Stemmy
• Feeding times• Following brackish
waters• Water
temperature• Spawning times
related to temp - 55° - 68° F in Chesapeake Bay. April peak?
Chesapeake Bay Spring Season for Striped Bass = May 16 – June 16
Understanding outdoor recreation schedules
Land management decisions
Imag
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UNDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND LANDSCAPES ARE
RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE.
Primary goal• Create a standardized, long-term
dataset for use in multiple types of research.
Mission• Make phenology data, models
and related information available.
• Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology.
Photo credit: C. Enquist
Phot
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edit:
L. R
oman
o
OBSERVATIONS
Record keeping
Using nature as a guide
Tradition and Lore
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/
“Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each
recurring full moon.”
November -Beaver Moon
February – Full Worm Moon
May – Full Flower Moon
Phot
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B. P
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Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise noted Photo credit: L. Barnett
September – Harvest Moon
Garden re-created
Photo credit: Monticello
Cloned lilac program
HISTORIC LILAC NETWORKESTABLISHED IN THE
1950S
SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Photo credit: L. Barnett
https://www.usanpn.org/nn/cloned-lilacs
INSERT LOCAL PHENOLOGY STORY, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SEASONAL EVENTS HERE.
Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel
Observing the same individual through the seasons
Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel
Observing the same individual through the seasons
INTRODUCTION TO OBSERVATION45 minutes
Activity 3
ECOLOGY
Phenology
WeatherDay-to-day changes in the
Earth’s atmosphere.
Climate is what you expect…
…weather is what you get.-Mark Twain
ClimateLong-term average
of dailyweather in a given
area.
It is about… …time
Ecology
Distribution Abiotic
Biotic
Climate
Abundance
http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/
Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years
Climate Zones for the WestAlso account for:
• Latitude• Hills and Valleys• Elevation• Ocean influence (humidity)• Continental air• Precipitation • Microclimates
ww
w.s
unse
t.co
m/g
arde
n/cl
imat
e-zo
nes/
Mile 1
Mile 5
Mile 4
Mile 3
Mile 2
Desert scrub
Scrub grassland
Oak woodland
Oak-pinewoodland
Pineforest
800 mm
300 mm
10 ºC
20 ºC
Annu
al A
vera
ge P
reci
pita
tion
Annu
al A
vera
ge T
empe
ratu
re
Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient
Slide courtesy of T. M. Crimmins
BIOMES –World’s Major Communities Classified by major vegetation, adaptations to environment
Aquatic
Grassland
Desert
Forest
Tundra
Optimum conditions=NICHE
http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf
Life Zones
Biodiversity
Why is climate important to ecology and phenology??
Ecology
Climate drives what occurs where, what lives where, and how those species respond to their environment.
PHENOLOGY
Climate change
Earlier Bloom Times
Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004
http:
//w
ww
.sou
thw
estc
limat
echa
nge.
org/
impa
cts/
land
/phe
nolo
gy
Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007.
Phenology and Climate ChangeResearch, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
English Oak
Winter Moth
Pied Flycatcher
Bot
h et
al.
2006
Nat
ure
EARLIER
SAME TIME EACH YEAR
EARLIER
www.globalchange.gov
What to expect :
Drought
Increased heat
Decreased water flow
Rising sea levels
Extreme Events
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov
Possible solutions
Understand Species Response
Mitigation
Adaptation
Climate Change and
Watersheds:
Decreased stream flow
Change in species
Increased nutrient load
http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/climatechange/ccwatershed.htm
Possible actions
Monitor health of watershed
Mitigation to limit impacts of pollutants
Alternative water supply
Why is a changing climate problematic?
Ecology
CHANGES in:
• Arrival, birth, feeding
• Shifting range boundaries Changing morphology
• Extirpation or Extinction
• Economic impacts
http://www.ipcc.ch/
OBSERVATIONS
Shared for science
Citizen science … scientific research conducted, in whole or in part,
by amateurs or nonprofessionals public participation in scientific research (also known as) crowd science, crowd-sourced
science, or networked science
Quercus alba, Q. falcata, D. Hartel
Phot
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L. R
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• ~5,700 active observers• ~7,500 active sites• 5.9M+ records • Lilac data from 1956• 1016 taxa from 2009
MakingObservations
Reproduction Development MethodActivity
ANIMAL
Active individuals
Feeding
Male combat Mating
Young individuals
Dead individuals
Individuals at a feeding station
Flowers FruitsLeaves
Young leaves Leaves Colored leaves
Flowers or flower buds
Open flowers
Ripe fruits Recent seed
or fruit drop
PLANT
PHENOPHASES
…How Many?
YES
NO
?
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Imag
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Pat
ty G
uert
in
One or more open, fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between or within unfolded or open flower parts (petals, floral tubes or sepals). Do not include wilted or dried flowers.
Do you see…open flowers?
Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Imag
e cr
edit:
Pat
ty G
uert
in
What percentage of all fresh flowers are open?
Select the most appropriate binWrite the bin number on the line
Less than 5%
5% - 24%
25% - 49%
50% - 74%
75% - 94%
95% or more
Imag
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Pat
ty G
uert
in
Acorn Woodpecker
Photo from All About Birds
Breaking leaf buds
Leaves
Increasing leaf size Colored leaves
Flowers or Flower Buds
Open Flowers
Fruits
Ripe Fruits
Recent fruit or seed drop
DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES
Data IN
Enter Observations Online
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps!
Data OUT
http://www.usanpn.org/data/visualizations
https://www.usanpn.org/results/data
DATA DOWNLOAD
Results
"Snowman on frozen lake" by Petritap - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons.
"Spring in Somerville, NJ - 2012 File 3" by Siddharth Mallya - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons
"Owoce wisni" by Nova - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons By Hans [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J
7 day average
61 years
2-3 week average
1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W.
Sandhill crane and geese
NEXT STEPS
Resources and upcoming events
www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines
Resources and upcoming events
https://www.usanpn.org/nn/connect/project
Resources and upcoming events
October 24 from 9:00 am until noon
Objectives for the follow-up workshop on October 24 @9:00 am: Demonstrate how to select a physical site for
monitoring phenology
Demonstrate how to select plants and animals for monitoring.
Demonstrate how to make observations on phenophases based on USA-NPN protocols.
Apply phenology!
What did I LEARN about PHENOLOGY?
Closing Activity
EVALUATION
And feedback
Objectives of today’s workshop: Define phenology and explain its
applicability to understanding changes in the natural world
Understand the importance of record-keeping.
Understand long-term phenology monitoring.
Apply phenology!
Learn where to find resources to get started.
Explore tagged plants and make observations outside
10 minutes
Activity 5 – Time Permitting
Connect with USA-NPN…
• Become an observer
• Discover new tools and resources
• Visit a local phenology trail
LoriAnne [email protected]
www.facebook.com/USANPN
www.pinterest.com/USANPN
www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett
www.instagram/tucson_phenology_trail
