ushmm

The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or

reckless destruction of life

http://www.ushmm.org

1933-1945Historical Context of The HolocaustHistorical Context of The Holocaust

1933-1945


1933-1945

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism






The Protocols of the Elders of Zionhttp://www.ushmm.org

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/index.php?ModuleId=10007058

Henry Ford


http://lexikon.idgr.de/f/f_o/ford-henry/dearborn-independent.php

1933-1945Karl Lueger (1844-1907)

Mayor of Vienna

Karl Lueger (1844-1907)

Mayor of Vienna

“If Dr. Karl Lueger had lived in Germany, he would have been ranked among the great minds of our people.”

-Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf


1933-1945Beer Hall Putsch

Nov. 9, 1923Beer Hall Putsch

Nov. 9, 1923


“In 1935, the sixteen dead were moved from separate graves to a pair of “Honor Temples” in Munich where they took up “eternal watch.” It was as if they had been born again. Flags that formerly had flown at half mast were now at full mast. The New York Times correspondent observed that Munich was celebrating “not a funeral but a triumph.” As the names of the sixteen were called in a last roll call before the Honor Temples, the assembled crowd of thousands answered “here” to each name.” Bending Spines p. 21


Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

• “Mein Kampf” means “My Struggle”; Hitler wrote it while in prison in the 1920’s

• Still banned in most European countries• Given to every newly married German couple

from the late 1930’s onward

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFHitler’s MEIN KAMPF


• “The relation of the Jews to prostitution and, even more, to the white-slave traffic, could be studied in Vienna…When thus for the first time I recognized the Jew as the cold-hearted, shameless, and calculating director of this revolting vice traffic in the scum of the big city, a cold shudder ran down my back.” (p. 59)

• “Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord.” (p. 65)



“On this first and greatest lie, that the Jews are not a race, but a religion, more and more lies are based in necessary consequence.” (p. 307)


1933-1945

1933-19451933-1945http://www.ushmm.org

1933-19451933

Hitler becomes Chancellor

1933Hitler becomes

Chancellor



1933-1945March 22, 1933

Dachau Concentration Camp

March 22, 1933Dachau

Concentration Camp

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Dachau Gates

1933-1945April 1, 1933

Boycott of Jewish Businesses

April 1, 1933Boycott of Jewish

Businesses



1933-1945May 10, 1933

Book BurningsMay 10, 1933

Book Burnings



Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin City Center

1933-1945

Night of the Long KnivesJune 30, 1934

Night of the Long KnivesJune 30, 1934

"If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people."

"It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot."


1933-1945Sept. 10, 1935

Nuremberg LawsSept. 10, 1935

Nuremberg Laws




http://www.ushmm.org: Jewish children being hidden in plain sight

http://www.ushmm.org/

http://www.ushmm.org/

1933-1945August 1-16, 1936

Summer Olympics in Berlin

August 1-16, 1936Summer Olympics in

Berlin


1933-1945July 1938

Evian ConferenceJuly 1938

Evian Conference


1933-1945October 1938Deportations

Begin

October 1938Deportations

Begin

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin Deportation Station


1933-1945November 7, 1938Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath

November 7, 1938Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath

'Being a Jew is not a crime. I am not a dog. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on this earth. Wherever I have been I have been chased like an animal.'9

--Herchel Grynszpan


1933-1945November 9, 1938

Kristallnacht-“The Night of the Broken Glass”

November 9, 1938Kristallnacht-

“The Night of the Broken Glass”




http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/kristallnacht/img6pic.htm

1933-1945

May 1939S.S. St. Louis

May 1939S.S. St. Louis



http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/stlouis/story/voyage/index.htm

1933-1945Sept. 1, 1939

WWII Begins:Blitzkreig:

“Lightning War”

Sept. 1, 1939WWII Begins:

Blitzkreig:“Lightning War”




• “The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one’s name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans…I do not think that reading is desirable.”

• --May 1940

Heinrich Himmler on Polish EducationHeinrich Himmler on Polish Education

1933-1945October 1939T-4/Euthanasia

Program“Mercy Killing”

October 1939T-4/Euthanasia

Program“Mercy Killing”


Slide taken from a Nazi propaganda filmstrip, promoting "euthanasia," prepared for the Hitler Youth. The caption says: "Mentally ill Negro (English) 16 years in an institution costing 35,000 RM [Reichsmarks]." __________United States Holocaust Memorial Museum



“The construction of a lunatic asylum costs 6 million marks. How many houses at 15,000 marks each could have been built for that amount?”

German Education: Math ProblemsGerman Education: Math Problems

Buses used to transport patients to Hadamar euthanasia center. The windows were painted to prevent people from seeing those inside. Germany, between May and September 1941.__________Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden



1933-1945Summer 1941Killing Squads:Einsatzgruppen

“task forces or intervention groups”

Summer 1941Killing Squads:Einsatzgruppen

“task forces or intervention groups”


1933-1945

December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor


1933-1945January 20, 1942Wannsee

Conference

January 20, 1942Wannsee

Conference

Reinhard Heydrich, chief of SD (Security) Service



The Jews were seen as a problem to be taken care of, and so the solution to the Jewish problem was the code name of the

Final Solution:

To exterminate all Jews from the face of the earth. There were even plans to eliminate all Jews in the United States.

The Final SolutionThe Final Solution

1933-1945February 19, 1942Executive Order

9066

February 19, 1942Executive Order

9066

http://www.epodunk.com/top10/diaspora/japanese-internment-camps.html

http://www.epodunk.com/top10/diaspora/japanese-internment-camps.html

1933-1945Summer 1942Deportations to

camps and killing centers begin

Summer 1942Deportations to

camps and killing centers begin


• Concentration Camps-Jews were selected on arrival to either work or be killed in gas chambers.

• Killing Centers were camps with gas chambers where Jews didn’t go through a selection but were killed right away.

Different Kinds of Camps:Different Kinds of Camps:



Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station



1933-19451942

Camp Life… and Death

1942Camp Life… and

Death

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz I Guard Tower

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Entrance

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum



Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Gas Chamber





1933-1945

April-October 1943 Rebellion

April-October 1943 Rebellion

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Treblinka Memorial

Warsaw ghetto uprisinghttp://www.ushmm.org

1933-1945December 1944Death MarchesDecember 1944Death Marches


1933-1945

January-May1945: Liberation

January-May1945: Liberation





1933-1945

April 30, 1945Death of HitlerApril 30, 1945Death of Hitler


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Stars_%26_Stripes_%26_Hitler_Dead2.jpg

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Hitler’s Bunker Map

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Above Hitler’s Bunker

1933-1945May 8, 1945Surrender of

Germany

May 8, 1945Surrender of

Germany


1933-1945October 18, 1945-October 1, 1946

Nuremberg Trials

October 18, 1945-October 1, 1946

Nuremberg Trials



Guilty: 12- sentenced to death; 3- life imprisonment; four- 10-20 years in prison

Innocent: 3 were acquitted

Nuremberg Trial ConvictionsNuremberg Trial Convictions

1933-1945November 13-

December 14, 1945Dachau Trials

November 13-December 14, 1945

Dachau Trials


Guilty: 40 Nazi war criminals found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging

Innocent: none

Dachau Trial ConvictionsDachau Trial Convictions


1933-1945

May 14, 1948Israel: A New State

May 14, 1948Israel: A New State



6, 000, 000

Number of Jews Murdered:Number of Jews Murdered:

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Gypsies Murdered:Number of Gypsies Murdered:

220, 000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Handicapped Murdered:Number of Handicapped Murdered:

200,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Polish People Murdered:Number of Polish People Murdered:

1,900,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:Number of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:

3, 300, 000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Homosexuals Murdered:Number of Homosexuals Murdered:

15,000 (estimate only)

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:Number of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:

2, 500

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Political Prisoners Murdered:Number of Political Prisoners Murdered:

25,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Black Europeans Murdered:Number of Black Europeans Murdered:

1,000 (estimate)

1933-1945“Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the

things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your

children’s children.”Deuteronomy 4:9

“Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the

things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your

children’s children.”Deuteronomy 4:9

Documents

ushmm