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5.DESIGN/EVALUATION

User feedback from prototyping interviews“If it works like a watch, it could replace my watch”“Would wear it all day if it looks good enough”“It should make a sound/beep to indicate heart rate reached”“Should also have a vibrate signal, because of outdoor noises”“Live heart rate feedback in a visual form”“Would prefer to check my progress on separate device”

Evaluation ProcessRequirements-driven paper prototypes

Cognitive walkthroughs to re!ne ideas

Interviewees evaluated prototypes

Interface designs re!ned through feedback

4.REQUIREMENTSUser Requirements1. Must be present when user is active.2. Motivates user towards increased exertion to meet guideline

targets.3. Calculates and presents optimal exertion targets to user

based on personal data.4. O"ers degrees of motivation, depending on user's

preference at the time.5. System is not technologically intimidating for target group.6. Provides clear feedback during activity via tone and/or

vibration, which can be muted.7. Displays daily and weekly progress towards 'active' levels on

command; and as motivation, at beginning and end of day.8. Un-prompted motivation must be unobtrusive; must not

make unreasonable demands of the user.9. Portable device must not be crowded; requires separate

device for detailed interactions, data input and charging.10. Portable device must be aesthetically pleasing; adaptable

appearance to suit user's preferences.

2.USER RESEARCHInterviewsWe used semi-structured interviews to explore the behaviours and attitudes of retired adults towards exercise.

After coding the transcripts, we found most respondents:

However, analysis of the results showed, through lack of exercise intensity or duration, that 80% of interviewees failed to qualify as 'active' under NHS guidelines2.

2. The General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ, 2009)

3.USER RESEARCHPersonas

Pam, 60secretary 3 years ago. She lives with her husband in a small town outside London. She likes to get up early, and has a fairly organised daily routine. Pam goes swimming twice a week with her

to run small errands, Pam usually walks.

Archibald, 66 Retired from the Post O#ce 8 years ago. His wife is also retired, and they have three grown up children. An early riser who strolls to the paper shop each morning, he plays badminton

coastal path walks with his wife.

Problem ScenariosPam goes for country walks with her husband on the weekends, but she doesn't feel like she's getting the most out of them; recently, her grandchildren have been tearing ahead of her down the park. She's not sure what she can do to improve her !tness, as her week is busy enough already.

Archibald considers himself active for his age but in his weekly badminton sessions he's been taking longer breaks between games. He likes to use this time to catch up with his friends, although he's noticed it’s harder to keep up with the younger players.

Target Group

ProblemMembers of the target group do not meet NHS exercise targets1, despite considering themselves active.

Literature ReviewMaterials reviewed in research phases are listed at bottom right corner of poster.

1. 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity at least !ve days a week. Targets can be achieved with 10-minute bursts of activity spread throughout the day. (http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/!tness/Pages/Get!tathome.aspx)

Recently retired older adults, between 50 and 65 years old.

1.PLANNING

Later...

-Pam’s alarm clock rings at 7 o’clock in the morning.

The alarm clock is part of a system called “Tickety-Boost” and it includes a wrist watch.

Pam puts her watch on as usual. The moment Pam takes the watch from the tray, the display on the alarm clock changes.

The screen tells her that she is making great progress this week and that she should keep it up. With a busy day ahead, she decides to go for a walk before breakfast.

Pam presses the WALK button and the watch begins to tick.

She starts walking and increases her pace to match the tempo of the tick.

Pam puts her watch back in the alarm clock tray. The devices synchronise and the alarm clock screen lights up.

The alarm clock displays a summary of her activity over the day, and how she's done over the past seven days. Pam goes to sleep feeling tickety-boo.

The watch tells her when she has reached her target heart rate and daily goal.

Literature Review:

Age OK. (n.d.). AgeOKFactsheet. Retrieved Nov 01, 2010, from engage Business Network: www.engagenetwork.co.uk/content/images/AgeOkfactsheet.pdf

Berger, U. and Der, G. and Mutrie, N. and Hannah, M.K. (2005) The impact of retirement on physical activity. Ageing and Society, 25 (2). pp.181-195.

Brawley, L.R., Rejeski W.J., King, A.C. (2003) Promoting Physical Activity for Older Adults - The Challenges for Changing Behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(3Sii): 172–183.

Chung, S., Domino, M., Stearns, S. & Popkin, B. (2009). Retirement and physical activity: Analyses by occupation and wealth. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 36(5), pp.422-428.

Consolvo, S., Everitt, K., Smith, I., and Landay, J.A., (2006). Design requirements for technologies that encourage physical activity. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems,CHI '06, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 457-466.

Dave, D., Rashad, I. & Spasojevic, J. (2003). The e!ects of retirement on physical and mental health outcomes (Working paper 12123). Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia State University, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies.

Maitland, J.; Sherwood, S.; Barkhuus, L.; Anderson, I.; Hall, M.; Brown, B.; Chalmers, M.; Muller, H. (2006) Increasing the Awareness of Daily Activity Levels with Pervasive Comput-ing. Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, 2006. pp.1-9 .

Tickety-BoostJanine Benker, Sarah O’Carroll, Frances Gant, Stuart Jones, Nurgul Karadeniz, David Regan, Cheng Qian DESIGN PRACTICE 2010 - MSc HCI-E

A wearable, easy-to-use device for encouraging older adults to increase the duration and intensity of their exercise

All heart rate and duration data stored for user review

Supports typical alarm clock functionality

Wrist-mounted pace-setting device

Alarm clock docking station

Offers encouragement via timely messages

Displays progress towards daily target

Provides personalisation for accurate monitoring

Prompts and encourages on particular events

Guides user to tailored optimum heart rate zone

5.DESIGN/EVALUATION

User feedback from prototyping interviews“If it works like a watch, it could replace my watch”“Would wear it all day if it looks good enough”“It should make a sound/beep to indicate heart rate reached”“Should also have a vibrate signal, because of outdoor noises”“Live heart rate feedback in a visual form”“Would prefer to check my progress on separate device”

Evaluation ProcessRequirements-driven paper prototypes

Cognitive walkthroughs to re!ne ideas

Interviewees evaluated prototypes

Interface designs re!ned through feedback

4.REQUIREMENTSUser Requirements1. Must be present when user is active.2. Motivates user towards increased exertion to meet guideline

targets.3. Calculates and presents optimal exertion targets to user

based on personal data.4. O"ers degrees of motivation, depending on user's

preference at the time.5. System is not technologically intimidating for target group.6. Provides clear feedback during activity via tone and/or

vibration, which can be muted.7. Displays daily and weekly progress towards 'active' levels on

command; and as motivation, at beginning and end of day.8. Un-prompted motivation must be unobtrusive; must not

make unreasonable demands of the user.9. Portable device must not be crowded; requires separate

device for detailed interactions, data input and charging.10. Portable device must be aesthetically pleasing; adaptable

appearance to suit user's preferences.

2.USER RESEARCHInterviewsWe used semi-structured interviews to explore the behaviours and attitudes of retired adults towards exercise.

After coding the transcripts, we found most respondents:

However, analysis of the results showed, through lack of exercise intensity or duration, that 80% of interviewees failed to qualify as 'active' under NHS guidelines2.

2. The General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ, 2009)

3.USER RESEARCHPersonas

Pam, 60secretary 3 years ago. She lives with her husband in a small town outside London. She likes to get up early, and has a fairly organised daily routine. Pam goes swimming twice a week with her

to run small errands, Pam usually walks.

Archibald, 66 Retired from the Post O#ce 8 years ago. His wife is also retired, and they have three grown up children. An early riser who strolls to the paper shop each morning, he plays badminton

coastal path walks with his wife.

Problem ScenariosPam goes for country walks with her husband on the weekends, but she doesn't feel like she's getting the most out of them; recently, her grandchildren have been tearing ahead of her down the park. She's not sure what she can do to improve her !tness, as her week is busy enough already.

Archibald considers himself active for his age but in his weekly badminton sessions he's been taking longer breaks between games. He likes to use this time to catch up with his friends, although he's noticed it’s harder to keep up with the younger players.

Target Group

ProblemMembers of the target group do not meet NHS exercise targets1, despite considering themselves active.

Literature ReviewMaterials reviewed in research phases are listed at bottom right corner of poster.

1. 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity at least !ve days a week. Targets can be achieved with 10-minute bursts of activity spread throughout the day. (http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/!tness/Pages/Get!tathome.aspx)

Recently retired older adults, between 50 and 65 years old.

1.PLANNING

Later...

-Pam’s alarm clock rings at 7 o’clock in the morning.

The alarm clock is part of a system called “Tickety-Boost” and it includes a wrist watch.

Pam puts her watch on as usual. The moment Pam takes the watch from the tray, the display on the alarm clock changes.

The screen tells her that she is making great progress this week and that she should keep it up. With a busy day ahead, she decides to go for a walk before breakfast.

Pam presses the WALK button and the watch begins to tick.

She starts walking and increases her pace to match the tempo of the tick.

Pam puts her watch back in the alarm clock tray. The devices synchronise and the alarm clock screen lights up.

The alarm clock displays a summary of her activity over the day, and how she's done over the past seven days. Pam goes to sleep feeling tickety-boo.

The watch tells her when she has reached her target heart rate and daily goal.

Literature Review:

Age OK. (n.d.). AgeOKFactsheet. Retrieved Nov 01, 2010, from engage Business Network: www.engagenetwork.co.uk/content/images/AgeOkfactsheet.pdf

Berger, U. and Der, G. and Mutrie, N. and Hannah, M.K. (2005) The impact of retirement on physical activity. Ageing and Society, 25 (2). pp.181-195.

Brawley, L.R., Rejeski W.J., King, A.C. (2003) Promoting Physical Activity for Older Adults - The Challenges for Changing Behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(3Sii): 172–183.

Chung, S., Domino, M., Stearns, S. & Popkin, B. (2009). Retirement and physical activity: Analyses by occupation and wealth. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 36(5), pp.422-428.

Consolvo, S., Everitt, K., Smith, I., and Landay, J.A., (2006). Design requirements for technologies that encourage physical activity. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems,CHI '06, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 457-466.

Dave, D., Rashad, I. & Spasojevic, J. (2003). The e!ects of retirement on physical and mental health outcomes (Working paper 12123). Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia State University, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies.

Maitland, J.; Sherwood, S.; Barkhuus, L.; Anderson, I.; Hall, M.; Brown, B.; Chalmers, M.; Muller, H. (2006) Increasing the Awareness of Daily Activity Levels with Pervasive Comput-ing. Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, 2006. pp.1-9 .

Tickety-BoostJanine Benker, Sarah O’Carroll, Frances Gant, Stuart Jones, Nurgul Karadeniz, David Regan, Cheng Qian DESIGN PRACTICE 2010 - MSc HCI-E

A wearable, easy-to-use device for encouraging older adults to increase the duration and intensity of their exercise

All heart rate and duration data stored for user review

Supports typical alarm clock functionality

Wrist-mounted pace-setting device

Alarm clock docking station

Offers encouragement via timely messages

Displays progress towards daily target

Provides personalisation for accurate monitoring

Prompts and encourages on particular events

Guides user to tailored optimum heart rate zone

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Design

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Evaluation

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