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EMoNFUr – LIFE+ Spremljanje stanja urbanih gozdov — projektna delavnica
Monitoring of urban forests — project workshop
EPIPHYTIC LICHEN VEGETATION IN FOREST IN-VENTORY (NATIONAL SCALE) • Bioindicators are living organisms that respond to a
change in the environment (Batič 2002, Batič et al. 2003).
• Lichens are useful bioindicators for air pollution, since they derive their water and essential nutrients mainly from the atmosphere rather than from the soil (Markert et. al. 2003).
• In 2007 epiphytic lichen cover (crustose, foliose and fructicose) has been assessed within the stan-dardized grid laid on trunks of the chosen, compa-rable tree species on the plots of forest inventory (Batič et.al. 2011), a modification of VDI method (VDI 1995).
USE OF BIOINDICATORS IN URBAN FORESTS - EPIPHYTIC LICHENS Mitja Skudnik, Slovenian Forestry Institute, E: [email protected]
Prof. dr. Franc Batič, Biotechnical faculty, Department for agriculture, E: [email protected]
EMoNFUr – LIFE+ Spremljanje stanja urbanih gozdov — projektna delavnica
Monitoring of urban forests — project workshop
USE OF EPIPHYTIC LICHEN VEGETATION AS BIOINDICATORS IN URBAN FORESTS • In Slovenian urban area first use of lichens as bioindicators of air pollution
was in city Ljubljana in 1979 (Batič et. al. 1979). • The methodology used on national scale could be used on local scale to
monitor environmental changes in urban forests. • On the local scale more detailed methodology could be used which bases on
the recording of all lichen species present within each quadrat segment (Asta J. et. al. 2002, VDI 1995).
• Those methods were already used in some more polluted parts of Slovenia (Poličnik et. al. 2005).
USE OF BIOINDICATORS IN URBAN FORESTS - EPIPHYTIC LICHENS
Some references: Asta, J. et al. 2002. Eu guidline for mapping lichen diversity as an indicator for environmental stress: 20 str. Batic F., Martincic A., Smerdu N., Vrhovsek D. 1979. Epifitska flora in onesnaževanje zraka na področju mesta Ljubljane. Biologij Batič, F. 2002. Bioindication of sulphur dioxide pollution with lichens. Protocols in lichenology: 483–503. Batič. F., Mavsar. R., Jeran. Z., 2003. Epiphytic lichens as air quality indicators in forest stands. Ekológia, 22, 1: 47–49. Batič, F., Kastelec D., 2007. Popis epifitskih lišajev. V: Popis poškodovanosti gozdov in gozdnih ekosistemov : delovni priročnik
za terensko snemanje podatkov M. K. (ed.). Ljubljana, Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije: 36–42. Batič, F., Kastelec, D., Skudnik, M., Kovač, M. 2011. Analysis of Epiphytic Lichen Vegetation in Forest Inventory Carried out in
2007. Gozdarski Vestnik, 69. nr. 5-6: 312-321 Jeran Z., Jacimovic R., Batic F., Mavsar R. 2002. Lichens as integrating air pollution monitors. Environmental Pollution, 120, 1:
107-113 Jeran Z., Mrak T., Jacimovic R., Batic F., Kastelec D., Mavsar R., Simoncic P. 2007. Epiphytic lichens as biomonitors of
atmospheric pollution in Slovenian forests. Environmental Pollution, 146, 2: 324-331 Markert, B. A., Breure, A. M., Zechmeister, H. G., 2003. Bioindicators & Biomonitors. Amsterdam, Elsevier: 997 str. Poličnik H., Mayrhofer H., Batič F. 2005. Air polution assessment with lichens - mapping and heavy metal accumulation. TEŠ in
čezmejno onesnaževanje zraka v letih 1987 - 2004: 1-14 VDI. 1995. Measurement of Immission Effects. Measurement and Evaluation of Phytotoxic Effects of Ambient Air Pollutants
(Immissions) with Lichens. Mapping of Lichens for Assessment of the Air Quality. 14 str.
