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What is nationalism?
• Pair-share (2 minutes)– What does it mean?– What are examples of nationalistic
behavior?
Along with sectionalism, nationalism
• After 1812, Americans had strong national pride.– Yes, people started to consider themselves
“northerners,” “southerners.”– BUT pride in being American persisted
among all US citizens.
American system
• Even as different economies grew up in N & S, President Madison presented a plan for unifying the country.– He wanted
• to unite the different regions.• to create a strong stable
economy to make the country self-sufficient.
– A 3-point plan for Congress….
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“American System”• Develop transportation
systems.• Establish protective tariffs• Resurrect the national bank
– Under Washington, it started.– Under Jefferson, it was demoted.
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“American System”• Plan was recognized all around as
promising.– Even critics, like Henry Clay (the Speaker of
the House) promoted it.– Clay: It will unite the country, because each
part of the country has a role:• North: makes industrial goods; South and West
buys them.• South and West: cotton, grain, and meat• One stable currency will be used everywhere.• Transportation system ties everything together. • US can finally be free of European economic
strings.
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National Power boosted by Supreme Court
• Series of court cases gave national govt more power over state govt.– Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824):
only the federal govt can regulate interstate commerce.
– McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819): a state cannot tax the federal “Bank of the US”
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National Power boosted by Supreme Court
– Fletcher vs. Park (1810): Georgia law overturned; it violated Constitutional right to enter into contracts.
– Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819): a state cannot interfere with contracts.
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Nationalism in Foreign Policy
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)• But also other “John Quincy Adams”
treaties:– Rush-Bagot (1817): US and Canada
demilitarize their common border.– Convention of 1818:
• US northern border fixed at 49th parallel up to the Rockies
• for 10 years Britain and US will jointly occupy Oregon Territory
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Nationalism in Foreign Policy
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819):– Spain--too weak to defend its
territories in the New World--ceded Florida to US AND
– Gave up claims to the Oregon Territory. QuickTime™ and a
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Nationalism in the West
• Americans streamed into Northwest Territory– NW Territory? Present-day…
• …Ohio• …Indiana• …Illinois• …Wisconsin• …Michigan
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Why move West?• A new life starting over:
escaping debts, avoid the law.
• Mostly wealth: cheap, fertile, abundant land.
• Social gains: easy to change occupations; in many places, no restrictions by race
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Missouri Compromise• Territory to State process:
– Once the territory reaches 60,000 people, they can apply for statehood:
– You need to:• petition the Union for admission.• draft a state constitution.• elect representatives.
• But in Missouri territory, nationalist spirit came up against slavery…
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Missouri Compromise
• 1818 US had 10 free and 10 slave states.– Illinois entered US as 11th free state.– Southerners expected Missouri to balance as
11th slave state.– BUT a New York State Congressman (James
Tallmadge) got the House of Reps to change Missouri’s statehood bill.
• Missouri had to free its slaves!
Missouri Compromise
• In the Senate, southerners blocked the House’s bill.
• Meanwhile, Alabama came into the Union as the 11th slave state instead.
• Now, where would Missouri enter?
Accusations
• Southerners: “Northerners want to get rid of slavery.”
• Northerners: “Southerners are trying to spread slavery to new territories.”
• Tension was high: already civil war was mentioned as a possibility.
Solution?
• Henry Clay (House Speaker) came up with temporary solution:– Missouri Compromise: series of
agreements to resolve crisis.– 1. Maine came in as free; Missouri came
in as slave
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Solution?– 2. Rest of Louisiana
Territory was divided north and south at 36 30 latitude.
• South of line: slavery legal• North of line (except
Missouri): slavery banned.
• Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise in 1820.– The issue was postponed…
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