U.S. HistoryU.S. HistoryChapter 18Chapter 18

Lecture NotesLecture Notes

The United States seeks an The United States seeks an EmpireEmpire

►1.1. Policy in which stronger nations Policy in which stronger nations extend extend their economic, political, and/or their economic, political, and/or military military control over weaker territories.control over weaker territories.

►ImperialismImperialism

►2.2. Author of Author of The Influence of Sea The Influence of Sea Power Power upon Historyupon History urging the urging the United States United States to modernize and to modernize and enlarge its Navy.enlarge its Navy.

►Alfred T. MahanAlfred T. Mahan

Purchasing Alaska, pays off Purchasing Alaska, pays off laterlater

►3.3. United States Secretary of State, he United States Secretary of State, he authorized the purchase of Alaska.authorized the purchase of Alaska.

►William SewardWilliam Seward

►4.4. Two nicknames for Alaska given to it Two nicknames for Alaska given to it because of its perceived lack worth. because of its perceived lack worth. Later when gold and oil were discovered Later when gold and oil were discovered in the region, those nicknames were in the region, those nicknames were dismissed.dismissed.

►““Seward’s Icebox”Seward’s Icebox”►““Seward’s Folly”Seward’s Folly”

Annexation of HawaiiAnnexation of Hawaii

► 5.5. Port that became home to the United Port that became home to the United States Pacific Fleet based in Hawaii.States Pacific Fleet based in Hawaii.

►Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

► 6.6. American sugar planter that led a American sugar planter that led a rebellion against the Queen of Hawaii, rebellion against the Queen of Hawaii, deposed her, the created the Pine Apple deposed her, the created the Pine Apple Republic.Republic.

►Sanford B. DoleSanford B. Dole

► 7.7. Queen of Hawaii, she proposed a Queen of Hawaii, she proposed a “Hawaii for Hawaiians” agenda, was deposed “Hawaii for Hawaiians” agenda, was deposed by American sugar planters.by American sugar planters.

►Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani

Crisis in CubaCrisis in Cuba► 8.8. Cuban poet and writer that led a war of Cuban poet and writer that led a war of

Independence Independence against Spanish authorities in Cuba.against Spanish authorities in Cuba.► Jose MartiJose Marti

► 9.9. Spanish General placed in command of forces Spanish General placed in command of forces sent to sent to crush crush the revolution in Cuba, he was the revolution in Cuba, he was accused of accused of numerous atrocities against Cuban civilians.numerous atrocities against Cuban civilians.

► Victoriano WeylerVictoriano Weyler► 10.10. Term describing newspapers that printed Term describing newspapers that printed

exaggerated exaggerated and sensationalized stories with the and sensationalized stories with the intent of starting a intent of starting a war with Spain and increasing war with Spain and increasing newspaper sales.newspaper sales.

► Yellow Journalism (Yellow Press)Yellow Journalism (Yellow Press)► 11.11. Photographer sent to Cuba to provide the Yellow Photographer sent to Cuba to provide the Yellow

Press Press with pictures to support their wild stories.with pictures to support their wild stories.► Frederick RemingtonFrederick Remington

The U.S. goes after its The U.S. goes after its EmpireEmpire

► 12.12. Letter sent by the Spanish Ambassador Letter sent by the Spanish Ambassador to the to the United States back to Spain. It United States back to Spain. It was very was very critical and insulting of President critical and insulting of President McKinley McKinley giving those who supported war giving those who supported war with Spain with Spain ammunition.ammunition.

►De Lome LetterDe Lome Letter

► 13.13. United States warship that blew up in United States warship that blew up in the port the port of Havana. The Spanish were of Havana. The Spanish were blamed for the blamed for the explosion and the “murder” explosion and the “murder” of over 200 of over 200 American sailors.American sailors.

►U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine

War makes some men War makes some men heroesheroes

►14.14. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment Volunteer Cavalry Regiment organized by organized by former Assistant former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Secretary of the Navy and Future and Future President Theodore President Theodore Roosevelt.Roosevelt.

►The Rough RidersThe Rough Riders

►15.15. The Rough Riders became heroes The Rough Riders became heroes for for their heroic “Charge up ______ their heroic “Charge up ______ Hill”.Hill”.

►San JuanSan Juan

Mo Empire, Mo ProblemsMo Empire, Mo Problems► 16.16. Treaty that ended the Spanish-American War and ceded Treaty that ended the Spanish-American War and ceded

Cuba, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the United Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the United States.States.

► Treaty of Paris of 1898Treaty of Paris of 1898► 17.17. Act of Congress that ended United States military Act of Congress that ended United States military

occupation of occupation of Puerto Rico and set up a civilian government.Puerto Rico and set up a civilian government.► Foraker ActForaker Act

► 18.18. Supreme Court decision that the United States Constitution Supreme Court decision that the United States Constitution did did not automatically apply to people in acquired not automatically apply to people in acquired territories.territories.

► The Insular CasesThe Insular Cases► 19.19. Amendment to the Cuban Constitution that reserved, for the Amendment to the Cuban Constitution that reserved, for the

United States, the right to intervene in Cuban Affairs and United States, the right to intervene in Cuban Affairs and gave the gave the United States a lease for a Naval Base at United States a lease for a Naval Base at Guantanimo Bay.Guantanimo Bay.

► The Platt AmendmentThe Platt Amendment► 20.20. Led Philippine rebellions against both the occupation Led Philippine rebellions against both the occupation

governments governments of Spain and, later, the United States.of Spain and, later, the United States.► Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

Gaining a foothold in the rich Gaining a foothold in the rich “China Market”“China Market”

► 21.21. United States Secretary of States that United States Secretary of States that sent sent letters to the representatives of Great letters to the representatives of Great Britain, Britain, France, Russia, and Japan France, Russia, and Japan demanding that demanding that free trade be opened up free trade be opened up in China.in China.

► John HayJohn Hay► 22.22. Term describing Hay’s proposal for Term describing Hay’s proposal for

Free Trade Free Trade in China.in China.►Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

► 23.23. Rebellion against western oppression Rebellion against western oppression led by a led by a secret society in China. The U.S. secret society in China. The U.S. used the used the rebellion to open trade in China.rebellion to open trade in China.

►Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

Getting involved in the WorldGetting involved in the World

►24.24. Treaty ending the Russo-Japanese Treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War, Treaty was mediated by War, Treaty was mediated by President Theodore Roosevelt.President Theodore Roosevelt.

►Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth

►25.25. Canal dug through the Isthmus of Canal dug through the Isthmus of Panama, became a military and Panama, became a military and commercial link between the Atlantic commercial link between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.and Pacific Ocean.

►The Panama Canal (“The Big Ditch”)The Panama Canal (“The Big Ditch”)

Enforcing the Monroe Enforcing the Monroe DoctrineDoctrine

► 26.26. Describes Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy, Describes Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy, which which caused the United States to act as an caused the United States to act as an “international “international policeman” in Latin America.policeman” in Latin America.

► The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary

► 27.27. William Howard Taft’s foreign policy related to William Howard Taft’s foreign policy related to Latin Latin America. It featured U.S. Banks backing the debts America. It featured U.S. Banks backing the debts of of Latin American nations in exchange for control Latin American nations in exchange for control over over various national industries. Example being U.S. various national industries. Example being U.S. Banks Banks given control over the national railroad in given control over the national railroad in Nicaragua.Nicaragua.

► Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

► 28.28. Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy, Recognizes only Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy, Recognizes only pro-pro- American, Democratic governments in Latin American, Democratic governments in Latin America.America.

► The Missionary PolicyThe Missionary Policy