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7/22/2019 US History 1301 Ch. 1 Native America
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Native America
Objectives
Where did Native American's come from?
What did they eat? How did nomadic groups become centralized?
Were these comple or simple societies?
What was the !olumbian "change?
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#eringia
$%& ( )& years ago
*aleo+,ndians hunting giant mammalsie: mammoths, large horned bison, muskox, large antelope, caribou, and horses
"arth warmed& land bridge disappearedisolating the *aleo+,ndians who crossed
#eringia
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-igration . "tinction
/ollowed animals into North and 0outhAmerica1
2 #1!1 -any of the larger animals begin togo etinct
Overhunting
!limate !hange
0ome sort of natural catastrophe
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Agricultural 3evolution % #1!1 Horticulture developed in !entral
-eico
!orn& #eans& 04uash& *otatoes
5omesticated tur6eys and dogs
-ore reliable food source stabilized society
*rotected crops
Allowed for larger populations
*ermitted greater diversification andspecialization
3ise of great ,ndian cultures of Americas
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Advantages75isadvantages
Advantages
!ontrollable food supply
/ood surplus 8cities& specialization of labor9
5isadvantages
3adically change environment
/arming is hard 8slavery& ine4uality9
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Herding
5omesticate animals and herd them around
Have to move a lot 8no cities9
:he Americas have few usefuldomesticateable animals
5ogs& tur6eys& llamas
-ost animals just don't wor6 for domestication
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;seful Animals :hrive
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Olmecs
$)+% #1!1
#uilt large temple mounds faced with stone
5evised irrigation systems ,ncredible craftsmanship
!arved huge heads from bloc6s of basalt
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-ayans
%+
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Aztec
#uilt massive cities !apital of :enochtitlan 8present day -eico
!ity9 had )%& people
"mpire held si million people
>overnments and bureaucracies
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"astern Woodland !ulture
North American ,ndians never reached heightsof southern counterparts and advance muchslower1
ess intense horticulture !learing land of trees difficult
!ould only support limited population
Often had to move towns every ) yearsdue to soil ehaustion
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:he !olumbian "change
5ramatically widespread echange of animals&plants& culture& human populations 8includingslaves9& communicable disease& and ideas
between the Old and New World :rade
:echnology@ guns& tools& 6nives
!rops@ corn& potatoes& tomatoes Horses& sheep& pigs& cattle
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Apocalypse@ !olumbian "change
2 to 2% of population wiped out
How?
0lavery 0ocietal destruction
5,0"A0"
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0ummary
$1 #erengia
)1 Agricultural 3evolution
B1 !omple societies C1 !olumbian "change