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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological SurveyU.S. Geological Survey
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Public Water SuppliesProducts in Public Water Supplies
US Conference of Mayors: Mayors Water Council & US Conference of Mayors: Mayors Water Council & Sustainable Development Task ForceSustainable Development Task ForceJanuary 19, 2009January 19, 2009
Herb BuxtonHerb BuxtonUSGS Toxic Substances Hydrology ProgramUSGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
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• DrugsDrugs• DetergentsDetergents• AntioxidantsAntioxidants• Fire retardantsFire retardants• DisinfectantsDisinfectants• FumigantsFumigants• FragrancesFragrances• Insecticides/ Insecticides/
RepellantsRepellants
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs)Care Products (PPCPs)
Chemicals that Chemicals that co-occur co-occur and have and have similar MOAsimilar MOA• Biogenic HormonesBiogenic Hormones• PesticidesPesticides• Industrial ChemicalsIndustrial Chemicals• Some Metals Some Metals • Natural hormonesNatural hormones• Natural antimicrobialsNatural antimicrobials• Degradation byproducts Degradation byproducts
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USGS QuestionsUSGS Questions
• What contaminants have been found in What contaminants have been found in public drinking water in the US?public drinking water in the US?
• Where have they been found?Where have they been found?
• What levels have been detected?What levels have been detected?
• Do we have data on trends in terms of Do we have data on trends in terms of geography and levels?geography and levels?
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Results of National Stream & Groundwater SurveysResults of National Stream & Groundwater Surveys
Present in water at Present in water at sub-ppb conc.’ssub-ppb conc.’s..
Present in Present in mixturesmixtures..
Greater levels in Greater levels in streams than wellsstreams than wells
Are PPCP’s entering our Are PPCP’s entering our environment? environment?
Kolpin, et al., 2002; Barnes et al., 2008Kolpin, et al., 2002; Barnes et al., 2008
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pe
rce
nt D
ete
cte
d
Surface (139) Ground (47)
Pre. d
rugs
Det
erge
nts
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PPCPs in PPCPs in Source WatersSource Waters
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Per
cen
tag
e o
f su
rfac
e- o
r g
rou
nd
-wat
er s
ites
w
ith
at
leas
t o
ne
det
ecti
on
of
a co
mp
ou
nd
in g
rou
p
Surface-water sites; n=49
Ground-water sites; n=25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Per
cen
tag
e o
f su
rfac
e- o
r g
rou
nd
-wat
er s
ites
w
ith
at
leas
t o
ne
det
ecti
on
of
a co
mp
ou
nd
in g
rou
p
Surface-water sites; n=49
Ground-water sites; n=25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Per
cen
tag
e o
f su
rfac
e- o
r g
rou
nd
-wat
er s
ites
w
ith
at
leas
t o
ne
det
ecti
on
of
a co
mp
ou
nd
in g
rou
p
Surface-water sites; n=49
Ground-water sites; n=25
P
erce
nt D
etec
tion
Surface WaterGround Water
Focazio et al., 2008Focazio et al., 2008
Explanation + GW (25) SW (49)
National Source National Source Water SurveyWater Survey
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Natural Dilution and DegradationNatural Dilution and Degradation
Source Waters (Streams)Susceptible Streams
P
erce
nt D
etec
tion
Focazio et al., 2008Focazio et al., 2008
National Source Water SurveyNational Source Water Survey
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Removal in Treatment, NJ FacilityRemoval in Treatment, NJ Facility
Stackelberg et al., 2004 & 2007Stackelberg et al., 2004 & 2007
Raw WaterRaw Water
Per
cen
t D
etec
tio
n
HHCB
AHTN
Levels Generally Reduced by Levels Generally Reduced by Treatment with GAC FiltersTreatment with GAC Filters
Finished WaterFinished Water
P
erce
nt
Det
ecti
on
HHCB
Pharmaceutical/AntibioticFlame retardant/PlasticizerFragrancePesticidePlant/Animal steroidDetergent metabolitePAHsOthers
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Benotti et al. 2008Benotti et al. 2008
PPCPs in Finished Drinking Water PPCPs in Finished Drinking Water
Conducted by Conducted by Southern Nevada Southern Nevada Water AuthorityWater Authority
Supported by AWWA Supported by AWWA Research Fnd. & Research Fnd. & WateReuse Fnd. WateReuse Fnd.
Pharm’sPCPs
42
19
18 182.1 470
93510
3
0.82 1000.33 1.2 25
15 Max. (ppt)
*12 of 20 Pharm’s not detected*12 of 20 Pharm’s not detected
Det
ecti
on
s
18 DW Facilities
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Finished Drinking Water Survey: Finished Drinking Water Survey: 2007-Present, USEPA & USGS2007-Present, USEPA & USGS
• Varied locations across the Nation.Varied locations across the Nation.
• Paired source/finished water samples.Paired source/finished water samples.
• Varied treatment types.Varied treatment types.
• Significant QA/QC to ensure reliabilitySignificant QA/QC to ensure reliability
• Working with water suppliersWorking with water suppliers
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Thank you!Thank you!
For more information:For more information:
http://toxics.usgs.gov http://toxics.usgs.gov
[email protected]@usgs.gov
