U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Domain Awareness

Curtis L. Dubay, P.E.Director, MDA Program IntegrationU.S. Coast Guard

5 March 2009UNCLASSIFIED1

USCG Global MissionsMaritime Safety SecurityStewardshipUnclassified

Exclusive Economic Zone (worlds largest)Unclassified

National Marine SanctuariesUnclassified

Challenges to Global SecurityOrganized crimePiracyDrug smuggling Human smuggling and slaveryIllegal weapons movement & proliferationTerrorismExclusive Economic Zone (resource) exploitationIllegal fishingTrade disruptionIllegal migration Search and RescueEnvironmental attackNations find their well-being challenged by these common threats to Maritime Security4

CG Mission ProgramsUnclassified

SafetyMarine SafetySearch and RescueSecurityDefense ReadinessPorts, Waterways, & Coastal SecurityDrug InterdictionMigrant InterdictionOther Law Enforcement StewardshipMarine Environmental ProtectionLiving Marine Resources EnforcementAids to NavigationIce Operations

Maritime Governance Vision/Long Term StrategyA systems approach to maritime governance must be global in scope and must be built upon a foundation of international cooperation.

U.S. Coast Guard Strategy for Maritime Safety, Security, and StewardshipAdmiral Thad Allen,Commandant, US Coast Guard8

SecurityStewardshipMaritime GovernanceAcross the Maritime DomainUnity of EffortRegimes (Policies, Regulations)

AwarenessGovernmentPrivate SectorPortStatesApproachesGlobal CommonsPortStatesInternationalSafetyOperations6

Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA)the effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment2

Achieving and Maintaining MDAVesselsPeopleFacilitiesCargoInfrastructureSea lanesThreats Friendly forcesWeatherSensorsOperators & field personnelIntel SourcesOpen sourcePrivate sector dataLaw enforcementTracks w/ tracksData w/ dataTracks w/ data

Observables Collect Fuse Analyze Disseminate DecisionsAnomaly detectionPattern recog & analysisCompare w/ rulesResearch toolsNetworksDisplays (COP/UDOP)Command centersStrategicOperationalTactical10

CollectCoastal AIS NationwideIMO Global TrackingAIS BuoyPatrol Ships& AircraftAIS SatellitesVessel Traffic SystemsCoastal Radar11

Fuse12

AnalyzeVessel ACharacteristicsCrewPassengersCargoHistoryCurrent ActivityProjected ActivityToolsData WarehousesReceived ReportsField ObservationsSensors13

DisseminateReport of Vessel ACharacteristicsHistoryCrewPassengersCargoCurrent Activity

Command Center Views & Databases

Operations Meetings&Port Partnerships

Arrivals Reports & Schedules14

High Seas300 - 2,000 nm Ports & Approaches < 24 nmCoastal24 - 300 nmHigh Seas300 - 2,000 nmLayered MDA15

UNCLASSIFIED

US PortPort StateLayered MDA Sensor Coverage AreasLong Range Identification and TrackingNationwide Automated Identification SystemIOC Global position reporting per SOLAS regulations. 4 daily broadcasts per IMO 160+ contracting governments participating in LRIT efforts Track 40,000+ SOLAS Class vessels globally Satellite-based reporting. Command Center monitors vessel behavior with radars and cameras. Corroborate vessel behavior with actions advertised in LRIT/NAIS and in ship reports Joint planning and ops tools Real-time op decision support. Covers critical port/coastal approaches to 24NM.CG EnterpriseAll tracking systems feed data to CG enterprise data warehouse for strategic fusion.Generated using Google Earth Nationwide network of towers & transceivers Similar to aircraft transponders VHF radio-based (line of sight technology), self-generated vessel reports per IMO/SOLAS Provides AIS data feed to CG enterprise data stores. Inside 50 NM: near real time reports (seconds/minutes). Inside 2000NM: less frequent satellite based coverage.

16Classified Systems

20Current AIS Capability

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Connectivity SymbolsCurrent Coverage in VTS Ports and at Prototype SitesNAIS Increment 1 Critical Coastal CoverageNAIS Data Signals

CG Data Network LinksShipboard AIS used on AIS equipped vessels for navigation safetyEncrypted AIS used for Blue Force TrackingConceptual Shore-side NAIS Capability in Critical Ports & Coastal AreasCG Data Networks & PortalsSector Command CenterOperations Systems CenterMaritime Intelligence Fusion Centers & other Users of NAIS dataNavigation CenterCoastal CoverageNetwork NodeNetwork NodeClass B UserClass A UserProvides net-centric connectivity across domainsProvided direct feed of AIS dataNAIS Storage, Correlation, & DisseminationNAIS Management & MonitoringSector Command CenterManages the Local Tactical PictureCritical Port Coverage19

20

AIS Via Commercial LEO Satellite Unclassified

Commercial AIS - 24 hour periodCombined data of 2 satellitesTime of screen capture: 13:16 UTC5 November 2008Vessel count: 11928

Long Range Identification and TrackingUsed with Permission of Inmarsat17

Inland River Vessel Movement CenterCDC BargesANHYDROUS AMMONIA 12,007 (35%) AMMONIUM NITRATE 7,696 (23%) CHLORINE 6,720 (20%) PROPYLENE OXIDE 3,783 (11%) BUTADIENE 3,021 (8%) BUTANE 689 (2%) OTHER CHEMICALS 46 (1%)

IRVMCInland Rivers Vessel Movement Center

US Information Sharing Today Mobilizing the Citizens LayerAll eyes on the water Americas Waterway Watchhttp://www.americaswaterwaywatch.org/

Engaging Port Partners Acknowledging Industrys involvement

23

Interagency Operations Centers21

Interagency Operations CentersCollaborationUSCGMilitaryInteroperabilityPort PartnersCommand CenterData Integration and PresentationSituational AwarenessRequirementsSensor Control and Processing22

Camera

Radar

Approach Distance24 NM5 NMApproach ZoneRadar tracking of vesselsDaytime camerasNighttime imagingReceive all AIS broadcastsFuse sensor inputs into one trackIP-enabled sensor network

Monitoring ZoneMonitor behavior of all vesselsProvide persistent surveillance of security zones, regulated navigation areas and port vulnerabilitiesObserve, day/night, activities and operations within the zone

Interagency Operations Centers Concept 25

International AIS Information Sharing Maritime Security and Safety Information System (MSSIS)27

In ConclusionThe US Coast Guard is one of many agencies in a layered approach to MDAA variety of sensors, analysis tools, technologies, & partnerships combine to guard our watersGlobal implementation & continued international partnerships are essentialMDA is the key to effectively implementing any maritime security strategy28

Thank YouCurtis.L.Dubay@uscg.mil

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7National MDA GovernanceCNO-CCG Warfighter TalksGMAIIGMSAA federal interdepartmental and interagency leadership structureDOTDODDHSMDA SB meets monthly, G5 meet weekly

5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance5th Annual Global MDA Coastal Surveillance