U.S. ARMY

SURVIVALMANUAL.

CHAPTER:

SUBJECT: INDEX. PREFACE. INTRODUCTION. SURVIVAL ACTIONS. PATTERN FOR SURVIVAL. PSYCHOLOGY OF SURVIVAL. LOOK AT STRESS. NATURAL REACTIONS. PREPARING YOUSELF. SURVIVAL PLANNING AND SURVIVAL KITS. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING. SURVIVAL KITS. BASIC SURVIVAL MEDICINE. REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES. LIFESAVING STEPS. BONE AND JOINT INJURY. BITES AND STINGS. !OUNDS. ENVIRONMENTAL INJURIES. HERBAL MEDICINES. SHELTERS. PRIMARY SHELTER # UNIFORM. SHELTER SITE SELECTION. TYPES OF SHELTERS. $ATER PROCUREMENT. !ATER SOURCES. STILL CONTRUCTION. !ATER PURIFICATION. !ATER FILTRATION DEVICES. FIRECRAFT. BASIC FIRE PRICIPLES. SITE SELECTION AND PREPERATION. FIRE MATERIAL SELECTION. HO! TO BUILD A FIRE. HO! TO LIGHT A FIRE. FOOD PROCUREMENT. ANIMALS FOR FOOD. TRAPS AND SNARES. KILLING DEVICES. COOKING AND STORAGE OF FISH AND GAME. SURVIVAL USE OF PLANTS. EDIBILITY OF PLANTS.

PAGE: 2. 6. 6. 6. 9. 10. 11. 14. 16. 1 . 19. 19. 21. 21. 26. 27. 4. 6. 4". 44. 47. !#. 47. 4$. 4$. 63. 6 . 69. 72. 74. #". 7%. 7%. 77. 79. $". 3. $4. 91. 1"1. 1"$. 113. 11 .

CHAPTER 1. CHAPTER 2.

CHAPTER 3. CHAPTER !.

CHAPTER ".

CHAPTER 6.

CHAPTER #.

CHAPTER .

CHAPTER %.

2

PLANTS FOR MEDICINE. MISCELLANEOUS USES OF PLANTS. CHAPTER: CHAPTER 10. SUBJECT: POISONOUS PLANTS. HO! PLANTS POISON. ALL ABOUT PLANTS. RULES FOR AVOIDING POISONOUS PLANTS. CONTACT DERMATITIS. INGESTING POISON. DANGEROUS ANIMALS. INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS. LEECHES. BATS. VENOMOUS SNAKES. SNAKE FREE AREAS. DANGEROUS LI&ARDS. DANGERS IN RIVERS. DANGERS IN BAYS AND ESTUARIES. SALT!ATER DANGERS. OTHER DANGEROUS SEA CREATURES. FIELD EXPEDIENT $EAPONS& TOOLS AND E'UIPEMENT. STAFFS. CLUBS. EDGED !EAPONS. OTHER E'PEDIENT !EAPONS. CORDAGE AND LASHING. RUCKSACK CONSTRUCTION. CLOTHING AND INSULATION. COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. DESERT SURVIVAL. TERRAIN. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. NEED FOR !ATER. HEAT CASUALTIES. PRECATIONS. DESERT HA&ARDS. TROPICAL SURVIVAL. TROPCIAL !EATHER. JUNGLE TYPES. TRAVEL THROUGH JUNGLE AREA. IMMEDIATE CONCIDERATIONS. !ATER PROCUREMENT. FOOD. POISONOUS PLANTS.

12". 12 . PAGE: 123. 124. 124. 12%. 12%. 126. 126. 127. 129. 129. 1 ". 1 1. 1 1. 1 1. 1 2. 1 . 1 4. 13". 1 6. 1 6. 1 $. 141. 142. 144. 14%. 146. 1!#. 14$. 149. 1%2. 1%4. 1%%. 1%6. 1"6. 1%6. 1%7. 16". 161. 161. 16 . 16 .

CHAPTER 11.

CHAPTER 12.

CHAPTER 13.

CHAPTER 1!.

3

CHAPTER: CHAPTER 1".

SUBJECT: COLD $EATHER SURVIVAL. COLD REGIONS AND LOCATIONS. !INDCHILL. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COLD !EATHER SURVIVAL. HYGIENE. MEDICAL ASPECTS. COLD INJURIES. SHELTERS. FIRE. !ATER. FOOD. TRAVEL. !EATHER SIGNS. SEA SURVIVAL. THE OPEN SEA. SEASHORE. EXPEDIENT $ATER CROSSINGS. RIVERS AND STREAMS. RAPIDS. RAFTS. FLOATATION DEVICES. OTHER !ATER OBSTICLES. VEGETATION OBSTICLES. FIELD EXPEDIENT DIRECTION FINDING. USING THE SUN AND SHADO!S. USING THE MOON. USING THE STARS. MAKING IMPROVISED COMPASS. OTHER MEANS OF DETERMING DIRECTION. SIGNALING TECHNI'UES. APPLICATION. MEANS FOR SIGNALING. CODES AND SIGNALS. AIRCRAFT VECTORING PROCEDURES. SURVIVAL MOVEMENT IN HOSTILE AREAS. PHASES OF PLANNING. E'ECUTION. RETURN TO FRIENDLY CONTROL. CAMOUFLAGE. PERSONAL CAMOUFLAGE. METHODS OF STALKING. SURVIVAL IN MAN MADE HA(ARDS. THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT.

PAGE: 163. 164. 16%. 16%. 167. 16$. 16$. 172. 176. 17$. 179. 1$1. 1$2. 1 3. 1$ . 2"$. 211. 211. 212. 214. 21$. 219. 219. 220. 22". 22 . 22 . 22%. 22%. 226. 226. 227. 2 %. 2 $. 23%. 2 9. 241. 24%. 2!#. 247. 2%". 2"3. 2"3.

CHAPTER 16. CHAPTER 1#.

CHAPTER 1 .

CHAPTER 1%.

CHAPTER 20.

CHAPTER 21. CHAPTER 22.

4

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS. CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS. APPENDIX: APPENDIX A. APPENDIX B. APPENDIX C. APPENDIX D. APPENDIX E. SUBJECT: SURVIVAL KITS. EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL PLANTS. POISONOUS PLANTS. DANGEROUS INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS. VENOMOUS SNAKES AND LI(ARDS. !AYS TO AVOID SNAKE BITE. SNAKE GROUPS. DESCRIPTION OF VENOMOUS SNAKES. LI&ARDS. VENOMOUS SNAKES OF THE AMERICAS. VENOMOUS SNAKES OF EUROPE. VENOMOUS SNAKES OF AFICA AND ASIA. VENOMOUS SNAKES OF AUSTRALIA. VENOMOUS SEA SNAKES. POISONOUS LI&ARDS. DANGER FISH AND MOLLUSKS. FISH THAT ATTACK MAN. VENOMOUS FISH AND INVERTEBRATES. FISH !ITH TO'IC FLESH. ROPES AND KNOTS. TERMINOLOGY. BASIC KNOTS. VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION LASHINGS. CLOUDS: FORETELLERS OF $EATHER. GLOSSERY. BIBOGRAPHY.

26%. 269. PAGE: 2#1. 2#6. 361. 3#2. 3#6. 77. 77. 7$. $ . $ . 4" . 411. 44%. 4%1. 4%%. !" . 4%$. 46". 46%. !66. 466. 467. 471. !#2. 476. 477.

APPENDIX F.

APPENDIX G.

APPENDIX H.

SURVIVAL: LIVE TO SURVIVE) SURVIVE TO LIVE.

5

P*+,-.+.A( ) (*+,-./0 1*2 3)4 5. (.46 6* )41 )/.) *7 68. 9*/+,. I6 :)1 5. -4 ) 6.:;./)6.0 6/*;-3)+0 )/36-30 */ (25 )/36-3 /.. )++ 1*2/ ;./(*4)+ .?2-;:.46 )4, 1*2/ 24-6 :.:5./( 9-68 1*2 98./.>./ 1*2 ./0 68./. -( 4* ->. )4, /.62/4 )+->. (8*2+, 1*2 7-4, 1*2/(.+7 -4 (238 ) (-62)6-*4. I7 1*2 )/. ) 6/)-4./0 2(. 68-( -47*/:)6-*4 )( ) 5)(. *4 98-38 6* 52-+, (2/>->)+ 6/)-4-4.+0 )4, 68. 6.//-6*/1 68/*2.+. R.), 98)6 68-( :)42)+ ()1( )5*26 (2/>->)+ -4 68*(. ;)/6-32+)/ )/.)( )4, 7-4, *26 )++ 1*2 3)4 )5*26 68*(. )/.)(. R.), *68./ 5**A( *4 (2/>->)+. D.>.+*; ) (2/>->)+B 6/)-4-4< ;/*->)+ (-62)6-*4 68.1 :)1 7)3.. I6 3)4 :)A. 68. ,-77./.43. 5.69..4 +-7. )4, ,.)68. T8. ;/*;*4.46 *7 68-( ;25+-3)6-*4 -( 68. U4-6., S6)6.( A/:1 J*84 F. K.44.,1 S;.3-)+ !)/7)/. C.46./ )4, S38**+ CUSAJFKS!CSD. S25:-6 3*::.46( )4, /.3*::.4,., 38)4)+ 6/)-4-4)+. S62,1 )4, /.:.:5./ 98)6 .)38 +.66./ (-. 6* :)A. 68. 9*/, 9*/A 7*/ 1*2. S5S46+ U7 08+ S403-041/ 1B2. I7 1*2 )/. -4 ) 3*:5)6 (-62)6-*40 7-4, ) ;+)3. 98./. 1*2 3)4 3*43.)+ 1*2/(.+7 7/*: 68. .4.:1. R.:.:5./0 (.32/-61 6)A.( ;/-*/-61. U(. 1*2/

6

(.4(.( *7 8.)/-4-+-)4 :*>.:.46(. P8;:4.-< C1/24041/ 1B4. T8. ;/.((2/. *7 68. 5)66+. 1*2 9./. -4 */ 68. 6/)2:) *7 5.-4< -4 ) (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4 :)1 8)>. 3)2(., 1*2 6* *>./+**A 9*24,( 1*2 /.3.->.,. C8.3A 1*2/ 9*24,( )4, . 1*2/(.+7 7-/(6 )-,. T)A. 3)/. 6* ;/.>.46 72/68./ 5*,-+1 8)/:. F*/ -4(6)43.0 -4 )41 3+-:)6.0 ,/-4A ;+.461 *7 9)6./ 6* ;/.>.46 ,.81,/)6-*4. I7 1*2 )/. -4 ) 3*+, */ 9.6 3+-:)6.0 ;26 *4 ),,-6-*4)+ 3+*68-4< 6* ;/.>.46 81;*68./:-). E=347>+/0 1B%. P./8);( -4 68. 8.)6 *7 5)66+.0 1*2 +*(6 */ ,):). )4, 98)6 3*4,-6-*4 -6 -( -4. 1B6. N*9 68)6 1*2 8)>. (-G., 2; 1*2/ (-62)6-*40 (2//*24,-4->)+ ;+)4. I4 ,*-4< (*0 A..; -4 :-4, 1*2/ 5)(-3 ;81(-3)+ 4..,(@9)6./0 7**,0 )4, (8.+6./. U5U:+ A. 98.4 1*2 /.)36 ?2-3A+1 9-68*26 68-4A-4< */ ;+)44-4. :)1 /.(2+6 -4 1*2/ 3);62/. */ ,.)68. D*4H6 :*>. F2(6 7*/ 68. ()A. *7 6)A-4< )36-*4. C*4(-,./ )++ )(;.36( *7 1*2/ (-62)6-*4 5.7*/. 1*2 :)A. ) ,.3-(-*4 )4, ) :*>.. I7 1*2 )36 -4 8)(6.0 1*2 :)1 7*/. *26 ?2-3A+1 9-68*26 .4,)4)+2)6. 68. (-62)6-*4. N*6. (*24,( )4, (:.++(. B. (.4(-6->. 6* 6.:;./)62/. 38)4)46. R5R+>+>@+* $8+*+ Y13 A*+ 1B$. S;*6 1*2/ +*3)6-*4 *4 1*2/ :); )4, /.+)6. -6 6* 68. (2//*24,-4< 6.//)-4. T8-( 5)(-3 ;/-43-;+. -( *4. 68)6 1*2 :2(6 -. 6* ->)+ (A-++( ,2/-4< )++ 6/)-4-4< ;/*->)+ 6/)-4-4< /.,23.( 7.)/ *7 68. 24A4*94 )4, .( 1*2 (.+7B3*47-,.43.. I6 6.)38.( 1*2 6* +->. 51 1*2/ 9-6(.

PATTERN FOR SURVIVAL

9

1B21. D.>.+*; ) (2/>->)+ ;)66./4 68)6 +.6( 1*2 5.)6 68. .4.:-.( *7 (2/>->)+. T8-( (2/>->)+ ;)66./4 :2(6 -43+2,. 7**,0 9)6./0 (8.+6./0 7-/.0 7-/(6 )-,0 )4, (--/*4:.460 1*2 9*2+, 4.., ) ,4*+ 6* ->)+ 6/)-4-4< 8)>. 4*6 2(., 68.-/ (A-++( )4, ,-.,. A A.1 -4->)+ (-62)6-*4 -( 68. :.46)+ )66-62,. *7 68. -4,->-,2)+ -4>*+>.,. H)>-4< (2/>->)+ (A-++( -( -:;*/6)46M 8)>-4< 68. 9-++ 6* (2/>->. -( .((.46-)+. !-68*26 ) ,.(-/. 6* (2/>->.0 )3?2-/., (A-++( (./>. +-66+. ;2/;*(. )4, -4>)+2)5+. A4*9+.,->)+ .4>-/*4:.46 68)6 2+6-:)6.+1 9-++ )77.36 1*2/ :-4,. T8.(. (6/.((*/( 3)4 ;/*,23. 68*2.0 -4.77.36->. -4,->-,2)+ 9-68 ?2.(6-*4)5+. )5-+-61 6* (2/>->.. T82(0 1*2 :2(6 5. )9)/. *7 )4, 5. )5+. 6* /.3*->)+. I6 -( )+(* -:;./)6->. 68)6 1*2 5. )9)/. *7 1*2/ /.)36-*4( 6* 68. 9-,. >)/-.61 *7 (6/.((*/( )((*3-)6., 9-68 (2/>->)+. T8-( 38);6./ -,.46-7-.( )4, .=;+)-4( 68. 4)62/. *7 (6/.((0 68. (6/.((*/( *7 (2/>->)+0 )4, 68*(. -46./4)+ /.)36-*4( 68)6 1*2 9-++ 4)62/)++1 .=;./-.43. 98.4 7)3., 9-68 68. (6/.((*/( *7 ) /.)+B9*/+, (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4. T8. A4*9+.,. 5.3)2(. )4*68./ *4. )//->.(. S6/.((*/( ),, 2;. T8. 32:2+)6->. .77.36 *7 :-4*/ (6/.((*/( 3)4 5. ) :)F*/ ,-(6/.(( -7 68.1 )++ 8);;.4 6** 3+*(. 6*.462)++1 ) (6)6. *7 .=8)2(6-*4 )//->.(. A6 68-( ;*-460 68. )5-+-61 6* /.(-(6 (6/.(( */ 2(. -6 -4 ) ;*(-6->. 9)1 .( *26 )4, (-.+*;-4< (6/)6.. 6/*25+. *;./)6-4< -4 (.66-4./168-4< -( 4*6 3+.)/B326. T8. *4+1 ->)+ (-62)6-*4 -( 68)6 4*68-4< -( . +-:-6., 3*46/*+ *7 1*2/ (2//*24,-4+/0 2B1". E>.4 24,./ 68. :*(6 -,.)+ 3-/32:(6)43.(0 4)62/. -( ?2-6. 7*/:-,)5+.. I4 (2/>->)+0 1*2 9-++ 8)>. 6* 3*46.4, 9-68 68. (6/.((*/( *7 9.)68./0 6.//)-40 )4, 68. >)/-.61 *7 3/.)62/.( -48)5-6-4< )4 )/.). H.)60 3*+,0 /)-40 9-4,(0 :*246)-4(0 (9):;(0 ,.(./6(0 -4(.36(0 ,)4.. D.;.4,-4< *4 8*9 1*2 8)4,+. 68. (6/.(( *7 1*2/ .4>-/*4:.460 1*2/ (2//*24,-4.462)++1 ,-.. T82(0 -4< 7**, )4, 9)6./ 6)A.( *4 -43/.)(-4< -:;*/6)43. )( 68. +.4->)+ (.66-4< -43/.)(.(. F*/)-4< 1*2/ ;/*>-(-*4( -((2.,. F-0493+ 2B12. F*/3-4< 1*2/(.+7 6* 3*46-42. (2/>->-4< -( 4*6 .)(1 )( 1*2 . 6* /.+1 (*+.+1 *4 1*2/ *94 /.(*2/3.(. 2B14. T8. (2/>->)+ (6/.((*/( :.46-*4., -4 68-( (.36-*4 )/. 51 4* :.)4( 68. *4+1 *4.( 1*2 :)1 7)3.. R.:.:5./0 98)6 -( (6/.((72+ 6* *4. ;./(*4 :)1 4*6 5. (6/.((72+ 6* )4*68./. Y*2/ .=;./-.43.(0 6/)-4-4->)+ .4>-/*4:.46. T8. *5F.36 -( 4*6 6* )>*-, (6/.((0 526 /)68./ 6* :)4)->)+ )4, :)A. 68.: 9*/A 7*/ 1*2. 2B1%. !. 4*9 8)>. ) )+. T8. 4.=6 (6.; -( 6* .=):-4. 1*2/ /.)36-*4( 6* 68. (6/.((*/( 1*2 :)1 7)3..

NATURAL REACTIONS2B16. M)4 8)( 5..4 )5+. 6* (2/>->. :)41 (8-76( -4 8-( .4>-/*4:.46 68/*2)+ :.38)4-(:( 68)6 A.;6 *2/ 7*/.7)68./( )+->. 3)4 8.+; A..; 1*2 )+->. )( 9.++N H*9.>./0 68. (2/>->)+ :.38)4-(:( 68)6 3)4 8.+; 1*2 3)4 )+(* 9*/A )./). (*:. ;(138*+*->)+ (-62)6-*4. T8. 7*++*9-4< ;)/)->)+ (6/.((*/(. FEAR 2B1$. F.)/ -( *2/ .:*6-*4)+ /.(;*4(. 6* ,)4. 8)>. 68. ;*6.46-)+ 6* 3)2(. ,.)680 -4F2/10 */ -++4.((. T8-( 8)/: -( 4*6 F2(6 +-:-6., 6* ;81(-3)+ ,):).0 7.)/ 3)4 8)>. ) ;*(-6->. 72436-*4 -7 -6 .43*2/)->)+. M*(6 ;.*;+. 9-++ 8)>. (*:. ,../3*:. 51 1*2/ 7.)/(. I,.)++10 68/*2. ,-77-32+61 68-4A-4)+ +.),( 6* /.)36-*4( (238 )( ,.;/.((-*40 3)/.+.((4.((0 -4)66.46-*40 +*(( *7 3*47-,.43.0 ;**/ ,.3-(-*4 :)A-4.( *7 *68./( 98* ,.;.4, *4 1*2 )/. )6 (6)A.. TRAIN 17

2B 1. T8/*2->)+ (.66-4< 9-++ 5.. LEARN STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNI'UES 2B 2. P.*;+. 24,./ (6/.(( 8)>. ) ;*6.46-)+ 6* ;)4-3 -7 68.1 )/. 4*6 9.++B6/)-4., )4, 4*6 ;/.;)/., ;(138*+*./ 68. 3-/32:(6)43.( :)1 5.. !8-+. 1*2 *76.4 3)44*6 3*46/*+ 68. (2/>->)+ 3-/32:(6)43.( -4 98-38 1*2 7-4, 1*2/(.+70 -6 -( 9-68-4 1*2/ )5-+-61 6* 3*46/*+ 1*2/ /.(;*4(. 6* 68*(. 3-/32:(6)43.(. L.)/4-4< (6/.(( :)4)-.9 ) (-62)6-*4D. R.:.:5./0 J68. 9-++ 6* (2/>->.K 3)4 )+(* 5. 3*4(-,./., J68. /.72()+ 6* . 2;.J

CHAPTER 3.

S3*B4B-< P->)+ ;+)4 -( ,.;.4,.46 *4 68/.. (.;)/)6. 526 -46./69-4., ;)/6( 6* 5. (233.((72+E ;+)44-4->)+ ;+)44-4< -( 4*68-4< :*/. 68)4 /.)+-G-4< (*:.68-4< 3*2+, 8);;.4 68)6 9*2+, ;26 1*2 -4 ) (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4 )4,0 9-68 68)6 -4 :-4,0 6)A-4< (6.;( 6* -43/.)(. 1*2/ 38)43.( *7 (2/>->)+. I6 3)4 8);;.4 6* )41*4.0 )4198./.0 )416-:.0 (* /.:.:5./E ,-4)-+)5-+-61 *7 /.(2;;+1 */ .:./-/*4:.460 6* -43+2,. 68. 6.//)-4 )4, 9.)68./ )4, ;*((-5+. 38)4.8-3+.0 */ ;./8);( F2(6 ) /23A()3A. P+)44-4< )+(* .46)-+( +**A-4< )6 68*(. EOR /*26.( )4, A4*9-4< 51 :.:*/1 68. :)F*/ . )+. A4*68./ .=):;+. *7 ;/.;)/)6-*4 -( 7-4,-4< 68. .:./)+ A-6. C8.3A-4< .4(2/.( 68)6 -6.:( 9*/A )4, 68)6 1*2 A4*9 8*9 6* 2(. 68.:. B2-+, ) 7-/. -4 68. /)-4 (* 1*2 A4*9 68)6 98.4 -6 -( 3/-6-3)+ 6* -.9 68. :.,-3)+ -6.:( -4 1*2/ A-6 )4, 8)>. -4(6/236-*4( ;/-46., *4 68.-/ 2(. (* 68)6 .>.4 -4 6-:.( *7 (6/.((0 1*2 9-++ 4*6 :)A. +-7.B68/.)6.4-4< .//*/(.

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNINGB1. D.6)-+., ;/-*/ ;+)44-4< -( .((.46-)+ -4 ;*6.46-)+ (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4(. I43+2,-4< (2/>->)+ 3*4(-,./)6-*4( -4 :-((-*4 ;+)44-4< 9-++ .48)43. 1*2/ 38)43.( *7 (2/>->)+ -7 )4 .:./.46 1*2 7/*: .46->. :.,-3-4.. E4(2/-4< 68)6 1*2 8)>. 4* ,.46)+ ;/*5+.:( )4, 68)6 1*2/ -::24-G)6-*4( )/. 32//.46 9-++ 8.+; 1*2 )>*-, ;*6.46-)+ ,.46)+ */ 8.)+68 ;/*5+.:(. S*:. ,.46)+ ;/*5+.:( 3)4 ;/*.. F)-+2/. 6* A..; 1*2/ (8*6( 32//.46 :)1 :.)4 1*2/ 5*,1 -( 4*6 -::24. 6* ,-(.)(.( 68)6 )/. ;/.>)+.46 -4 68. )/.). B . P/.;)/-4< )4, 3)//1-4< ) (2/>->)+ A-6 -( )( -:;*/6)46 )( 68. 3*4(-,./)6-*4( :.46-*4., )5*>.. A++ A/:1 )-/3/)76 8)>. (2/>->)+ A-6( *4 5*)/, 7*/ 68. 61;. *7 )/.) *>./ 98-38 68.1 9-++ 7+1. T8./. )/. A-6( 7*/ *>./B9)6./0 8*6 3+-:)6.0 )4, 3*+, 3+-:)6. (2/>->)+. E)38 3/.9:.:5./ 9-++ )+(* 5. 9.)/-4< )4 )>-)6*/ (2/>->)+ >.(6 CA;;.4,-= A ,.(3/-5.( 68.(. (2/>->)+ A-6(D. K4*9 68. +*3)6-*4 *7 68.(. A-6( *4 68. )-/3/)76 )4, 98)6 68.1 3*46)-4 -4 3)(. *7 3/)(8 */ ,-638-4->)+. T8.(. A-6( )/. .=;.4(->. )4, 4*6 )+9)1( )>)-+)5+. 6* .>./1 (*+,-./. H*9.>./0 -7 1*2 A4*9 98)6 68.(. A-6( 3*46)-40 )4, *4 98)6 5)(-( 68.1 )/. 52-+60 1*2 9-++ 5. )5+. 6* ;+)4 )4, 6* ;/.;)/. 1*2/ *94 (2/>->)+ A-6 68)6 :)1 5. 5.66./ (2-6., 6* 1*2 68)4 )4 *77B68.B(8.+7 *4.. B4. E>.4 68. (:)++.(6 (2/>->)+ A-60 -7 ;/*;./+1 ;/.;)/.,0 -( -4>)+2)5+. 98.4 7)3., 9-68 ) (2/>->)+ ;/*5+.:. H*9.>./0 5.7*/. :)A-4< 1*2/ (2/>->)+ A-60 3*4(-,./ 1*2/ 24-6H( :-((-*40 68. *;./)6-*4)+ .4>-/*4:.460 )4, 68. .?2-;:.46 )4, >.8-3+.( )((--/*4:.46 -( 68. A.1 6* 68. 61;.( *7 -6.:( 1*2 9-++ 4.., -4 1*2/ (2/>->)+ A-6. H*9 :238 .?2-;:.46 1*2 ;26 -4 1*2/ A-6 ,.;.4,( *4 8*9 1*2 9-++ 3)//1 68. A-6. A A-6 3)//-., *4 1*2/ 5*,1 9-++ 8)>. 6* 5. (:)++./ 68)4 *4. 3)//-., -4 ) >.8-3+.. A+9)1( +)1./ 1*2/ (2/>->)+ A-6@5*,10 +*),B5.)/-4< >.(6 */ .?2-;:.460 )4, ;+)67*/: C/23A()3A0 >.8-3+.0 */ )-/3/)76D. K..; 68. :*(6 -:;*/6)46 -6.:( *4 1*2/ 5*,1. F*/ .=):;+.0 1*2/ :); )4, 3*:;)(( (8*2+, )+9)1( 5. *4 1*2/ 5*,10 )( (8*2+, 1*2/ 5)(-3 +-7.B(2(6)-4-4< -6.:( CA4-7.0 +-->)+ A-60 (.+.36 -6.:( 68)6 )/. :2+6-;2/;*(.0 3*:;)360 +-./1 24 8*2/(.

22

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lways drink water when eating. !)6./ -( 2(., )4, 3*4(2:., )( ) ;)/6 *7 68. ,--6-.( 526 ,/-4A 9)6./. I Ration water. U46-+ 1*2 7-4, ) (2-6)5+. (*2/3.0 /)6-*4 1*2/ (9.)60 4*6 1*2/ 9)6./. L-:-6 )36->-61 )4, 8.)6 ./)+ :.)4(. A 7-.+, ,/.((-4< 8*+,( )5*26 ".2% +-6./( C1R4 3)46..4D *7 7+2-,. A (*)A., TB(8-/6 8*+,( ".% 6* ".7% +-6./(. 4B12. Y*2 3)4 )+(* 2(. 68. ;2+(. )4, 5/.)68-4< /)6. 6* .(6-:)6. 7+2-, +*((. U(. 68. 7*++*9-4< )( ) )43., 3)/..I

FOOD 4B1 . A+68*2. (.>./)+ 9..A( 9-68*26 7**,0 1*2 4.., )4 ),.?2)6. ):*246 6* (6)1 8.)+681. !-68*26 7**, 1*2/ :.46)+ )4, ;81(-3)+ 3);)5-+-6-.( 9-++ ,.6./-*/)6. /);-,+1 )4, 1*2 9-++ 5.3*:. 9.)A. F**, ;/*>-,.( .4./-,.( >-6):-4(0 :-4./)+(0 ()+6(0 )4, *68./ .+.:.46( .((.46-)+ 6* )/1-4< ,.-,. 68. 3)+*/-.(0 3)/5*81,/)6.(0 7)6(0 )4, ;/*6.-4( 4..,., 7*/ 4*/:)+ ,)-+1 5*,1 72436-*4(. Y*2 (8*2+, 2(. /)6-*4( 6* )2.46-4< -47.36-*4 )4, ,-(.)(.. I6 5.3*:.( .>.4 :*/. -:;*/6)46 -4 ) (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4. P**/ 81->)+.

24

4B21. A ,)-+1 (8*9./ 9-68 8*6 9)6./ )4, (*); -( -,.)+0 526 1*2 3)4 (6)1 3+.)4 9-68*26 68-( +2=2/1. U(. ) 3+*68 )4, (*);1 9)6./ 6* 9)(8 1*2/(.+7. P)1 (;.3-)+ )66.46-*4 6* 68. 7..60 )/:;-6(0 3/*6380 8)4,(0 )4, 8)-/ )( 68.(. )/. ;/-:. )/.)( 7*/ -47.(6)6-*4 )4, -47.36-*4. I7 9)6./ -( (3)/3.0 6)A. )4 J)-/K 5)68. R.:*>. )( :238 *7 1*2/ 3+*68-4< )( ;/)36-3)+ )4, .=;*(. 1*2/ 5*,1 6* 68. (24 )4, )-/ 7*/ )6 +.)(6 1 8*2/. B. 3)/.72+ 4*6 6* (2452/4. 4B22. I7 1*2 ,*4H6 8)>. (*);0 2(. )(8.( */ ()4,0 */ :)A. (*); 7/*: )4-:)+ 7)6 )4, 9**, )(8.( -7 1*2/ (-62)6-*4 )++*9(. T* :)A. (*);@ E=6/)36 )6-*40 ,-./ 68. 9*24,. T8-( ;/.((2/. :2(6 4*6 *4+1 5. 7-/: .4*2. 68. 9*24, (-6.. N.>./ ;+)3. -6 ,-/.36+1 *>./ 68. 9*24, */ ) 7/)362/.. F-.46 +-:5 +*((. PREVENT AND TREAT SHOCK 4B%1. A46-3-;)6. (8*3A -4 )++ -4F2/., ;./(*44.+. T/.)6 )++ -4F2/., ;./(*4( )( 7*++*9(0 /..+ (2/7)3. 9-68 68. +*9./ .=6/.:-6-.( .+.>)6., 1% 6* 2" 3.46-:.6./( C6 6* $ -438.(D. I I7 68. >-36-: -( 243*4(3-*2(0 ;+)3. 8-: *4 8-( (-,. */ )5,*:.4 9-68 8-( 8.), 62/4., 6* *4. (-,. 6* ;/.>.46 38*A-4< *4 >*:-60 5+**,0 */ *68./ 7+2-,(.I

32

I7 1*2 )/. 24(2/. *7 68. 5.(6 ;*(-6-*40 ;+)3. 68. >-36-: ;./7.36+1 7+)6. O43. 68. >-36-: -( -4 ) (8*3A ;*(-6-*40 ,* 4*6 :*>. 8-:. I M)-46)-4 5*,1 8.)6 51 -4(2+)6-4< 68. >-36-: 7/*: 68. (2//*24,-4. )++ 68. >-36-:H( 9.6 3+*68-4< )( (**4 )( ;*((-5+. )4, /.;+)3. 9-68 ,/1 3+*68-4-(. ) (8.+6./ 6* -4(2+)6. 68. >-36-: 7/*: 68. 9.)68./. I U(. 9)/: +-?2-,( */ 7**,(0 ) ;/.9)/:., (+..;-4< 5)-,. .=6./4)+ 9)/:68. I I7 68. >-36-: -( 3*4(3-*2(0 (+*9+1 ),:-4-(6./ (:)++ ,*(.( *7 ) 9)/: ()+6 */ (2)-+)5+.. I I7 68. >-36-: -( 243*4(3-*2( */ 8)( )5,*:-4)+ 9*24,(0 ,* 4*6 . 7+2-,( 51 :*268. I H)>. 68. >-36-: /.(6 7*/ )6 +.)(6 24 8*2/(. I I7 1*2 )/. ) +*4. (2/>->*/0 +-. -4 ) ,.;/.((-*4 -4 68. )+ (-62)6-*4 3)4 )77.36 :*/)+.0 )4, 7)-+2/. 6* 6)A. ;/.>.46->. :.)(2/.( */ 7)-+2/. 6* 6/.)6 ) (4)A.5-6. ;/*;./+1 3)4 /.(2+6 -4 4..,+.(( 6/). /*9( *7 6..68 (8*9-4. *4. */ :*/. ,-(6-436->. ;24362/. :)/A( 3)2(., 51 7)4< ;.4.6/)6-*4. S1:;6*:( *7 ) ;*-(*4*2( 5-6. :)1 5. (;*46)4.*2( 5+..,-4.4*2( CIVD :.)4(. I R.:*>. 9)638.(0 /-4. 68. ;*-(*4 )( (**4 )( ;*((-5+. 51 2(-4< ) :.38)4-3)+ (236-*4 ,.>-3.. D* 4*6 (?2..G. 68. (-6. *7 68. 5-6.. 4B$7. Y*2 (8*2+, )+(* /.:.:5./ 7*2/ >./1 -:;*/6)46 . 68. >-36-: )+3*8*+-3 5.>./)./ . )6/*;-4.N G->. :*/;8-4. */ *68./ 3.46/)+ 4./>*2( (1(6.: CCNSD ,.;/.((*/(. I M)A. )41 ,..; 326( )6 68. 5-6. (-6.. C266-4< *;.4( 3);-++)/-.( 68)6 -4 62/4 *;.4 ) ,-/.36 /*26. -46* 68. 5+**, (6/.): 7*/ >.4*: )4, -47.36-*4.I

NOTE: I7 :.,-3)+ 6/.)6:.46 -( *>./ 1 8*2/ )9)10 :)A. )4 -43-(-*4 C4* +*4./ .)38 ;24362/.0 3266-4< F2(6 ,..; .4*2->)+ (-62)6-*40 4*6 *4+1 5.3)2(. *7 6-((2. ,):)-,2)+H( (A-4 )4, 3+*68-4.+10 7-/(6 ,.6./:-4. 98)6 -( 3)2(-4< -6. T8-( ,.6./:-4)6-*4 :)1 5. ,-77-32+6 .>.4 -4 68. 5.(6 *7 (-62)6-*4(. O5(./>. 68. 7*++*9-4< /2+.( 6* 6/.)6 /)(8.(EI I7 -6 -( :*-(60 A..; -6 ,/1. I I7 -6 -( ,/10 A..; -6 :*-(6. I D* 4*6 (3/)638 -6.

4B1"2. U(. ) 3*:;/.(( *7 >-4.., 7/*: 6.) */ 7/*: 5*-+-4< )3*/4( */ 68. 5)/A *7 ) 8)/,9**, 6/.. 6* ,/1 9..;-4< /)(8.(. K..; ,/1 /)(8.( :*-(6 51 /255-4< ) (:)++ ):*246 *7 /.4,./., )4-:)+ 7)6 */ .( 68. ;)-4 (*:.98)60 (..:( 6* 8.+; (;.., 8.)+-4-/*4:.46)+ -4F2/-.( 1*2 3*2+, 7)3. -4 ) (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4. R.), )4, 7*++*9 68. -,., 5.+*9. HEATSTROKE 4B1"6. T8. 5/.)A,*94 *7 68. 5*,1H( 8.)6 /.)-+)5+.0 ,*2(. 68. >-36-: 9-68 2/-4.0 9)6./0 */ )6 68. >./1 +.)(60 );;+1 3**+ 9.6 3*:;/.((.( 6* )++ 68. F*-46(0 .(;.3-)++1 68. 4.3A0 )/:;-6(0 )4, 3/*638. B. (2/. 6* 9.6 68. >-36-:H( 8.),. H.)6 +*(( 68/*2-,2)+.

44

4B1"7. Y*2 3)4 .=;.36 68. 7*++*9-4< (1:;6*:( ,2/-4< 3**+-4. )++ 9.6 3+*68.( )4, -36-: -46* ,/1 3+*68-4-,-4< (A-4B6*B(A-4 3*46)36. I7 68. >-36-: -( 24)5+. 6* ,/-4A 9)/: 7+2-,(0 /.36)+ /.81,/)6-*4 :)1 5. 2(.,. DIARRHEA 4B11%. A 3*::*40 ,.5-+-6)6-4< )-+:.46 3)2(., 51 38)4.46->. :.,-3-4.. H*9.>./0 -7 1*2 . )46-,-)//8.)+ :.,-3-4.0 *4. *7 68. 7*++*9-4< 6/.)6:.46( :)1 5. .77.36->.EI L-:-6 1*2/ I D/-4A *4.

-46)A. *7 7+2-,( 7*/ 24 8*2/(. 32; *7 ) (6/*4< 6.) (*+26-*4 .>./1 2 8*2/( 246-+ 68. ,-)//8.) (+*9( */ (6*;(. T8. 6)44-3 )3-, -4 68. 6.) 8.+;( 6* 3*46/*+ 68. ,-)//8.). B*-+ 68. -44./ 5)/A *7 ) 8)/,9**, 6/.. 7*/ 2 8*2/( */ :*/. 6* /.+.)(. 68. 6)44-3 )3-,. I M)A. ) (*+26-*4 *7 *4. 8)4,72+ *7 . (*:. );;+. ;*:)3. */ 68. /-4,( *7 3-6/2( 7/2-60 ),, )4 .?2)+ ;*/6-*4 6* 68. :-=62/. 6* :)A. -6 :*/. .77.36->.. T)A. 2 6)5+.(;**4( *7 68. (*+26-*4 .>./1 2 8*2/( 246-+ 68. ,-)//8.) (+*9( */ (6*;(. INTESTINAL PARASITES 4B116. Y*2 3)4 2(2)++1 )>*-, 9*/: -47.(6)6-*4( )4, *68./ -46.(6-4)+ ;)/)(-6.( -7 1*2 6)A. ;/.>.46->. :.)(2/.(. F*/ .=):;+.0 4.>./ . 9)1 6* ;/.>.46 -46.(6-4)+ ;)/)(-6.( -( 6* )>*-, 243**A., :.)60 4.>./ .)6 /)9 >../1 ,)4. *4+1 -7 68.1 )/. ) (6.),1 ;)/6 *7 1*2/ ,-.6. Y*2 3)4 .)6 68.: /)9 */ ;26 68.: -4 (*2;( */ /-3. )4, :.)6 ,-(8.(. T8.1 3/.)6. )4 .4>-/*4:.46 68)6 -( ;/*8-5-6->. 6* ;)/)(-6-3 )66)38:.46. I )arlic. C8*; */ 3/2(8 4 3+*>.(0 :-= 9-68 1 . 61;.( *7 :.,-3-4. -4>*+>-4< ,.6./:-4)6-*40 3*::*4 (.4(.0 )4, ) 7.9 (-:;+. 6/.)6:.46(. H*9.>./0 -4 :)41 )/.)( *7 68. 9*/+, 68. ;.*;+. (6-++ ,.;.4, *4 +*3)+ J9-638 ,*36*/(K */ 8.)+./( 6* 32/. 68.-/ )-+:.46(. M)41 *7 68. 8./5( C;+)46(D )4, 6/.)6:.46( 68.1 2(. )/. )( .77.36->. )( 68. :*(6 :*,./4 :.,-3)6-*4( )>)-+)5+.. I4 7)360 :)41 :*,./4 :.,-3)6-*4( 3*:. 7/*: /.7-4., 8./5(. $ARNING U(. 8./5)+ :.,-3-4.( 9-68 .=6/.:. 3)/.0 )4, *4+1 98.4 1*2 +)3A */ 8)>. +-:-6., :.,-3)+ (2;;+-.(. S*:. 8./5)+ :.,-3-4.( )/. ,)4-,.( 9)/:68 -4 68. 7*/: *7 8.)6., 7**, 68)6 ()>.( 3)+*/-.( *2/ 5*,1 4*/:)++1 2(.( 6* ;/*,23. 5*,1 8.)6. Y*2 3)4 2(. 7-/. 6* ;2/-71 9)6./0 (6./-+-G. 5)4,). /.(*/6., 6* .)6-4< .>./168-4< -:))-+)5+. 6* :)-46)-4 1*2/ 8.)+68. S*:. 3+)((.( *7 )4-:)+( )4, -4(.36( :)1 5. .)6.4 /)9 -7 4.3.(()/10 526 1*2 (8*2+,0 -7 ;*((-5+.0 68*/*2./ ;*((-5+. 6* )>*-, -++4.((. INSECTS $B . T8. :*(6 )524,)46 )4, .)(-+1 3)2-,. 6% 6* $" ;./3.46 ;/*6.-4 3*:;)/., 6* 2" ;./3.46 7*/ 5..7. T8-( 7)36 :)A.( -4(.36( )4 -:;*/6)460 -7 4*6 *>./+1 );;.6-G-4*-, -43+2,. )++ ),2+6( 68)6 (6-4< */ 5-6.0 8)-/1 */ 5/-. ) ;24*-, (;-,./( )4, 3*::*4 ,-(.)(. 3)//-./( (238 )( 6-3A(0 7+-.(0 )4, :*(?2-6*.(. $B4. R*66-4< +*./+**A -4(.36 4.(6( *4 */ -4 68. )/-.61.

88

S)+):)4,./( )/. 7*24, )/*24, 68. 9)6./. T8.1 )/. 38)/)36./-G., 51 (:**680 :*-(6 (A-4 )4, 8)>. *4+1 7*2/ 6*.( *4 .)38 7**6. REPTILES $B21. R.;6-+.( )/. ) .+1 .)(1 6* 3)638. T8*/*2. 9-68 /.;6-+.(. A++ /.;6-+.( )/. 3*4(-,./., 6* 5. 3)//-./( *7 ()+:*4.++)0 98-38 .=-(6( 4)62/)++1 *4 68.-/ (A-4. T2/6+.( )4, (4)A.( )/. .(;.3-)++1 A4*94 6* -47.36 :)4. I7 1*2 )/. -4 )4 24,./4*2/-(8., (6)6. )4, 1*2/ -::24. (1(6.: -( 9.)A0 ()+:*4.++) 3)4 5. ,.),+1. C**A 7**, 68*/*2. 6*.( *4 .)38 7**6. T8. *4+1 ;*-(*4*2( *4.( )/. 68. G-+) :*4(6./ )4, 68. M.=-3)4 5.),., +-G)/,. C)/. :2(6 5. 6)A.4 98.4 8)4,+-4< )4, ;/.;)/-4< 68. --/2( -4 68.-/ :*268 )4, 6..68. T8. 6)-+ :.)6 -( 68. 5.(6 6)(6-4< )4, .)(-.(6 6* ;/.;)/.. $B22. T2/6+.( )/. ) >./1 .4 ,-77./.46 7+)>*/( *7 :.)6 -4 .)38 (4);;-4< 62/6+.. M*(6 *7 68. :.)6 9-++ 3*:. 7/*: 68. 7/*46 )4, /.)/ (8*2+,./ )/.)0 )+68*2-/*4:.460 6/); )4, (4)/. 3*43.)+:.46 -( -:;*/6)46. H*9.>./0 -6 -( .?2)++1 -:;*/6)46 4*6 6* 3/.)6. ) ,-(62/5)43. 68)6 9-++ )+)/: 68. )4-:)+ )4, 3)2(. -6 6* )>*-, 68. 6/);. T8./.7*/.0 -7 1*2 :2(6 91

,-. )++ 7/.(8 ,-/6 7/*: 68. )/.). M*(6 )4-:)+( 9-++ -4(6-436->.+1 )>*-, ) ;-67)++B61;. 6/);. P/.;)/. 68. >)/-*2( ;)/6( *7 ) 6/); */ (4)/. )9)1 7/*: 68. (-6.0 3)//1 68.: -40 )4, (.6 68.: 2;. S238 )36-*4( :)A. -6 .)(-./ 6* )>*-, ,-(62/5-4< 68. +*3)+ >.. >...+*;., (.4(. *7 (:.++0 4.)/+1 )++ :)::)+( ,.;.4, *4 (:.++ .>.4 :*/. 68)4 *4 (-.4 68. (+-*-, 68. )/.). A362)++1 /.:*>-4< 68. (3.46 7/*: ) 6/); -( ,-77-32+6 526 :)(A-4< -6 -( /.+)6->.+1 .)(1. U(. 68. 7+2-, 7/*: 68. -*2( A-++(. D* 4*6 2(. 82:)4 2/-4.. M2,0 ;)/6-32+)/+1 7/*: )4 )/.) 9-68 ;+.461 *7 /*66-4< >.. 6.384-?2.( -( 4*6 ;/)36-3)+0 )4, -7 6-:. ;./:-6(0 )++*9 ) 6/); 6* 9.)68./ 7*/ ) 7.9 ,)1( )4, 68.4 (.6 -6. D* 4*6 8)4,+. ) 6/); 98-+. -6 -( 9.)68./-4*-, )+)/:-4< 68. ;/.1. $B 2. T/);( */ (4)/.( ;+)3., *4 ) 6/)-+ */ /24 (8*2+, 2(. 7244.+-4< */ 38)44.+-G)6-*4. T* 52-+, ) 38)44.+0 3*4(6/236 ) 7244.+B(8);., 5)//-./ .=6.4,-4< 7/*: 68. (-,.( *7 68. 6/)-+ 6*9)/, 68. 6/);0 9-68 68. 4)//*9.(6 ;)/6 4.)/.(6 68. 6/);. C8)44.+-G)6-*4 (8*2+, 5. -43*4(;-32*2( 6* )>*-, )+./6-4< 68. ;/.1. A( 68. )4-:)+ . 6* 5. )4 -:;)(()5+. 5)//-./. Y*2 *4+1 8)>. 6* :)A. -6 -43*4>.4-.46 7*/ 68. )4-:)+ 6* ./ */ 68/*2.46 72/68./ 3*46)36. T8.4 326 68. (A-4 ,*94 68. 5*,1 2 6* 4 3.46-:.6./( C1 6* 1 1R2 -438.(D. P..+ 68. (A-4 5)3A0 68.4 ./ ,*.( 4*6 -4,-3)6. 1*2 3)44*6 .)6 68. :2(3+. 6-((2.. $B79. C26 )+*4< .)38 +.< 7/*: )5*>. 68. 7**6 6* 68. ;/.>-*2(+1 :),. 5*,1 326. R.:*>. 68. 8-,. 51 ;2++-4< -6 )9)1 7/*: 68. 3)/3)((0 3266-4< 68. 3*44.36->. 6-((2. 98./. 4.3.(()/1. C26 *77 68. 8.), )4, 7..6. $B$". C26 +)/./()+ E,-5-+-61 T.(6 6* ,.6./:-4. 98-38 ;+)46( 1*2 3)4 .)6 )4, 98-38 6* )>*-,. 9B4. I6 -( -:;*/6)46 6* 5. )5+. 6* /.3*)6., )4, 9-+, .,-5+. ;+)46( -4 ) (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4. M*(6 *7 68. -47*/:)6-*4 -4 68-( 38);6./ -( ,-/.36., 6*9)/, -,.46-71-4< 9-+, ;+)46( 5.3)2(. -47*/:)6-*4 /.+)6-4< 6* 32+6->)6., ;+)46( -( :*/. /.),-+1 )>)-+)5+..

113

9B%. C*4(-,./ 68. 7*++*9-4< 98.4 3*++.36-4< 9-+, ;+)46( 7*/ 7**,E P+)46( .+*; .=6/.:.+1 ,)4*-, 24A4*94 9-+, ;+)46(. I7 1*2 )/. .=6/.:.+1 (.4(-6->. 6* ;*-(*4 ->10 )>*-, ;/*,236( 7/*: 68-( 7):-+10 -43+2,-4< )41 ;)/6( 7/*: (2:)3(0 :)4./)+ 38)4. 68.(. 5-66./ ;/*;./6-.(. I M)41 >)+2)5+. 9-+, ;+)46( 8)>. 8-.@

117

I M-+A1 */ ,-(3*+*/., ();. I B.)4(0 52+5(0 */ (..,( -4(-,. ;*,(. I A 5-66./ */ (*);1 6)(6.. I S;-4.(0 7-4. 8)-/(0 */ 68*/4(. I F*+-).(. I G/)-4 8.),( 9-68 ;-4A0 ;2/;+-(80 */ 5+)3A (;2/(. I A 68/..B+.)7., . 3/-6./-) )( .+-:-4)6*/( 98.4 38**(-4< ;+)46( 7*/ 68. U4->./()+ E,-5-+-61 T.(6 9-++ 3)2(. 1*2 6* )>*-, (*:. .,-5+. ;+)46(. M*/. -:;*/6)460 68.(. 3/-6./-) 9-++ *76.4 8.+; 1*2 )>*-, ;+)46( 68)6 )/. ;*6.46-)++1 6*=-3 6* .)6 */ 6*238. 9B1$. A4 .46-/. .4313+*;.,-) *7 .,-5+. 9-+, ;+)46( 3*2+, 5. 9/-66.40 526 (;)3. +-:-6( 68. 42:5./ *7 ;+)46( ;/.(.46., 8./.. L.)/4 )( :238 )( ;*((-5+. )5*26 68. ;+)46 +-7. *7 68. )/.)( 98./. 1*2 6/)-4 /..+-4< */ 9*/A-4-;./ :Agkistrodon halys4 A,*4.- -/2 A:4I

130

I B**:(+)4< C/ispholid&s typ&sD I C*5/) C1a9a (;.3-.(D I G)5**4 >-;./ C*itis ga%onicaD I G/..4 6/.. ;-6 >-;./ C$rimeres&r&s gramine&sD I H)52 ;-6 >-;./ C$rimeres&r&s 2lavoviridisD I K/)-6 C*&ngar&s caer&le&sD I M)+)1)4 ;-6 >-;./ CCallaselasma rhodostomaD I M):5) C/endraspis (;.3-.(D I P277 ),,./ C*itis arietansD I R8-4*3./*( >-;./ C*itis nasicornisD I R2((.++H( >-;./ C'ipera r&sselliiD I S)4, >-;./ CCerastes viperaD I S)9B(3)+., >-;./ C8chis carinat&sD I !)-;./ C$rimeres&r&s wagleriD

A3:0*-*-, 68.:. T8.1 )/. 3);)5+. *7 *+6( *7 .+.36/-3-61 -4 3./6)-4 */./ (1(6.:( -4 S*268 A:./-3). T8.1 (..: 6* ;/.7./ (8)++*9 9)6./( 68)6 )/. :*/. 8-)/1 . ) 3*:5-4)6-*4 *7 */)4. 98-6.0 /)G*/B (8)/; 6..68 68)6 )/. 3+.)/+1 >-(-5+.. T8.1 :)1 5. )( +*4< )( %" 3.46-:.6./( C2" -438.(D. U(. .. B+**, )66/)36( 68.:. T8.1 )/. :*(6 ,)4.( +->. -4 68. A6+)46-3 O3.)4. 11B . S6*4.7-(8 CSynance9a (;.3-.(D )/. -4 68. P)3-7-3 )4, I4,-)4 *3.)4(. T8.1 3)4 -4F.36 ) ;)-472+ >.4*: 7/*: 68.-/ ,*/()+ (;-4.( 98.4 (6.;;., *4 */ 8)4,+., 3)/.+.((+1. T8.1 )/. )+:*(6 -:;*((-5+. 6* (.. 5.3)2(. *7 68.-/ +2:;1 (8);. )4, ,/)5 3*+*/(. T8.1 /)4.4*:*2( (;-4.( *4 68. 5)3A )4, -,.( :*/. ,.6)-+( *4 68.(. >.4*:*2( 7-(8 )4, 6*=-3 :*++2(A(. 11B %. T8. +->./( *7 ;*+)/ 5.)/( )/. 3*4(-,./., 6*=-3 ,2. 6* 8--6):-4 A. T8./. -( ) 38)43. *7 ,.)68 )76./ .)6-4< 68-( */*3)6-*4. T8.1 *33)(-*4)++1 3)//1 68. ;*-(*4 3-. ) >.4*:*2( 8)/;**4 +-A. 5)/5. A++ 8)>. ) 7-4. 4.6+-A. ;)66./4 *4 68. (8.++. A :.:5/)4. :)1 ;*((-5+1 *5(32/. 68-( 3*+*/)6-*4. T8./. )/. (*:. >./1 ;*-(*4*2( 3*4. (8.++(0 .>.4 (*:. +.68)+ *4.( -4 68. I4,-)4 )4, P)3-7-3 *3.)4(. A>*-, )41 (8.++ (8);., +-A. )4 -3. 3/.): 3*4.. 11B44. T8. )2.4*: -4 68.-/ (6-4->)+ (-62)6-*4. I:)->)+ (-62)6-*4 9-68*26 )41 9.);*4(0 6**+(0 */ .?2-;:.46 .=3.;6 1*2/ A4-7.. I6 3*2+, 8);;.4N Y*2 :-.4 5. 9-68*26 ) A4-7.. Y*2 9*2+, ;/*5)5+1 7..+ 8.+;+.((0 526 9-68 68. ;/*;./ A4*9+.,-(. 4..,., -6.:(. I4 (2/>->)+ (-62)6-*4(0 1*2 :)1 8)>. 6* 7)(8-*4 )41 42:5./ )4, 61;. *7 7-.+,B .=;.,-.46 6**+( )4, .?2-;:.46 6* (2/>->.. T8. 4.., 7*/ )4 -6.: :2(6 *269.-*+>., -4 :)A-4< -6. Y*2 (8*2+, )(A0 JI( -6 4.3.(()/1 */ F2(6 4-3. 6* 8)>.LK R.:.:5./ 68)6 24,2. 8)(6. :)A.( 9)(6.. E=):;+.( *7

135

6**+( )4, .?2-;:.46 68)6 3*2+, :)A. 1*2/ +-7. :238 .)(-./ )/. /*;.( CA;;.4,-= GD0 /23A()3A(0 3+*68.(0 )4, 4.6(. !.);*4( (./>. ) ,2)+ ;2/;*(.. Y*2 2(. 68.: 6* *56)-4 )4, ;/.;)/. 7**, )4, 6* ;/*>-,. (.+7B,.7.4(.. A 9.);*4 3)4 )+(* . 1*2 ) 7..+-4< *7 (.32/-61 )4, ;/*>-,. 1*2 9-68 68. )5-+-61 6* 8246 *4 68. :*>..

STAFFS12B1. A (6)77 (8*2+, 5. *4. *7 68. 7-/(6 6**+( 1*2 *56)-4. F*/ 9)+A-4-,.( (2;;*/6 )4, 8.+;( -4 )(3.4,-4< )4, ,.(3.4,-4< (6..; (+*;.(. I6 ;/*>-,.( (*:. 9.);*4H( 3);)5-+-6-.( -7 2(., ;/*;./+10 .(;.3-)++1 )./0 68. 3+25 3)4 .=6.4, 1*2/ )/.) *7 ,.7.4(. 5.1*4, 1*2/ 7-4.( 6* -43/.)(. 68. 7*/3. *7 ) 5+*9 9-68*26 -4F2/-4< 1*2/(.+7. T8. 68/.. 5)(-3 61;.( *7 3+25( )/. .=;+)-4., 5.+*9. SIMPLE CLUB 12B . A (-:;+. 3+25 -( ) (6)77 */ 5/)438. I6 :2(6 5. (8*/6 .4*2.(. H*9.>./0 68.(. 3*46)-4./( 9-++ 52/4 )5*>. 68. 9)6./+-4. 24+.(( 1*2 A..; 68.: :*-(6 */ A..; 68. 7-/. +*9. 12B41. A (.36-*4 *7 5):5** )+(* 9*/A( >./1 9.++ 7*/ 3**A-4.. B):5** -( 68. 5.(6 9**, 7*/ :)A-4< 3**A-4< 3*46)-4./(. 12B44. T* 2(. 62/6+. (8.++(0 7-/(6 68*/*2./ ) 7+):. CF-),. -4 )/-, */ ,.(./6 )/.)(0 1*2 :2(6 24,./(6)4, )4, ;/.;)/. 7*/ 68. .4>-/*4:.46 1*2 9-++ 7)3.. Y*2 :2(6 ,.6./:-4. 1*2/ .?2-;:.46 4..,(0 68. 6)36-3( 1*2 9-++ 2(.0 )4, 8*9 68. .4>-/*4:.46 9-++ )77.36 1*2 )4, 1*2/ 6)36-3(. Y*2/ (2/>->)+ 9-++ ,.;.4, 2;*4 1*2/ A4*9+.,->..

TERRAIN1 B1. M*(6 )/-, )/.)( 8)>. (.>./)+ 61;.( *7 6.//)-4. T8. 7->. 5)(-3 ,.(./6 6.//)-4 61;.( )/.@I M*246)-4*2( C8-./ )4, 3*43.)+:.46 :)1 5. >./1 +-:-6.,M 68./.7*/.0 68. 68/.)6 *7 .=;*(2/. 6* 68. .4.:1 /.:)-4( 3*4(6)46. MOUNTAIN DESERTS 1 B . S3)66./., /)4. ) 8-. /.+)6->.+1 (+-. 7+)6 )/.)( 9-68 ?2)46-6-.( *7 (*+-, */ 5/*A.4 /*3A )6 */ 4.)/ 68. (2/7)3.. T8./. :)1 5. (6..;B9)++.,0 ./*,., >)++.1(0 A4*94 )( 9),-( -4 68. M-,,+. E)(6 )4, )//*1*( */ 3)41*4( -4 68. U4-6., S6)6.( )4, M.=-3*. A+68*2. )( )((.:5+1 )/.)(0 68. 4)//*9./ >)++.1( 3)4 5. .=6/.:.+1 ,)4./., 9-68 ()4, */ .+. JF+)6K -( ) /.+)6->. 6./:0 )( (*:. )/.)( :)1 3*46)-4 ()4, ,24.( 68)6 )/. *>./ "" :.6./( C10""" 7..6D 8-)/1 7/*: 4*4. 6* (3/25 *>./ 2 :.6./( C7 7..6D 8-./)+ 824,/., :.6./( 9-,. )4, ,..;. T8. ,-/.36-*4 -6 6)A.( >)/-.( )( :238 )( -6( 9-,68 )4, ,.;68. I6 69-(6( )4, 62/4( )4, 7*/:( ) :)G.+-A. ;)66./4. A 9),- 9-++ . 1*2 ./ )4, 3*43.)+:.460 526 ,* 4*6 6/1 6* :*>. 68/*2./1 ,-77-32+6 6.//)-4 6* 4.->-4< )4, .>),-4< 68. .4.:1 -4 )4 )/-, )/.) ,.;.4,( *4 98)6 1*2 A4*9 )4, 8*9 ;/.;)/., 1*2 )/. 7*/ 68. .4>-/*4:.46)+ 3*4,-6-*4( 1*2 9-++ 7)3.. D.6./:-4. 98)6 .?2-;:.46 1*2 9-++ 4..,0 68. 6)36-3( 1*2 9-++ 2(.0 )4, 68. .4>-/*4:.46H( -:;)36 *4 68.: )4, 1*2. 1 B1". I4 ) ,.(./6 )/.) 68./. )/. (.>.4 .4>-/*4:.46)+ 7)36*/( 68)6 1*2 :2(6 3*4(-,./@I L*9 /)-47)++. I I46.4(. (24+-.. 1 B2%. T8-( :-/)->)+ -( 24,./(6)4,-4< 68. /.+)6-*4(8-; 5.69..4 ;81(-3)+ )36->-610 )-/ 6.:;./)62/.0 )4, 9)6./ 3*4(2:;6-*4. T8. 5*,1 /.?2-/.( ) 3./6)-4 ):*246 *7 9)6./ 7*/ ) 3./6)-4 +.>.+ *7 )36->-61 )6 ) 3./6)-4 6.:;./)62/.. F*/ .=):;+.0 ) ;./(*4 ;./7*/:-4< 8)/, 9*/A -4 68. (24 )6 4 ,../1 8*2/. I A6 6.:;./)62/.( )5*>. $ ,.*/ )/. ./. :2(3+. 3/):;( -4 +.-610 . (.>./. :2(3+. 3/):;( )4, ;)-4. T/.)6 )( 7*/ 8.)6 .=8)2(6-*40 5.+*9. HEAT EXHAUSTION 1 B 7. A +)/. (9.)6-4-36-: *7 )4 )-/3/)76 3/)(80 68. :*(6 -:;*/6)46 -6.:( 6* 6)A. 9-68 1*2 7/*: 68. 3/)(8 (-6. )/. ) :)38.6.0 ) 3*:;)((0 ) 7-/(6 )-, A-60 )4, ) ;)/)3826. */ *68./ :)6./-)+ 7*/ 2(. )( :*(?2-6* 4.66-4< )4, (8.+6./. 14B 1. T)A. (8.+6./ 7/*: 6/*;-3)+ /)-40 (240 )4, -4(.36(. M)+)/-)B3)//1-4< :*(?2-6*.( )4, *68./ -4(.36( )/. -::.,-)6. ,)4-4.(0 /**6(0 ;)+: 6/..(0 )4, 3*4,.4()6-*4. Y*2 3)4 (*:.6-:.( 7*++*9 )4-:)+( 6* 9)6./. O76.4 1*2 3)4 . ,/-4A)5+. 9)6./. S*:. :)1 .>.4 8)>. ) ;*-(*4*2( ();. T8. ;*-(*4*2( *4.( 1-.+, ) (6-3A10 :-+A1 (); 98.4 326. N*4B;*-(*4*2( >-4.( 9-++ . ) 3+.)/ 7+2-,. S*:. >-4.( 3)2(. ) (A-4 -//-6)6-*4 *4 3*46)36M 68./.7*/. +.6 68. +-?2-, ,/-; -46* 1*2/ :*2680 /)68./ 68)4 ;26 1*2/ :*268 6* 68. >-4.. P/.7./)5+10 2(. (*:. 61;. *7 3*46)-4./. U(. 68. ;/*3.,2/. ,.(3/-5., -4 C8);6./ 6 6* *56)-4 9)6./ 7/*: ) >-4.. R110: 1 $ 14B41. I4 A2(6/)+-)0 68. 9)6./ 6/..0 ,.(./6 *)A0 )4, 5+**, 9**, 8)>. /**6( 4.)/ 68. (2/7)3.. P/1 68.(. /**6( *26 *7 68. ./()/1 68)6 3)4 5. )( ,)4./1 6-:. 1*2 >.462/. -46* 68. 3*+,0 1*2 )/. ;-66-4< 1*2/(.+7 )./3*:. 68. .+.:.46(. A( 1*2 /.:*>. *4. */ :*/. *7 68.(. 7)36*/(0 (2/>->)+ 5.3*:.( -43/.)(-4.4 ,2/-4< (2441 )4, 3+.)/ 9.)68./. C*+, -( ) 7)/ ->)+ 68)4 -6 );;.)/(. I6 ,.3/.)(.( 1*2/ )5-+-61 6* 68-4A )4, 9.)A.4( 1*2/ 9-++ 6* ,* )4168-4< .=3.;6 6* ->.. C*+, :)A.( -6 >./1 .)(1 6* 7*/..

COLD REGIONS AND LOCATIONS1%B1. C*+, /..4 :*/. 7/*: 68. 24;/*6.36., 4.3A0 9/-(60 )4, )4A+.(. T8.(. )/.)( *7 68. 5*,1 )/. . >./1 +-66+. -4(2+)6-4< 7)6. T8. 5/)-4 -( >./1 (2(3.;6-5+. 6* 3*+, )4, 3)4 (6)4, 68. +.)(6 ):*246 *7 3**+-4./ 1*2/ 8.),. 1%B1". T8./. )/. 7*2/ 5)(-3 ;/-43-;+.( 6* 7*++*9 6* A..; 9)/:. A4 .)(1 9)1 6* /.:.:5./ 68.(. 5)(-3 ;/-43-;+.( -( 6* 2(. 68. 9*/, COLDER )( 7*++*9(E CBK..; 3+*68-4< 3+.)4. T8-( ;/-43-;+. -( )+9)1( -:;*/6)46 7*/ ()4-6)6-*4 )4, 3*:7*/6. I4 9-46./0 -6 -( )+(* -:;*/6)46 7/*: 68. (6)4,;*-46 *7 9)/:68. C+*68.( :)66., 9-68 ,-/6 )4, )+2.. H.)6 3)4 .(3);. :*/. .)(-+1 7/*: 68. 5*,1 68/*2./8.)6-41 *26./ :-66.4(0 */ 51 68/*9-4< 5)3A 1*2/ ;)/A) 8**, */ 38)4./)+ +)1./( *7 +-.46 .=3.((->. (9.)6-4< */ 6* -43/.)(. 9)/:68.I

DBK..; 3+*68-4< ,/1. I4 3*+, 6.:;./)62/.(0 1*2/ -44./ +)1./( *7 3+*68-4< 3)4 5.3*:. 9.6 7/*: (9.)6 )4, 1*2/ *26./ +)1./0 -7 4*6 9)6./ /.;.++.460 3)4 5.3*:. 9.6 7/*: (4*9 )4, 7/*(6 :.+6., 51 5*,1 8.)6. !.)/ 9)6./ /.;.++.46 *26./ 3+*68-4)-+)5+.. I6 9-++ (8., :*(6 *7 68. 9)6./ 3*++.36., 7/*: :.+6-4< (4*9 )4, 7/*(6. B.7*/. .46./-4< ) 8.)6., (8.+6./0 5/2(8 *77 68. (4*9 )4, 7/*(6. D.(;-6. 68. ;/.3)26-*4( 1*2 6)A.0 68./. 9-++ 5. 6-:.( 98.4 1*2 3)44*6 A..; 7/*: .4 5. )5+. 6* ,/1 .)38 -6.: 51 8*+,-4< -6 5.7*/. )4 *;.4 7-/.. D/1 +.)68./ -6.:( (+*9+1. I7 4* *68./ :.)4( )/. )>)-+)5+. 7*/ ,/1-4< 1*2/ 5**6(0 ;26 68.: 5.69..4 1*2/ (+..;-4< 5)< (8.++ )4, +-4./. Y*2/ 5*,1 8.)6 9-++ 8.+; 6* ,/1 68. +.)68./.I EBE=):-4. I

1*2/ 24-7*/: 7*/ 9*/4 )/.)(0 6.)/(0 )4, 3+.)4+-4.((.

RBR.;)-/ 1*2/ 24-7*/: .)/+1 5.7*/. 6.)/( )4, 8*+.( 5.3*:. 6** +)/-(., (.9-4< A-6( 3)4 5. :),. 7/*: 5*4.(0 ;+)46 7-5./(0 %%" 3*/,0 )4, +)/10 ,*94B+-4., (+..;-4< 5)< -( ) >)+2)5+. ;-.3. *7 (2/>->)+ )+2.. I7 1*2 ,* 4*6 8)>. ) (+..;-4< 5).(0 ;-4. 4..,+.(0 */ :*((. P+)3. 68. ,/1 :)6./-)+ 5.69..4 69* +)1./( *7 68. :)6./-)+. 1%B12. O68./ -:;*/6)46 (2/>->)+ -6.:( )/. ) A4-7.M 9)6./;/**7 :)638.( -4 ) 9)6./;/**7 3*46)-4./0 ;/.7./)5+1 *4. 9-68 ) 7+-46 )66)38.,M ) ,2/)5+. 3*:;)((M :);M 9)638M 9)6./;/**7 ./M 7+)(8+-.462/-4< 72/68./. O43. 1*2 8)>. (.+.36., -6.:( 68)6 )/. .((.46-)+ 7*/ 1*2/ (2/>->)+0 ,* 4*6 +*(. 68.: )76./ 1*2 .46./ ) 3*+, 9.)68./ .4>-/*4:.46.

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

COLD INJURIES1%B22. T8. 5.(6 9)1 6* ,.)+ 9-68 -4F2/-.( )4, (-3A4.((.( -( 6* 6)A. :.)(2/.( 6* ;/.>.46 68.: 7/*: 8);;.4-4< -4 68. 7-/(6 ;+)3.. T/.)6 )41 -4F2/1 */ (-3A4.(( 68)6 *332/( )( (**4 )( ;*((-5+. 6* ;/.>.46 -6 7/*: 9*/(.4-4-36-: 7/*: 68. 9)/: 9)6./. I6( ;/*5)5+. 3)2(. -( 68. /.62/4 *7 ;/.>-*2(+1 (6). 7/..G-4./., )/.) 3)2(.( 68-( 3*4,-6-*4. T8. (1:;6*:( *7 (4*9 5+-4,4.(( )/. ) (.4()6-*4 *7 ./ 68. .1.( 68)6 -43/.)(.( 9-68 .1.5)++ :*>.:.460 /., )4, 6.)/1 .1.(0 )4, ) 8.),)38. 68)6 -46.4(-7-.( 9-68 3*46-42., .=;*(2/. 6* +--4< 1*2/(.+7 5.3)2(. *7 68. 3*+,0 .)6-4< ,.81,/)6., 7**,(0 ,/-4A-4< 6** +-66+. +-?2-,0 )4, -//.. *4+1 (4*9 )( 52-+,-4< :)6./-)+. !**,., )/.)( ;/*>-,. 6-:5./ 7*/ (8.+6./ 3*4(6/236-*40 9**, 7*/ 7-/.0 3*43.)+:.46 7/*: *5(./>)6-*40 )4, ;/*6.36-*4 7/*: 68. 9-4,. NOTE: I4 .=6/.:. 3*+,0 ,* 4*6 2(. :.6)+0 (238 )( )4 )-/3/)76 72(.+). (8.+6./ CF-. ,9.++-4< 5.3)2(. *7 68. -4(2+)6-4< ?2)+-6-.( *7 (4*9. R.:.:5./ 68)6 -6 6)A.( 6-:. )4, .4./.46-+)6-*4 (8)76. I7 1*2 ,* 4*6 8)>. ) ,/-76 +)/)/-)6-*4 *7 -6 51 ;-+-4< (4*9 -46* ) :*24, +)/.( 7/.?2.46+1 2(. 68-( 61;. *7 (8.+6./ CF-. 68. .?2-;:.46 6* 326 68.: C(4*9 ()9 */ A4-7.D. LEANCTO SHELTER 1%B%1. C*4(6/236 68-( (8.+6./ -4 68. ():. :)44./ )( 7*/ *68./ .4>-/*4:.46(. H*9.>./0 ;-+. (4*9 )/*24, 68. (-,.( 7*/ -4(2+)6-*4 CF- N-03*-< S8+.( )( ) -,.( ) :.)4( 6* ;/.;)/. 7**,0 526 )+(* 6* -,.( 1*2 9-68 ) (-. 4* 7-/..

178

NOTE: D* 4*6 9)(6. 72.+ 6* :.+6 -3. */ (4*9 98.4 ,/-4A)5+. 9)6./ -( )>)-+)5+. 7/*: *68./ (*2/3.(. 1%B72. !8.4 -3. -( )>)-+)5+.0 :.+6 -6 /)68./ 68)4 (4*9. O4. 32; *7 -3. 1-.+,( :*/. 9)6./ 68)4 *4. 32; *7 (4*9. I3. )+(* 6)A.( +.(( 6-:. 6* :.+6. Y*2 3)4 :.+6 -3. */ (4*9 -4 ) 9)6./ 5).46 /.7/..G-4./0 6* +**A 7*/ 68.-/ .4.:10 68. ;*+)/ 5.)/. 1%B$7. T* );;/*)38 ) (.)+0 ,* )( 68. E(A-:*( ,*@(6)1 ,*949-4, 7/*: -60 3)26-*2(+1 :*>-4< 3+*(./ 98-+. -6 (+..;(. I7 -6 :*>.(0 (6*; )4, -:-6)6. -6( :*>.:.46( 51 +1-4< 7+)6 *4 68. -3.0 /)-(-4< 1*2/ 8.), 2; )4, ,*940 )4, 9/-.+-4< ,-77-32+6. I7 1*2 ,* 4*6 8)>. (4*9(8*.(0 :)A. ) ;)-/ 2(-4< 9-++*90 (6/-;( *7 3+*680 +.)68./0 */ *68./ (2-6)5+. :)6./-)+.I

1%B96. I6 -( )+:*(6 -:;*((-5+. 6* 6/)>.+ -4 ,..; (4*9 9-68*26 (4*9(8*.( */ (A-(. T/)>.+-4< 51 7**6 +.)>.( ) 9.++B:)/A., 6/)-+ 7*/ )41 ;2/(2./( 6* 7*++*9. I7 1*2 :2(6 6/)>.+ -4 ,..; (4*90 )>*-, (4*9B3*>./., (6/.):(. T8. (4*90 98-38 )36( )( )4 -4(2+)6*/0 :)1 8)>. ;/.>.46., -3. 7/*: 7*/:-4< *>./ 68. 9)6./. I4 8-++1 6.//)-40 )>*-, )/.)( 98./. )>)+)438.( );;.)/ ;*((-5+.. T/)>.+ -4 68. .)/+1 :*/4-4< -4 )/.)( 98./. 68./. -( ,)4)+)438.(. O4 /-,)+ 4..,(. S.>./)+ -4< */ -:;./3.;6-5+. 9-4,( )4, 8.)>10 82:-, )-/ *76.4 -4,-3)6. ) +*9B;/.((2/. 7/*46. S238 ) 7/*46 ;/*:-(.( 5), 9.)68./ 68)6 9-++ ;/*5)5+1 +-4./)+ ,)1(. Y*2 3)4 J(:.++K )4, J8.)/K 68-( 7/*46. T8. (+2)+ ,.;.4,( 2;*4 /)6-*4(0 .?2-;:.46 )>)-+)5+.0 )4, 1*2/ -4->.. !)6./ 3*>./( )5*26 7% ;./3.46 *7 68. .)/68H( (2/7)3.0 9-68 )5*26 7" ;./3.46 5.-4< *3.)4( )4, (.)(. Y*2 3)4 )((2:. 68)6 1*2 9-++ (*:.6-:. 3/*(( >)(6 .=;)4(.( *7 9)6./. T8./. -( )+9)1( 68. 38)43. 68)6 68. ;+)4. */ (8-; 1*2 )/. *4 9-++ 5.3*:. 3/-;;+., 51 (238 8)G)/,( )( (6*/:(0 3*++-(-*40 7-/.0 */ 9)/.

THE OPEN SEA16B1. A( ) (2/>->*/ *4 68. *;.4 (.)0 1*2 9-++ 7)3. 9)>.( )4, 9-4,. Y*2 :)1 )+(* 7)3. .=6/.:. 8.)6 */ 3*+,. T* A..; 68.(. .4>-/*4:.46)+ 8)G)/,( 7/*: 5.3*:-4< (./-*2( ;/*5+.:(0 6)A. ;/.3)26-*4)/1 :.)(2/.( )( (**4 )( ;*((-5+.. U(. 68. )>)-+)5+. /.(*2/3.( 6* ;/*6.36 1*2/(.+7 7/*: 68. .+.:.46( )4, 7/*: 8.)6 */ .=6/.:. 3*+, )4, 82:-,-61. 16B2. P/*6.36-4< 1*2/(.+7 7/*: 68. .+.:.46( :..6( *4+1 *4. *7 1*2/ 5)(-3 4..,(. Y*2 :2(6 )+(* 5. )5+. 6* *56)-4 9)6./ )4, 7**,. S)6-(71-4< 68.(. 5)(-3 4..,( 9-++ 8.+; ;/.>.46 (./-*2( ;81(-3)+ )4, ;(138*+*./0 1*2 :2(6 )+(* A4*9 8*9 6* 6/.)6 8.)+68 ;/*5+.:( 68)6 :)1 )/-(.. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

183

16B . Y*2/ (2/>->)+ )6 (.) ,.;.4,( 2;*4 1*2/@I K4*9+.,)-+)5+. (2/>->)+ .?2-;:.46. I S;.3-)+ (A-++( )4, )5-+-61 6* 3*;. 9-68 68. 8)G)/,( 1*2 7)3.. I !-++ 6* +->..

16B4. !8.4 1*2 5*)/, ) (8-; */ )-/3/)760 7-4, *26 98)6 (2/>->)+ .?2-;:.46 -( *4 5*)/,0 98./. -6 -( (6*9.,0 )4, 98)6 -6 3*46)-4(. F*/ -4(6)43.0 8*9 :)41 +-7. ;/.(./>./( )4, +-7.5*)6( */ /)76( )/. *4 5*)/,L !8./. )/. 68.1 +*3)6.,L !8)6 61;. *7 (2/>->)+ .?2-;:.46 ,* 68.1 8)>.L H*9 :238 7**,0 9)6./0 )4, :.,-3-4. ,* 68.1 3*46)-4L H*9 :)41 ;.*;+. 3)4 5. (2;;*/6.,L A+(*0 -7 1*2 )/. /.(;*4(-5+. 7*/ *68./ ;./(*44.+ *4 5*)/,0 :)A. (2/. 1*2 A4*9 98./. 68.1 )/. )4, 68.1 A4*9 98./. 1*2 )/.. DO$N AT SEA 16B%. I7 1*2/ )-/3/)76 -3-4-61 246-+ 68. )-/3/)76 (-4A(. I G.6 3+.)/ *7 72.+B3*>./., 9)6./ -4 3)(. 68. 72.+ -->*/(.I

16B6. A (.)/38 7*/ (2/>->*/( 2(2)++1 6)A.( ;+)3. )/*24, 68. .46-/. )/.) *7 )4, 4.)/ 68. 3/)(8 (-6.. M-((-4< ;./(*44.+ :)1 5. 243*4(3-*2( )4, 7+*)6-4< +*9 -4 68. 9)6./. F- $-0+* 16B7. T8. 5.(6 6.384-?2. 7*/ /.(32-4< ;./(*44.+ 7/*: 68. 9)6./ -( 6* 68/*9 68.: ) +-7. ;/.(./>./ )66)38., 6* ) +-4. CAD. A4*68./ -( 6* (.4, ) (9-::./ C/.(32./D 7/*: 68. /)76 9-68 ) +-4. )66)38., 6* ) 7+*6)6-*4 ,.>-3. 68)6 9-++ (2;;*/6 68. /.(32./H( 9.--3. 9-++ 8.+; 3*4(./>. ) /.(32./H( .4././-4< 68. (2/>->*/. T8. +.)(6 )33.;6)5+. 6.384-?2. -( 6* (.4, )4 )66)38., (9-::./ 9-68*26 7+*6)6-*4 ,.>-3.( 6* /.6/-.>. ) (2/>->*/ CCD. I4 )++ 3)(.(0 68. /.(32./ 9.)/( ) +-7. ;/.(./>./. A /.(32./ (8*2+, 4*6 24,./.(6-:)6. 68. (6/.4.46 -4F2/1 6* 68. /.(32./. 16B$. !8.4 68. /.(32./ );;/*)38.( ) (2/>->*/ -4 6/*25+. 7/*: 5.8-4,0 68./. -( +-66+. ,)4->*/ 9-++ A-3A0 (3/)6380 */ ->*/ )4, ./H( 5)3A (6/);. T8. /.(32./ 2(.( 68. (-,.(6/*A. 6* ,/)< 68. (2/>->*/ 6* 68. /)76. 16B9. I7 1*2 )/. -4 68. 9)6./0 :)A. 1*2/ 9)1 6* ) /)76. I7 4* /)76( )/. )>)-+)5+.0 6/1 6* 7-4, ) +)/./1 +-66+. ,)4.:.46 -( 4..,., 6* A..; 68. 7)3. )5*>. 9)6./.

185

16B1". F+*)6-4< *4 1*2/ 5)3A 6)A.( 68. +.)(6 .4./.+ 9-68 68. 32//.460 */ )( ) :.)4( 6* 6/)>.+ 9-68 68. 32//.46. Y*2 :)A. 68-( ),F2(6:.46 51 *;.4-4< */ 3+*(-4< 68. (.) )438*/H( );.=. !8.4 *;.40 68. (.) )438*/ CF-. I C*>./ 1*2/ (A-40 98./. ;*((-5+.0

.4*2.46-+)6-*4. 6* ;/*6.36 -6 7/*: (2452/4. U(. (2452/4 3/.):0 -7 )>)-+)5+.0 *4 )++ .=;*(., (A-4. Y*2/ .1.+-,(0 68. 5)3A *7 1*2/ .)/(0 )4, 68. (A-4 24,./ 1*2/ 38-4 (2452/4 .)(-+1. RAFT PROCEDURES

190

16B21. M*(6 *7 68. /)76( -4 68. U.S. A/:1 )4, A-/ F*/3. -4>.46*/-.( 3)4 ()6-(71 68. 4..,( 7*/ ;./(*4)+ ;/*6.36-*40 :*,. *7 6/)>.+0 )4, .>)(-*4 )4, 3):*27+). )4, 6.68./ C)66)38D 1*2/ +-7. ;/.(./>./ 6* 1*2/(.+7 */ 68. /)76. E4(2/. 68./. )/. 4* *68./ :.6)++-3 */ (8)/; *5F.36( *4 1*2/ 3+*68-4< */ .?2-;:.46 68)6 3*2+, ,):)./ ). A(. T8.(. )/. 68. 7-/(6 68-4)+>.( )/. 3+*(., )4, .?2)+-G)6-*4 625. 3+):;( C7*24, *4 68. 2%B0 %B0 )4, 46B:)4 /)76(D )/. 3+):;., *77 98.4 72++1 -47+)6.,. I A((-(6)43.BA((-(6 *68./( -46* 68. /)76. R.:*>. )++ ;24362/.B;/*,23-4< -6.:( 7/*: ;*3A.6( )4, :*>. 7+*6)6-*4 ,.>-3.( 6* 68. /.)/ *7 68. 5*,1. U(. ;/*;./ 5*)/,-4< 6.384-?2.(M 7*/ .=):;+.0 68. 5*)/,-4< +**; *4 68. (.>.4B:)4 /)76 )4, 68. 5*)/,-4< /):;( *4 68. 2%B0 %B0 )4, 46B:)4 /)76(. I A438*/BE4(2/. 68. (.) )438*/ -( ;/*;./+1 ,.;+*1.,. I6 3)4 5. 7*24, 1$" ,..( )( -4(2+)6-*4. T8. /)76H( -4(2+)6., 5*66*: +-:-6( 68. 3*4,236-*4 *7 3*+, 68./.51 ;/*6.36-4< 1*2 7/*: 81;*68./:-) CF-.+1 51 -47+)6-4< */ ,.7+)6-4< 68. /)76 6* 6)A. ),>)46). 6* -43/.)(. ,/)< -4 68. 9)6./. Y*2 :)1 2(. 68. (.) )438*/ 6* 3*46/*+ 68. /)76H( (;.., )4, ,-/.36-*4. 16B26. T8./. )/. /)76( ,.>.+*;., 7*/ 2(. -4 6)36-3)+ )/.)( 68)6 )/. 5+)3A. T8.(. /)76( 5+.4, 9-68 68. (.)H( 5)3A)(-*4 51 ;)/6-)++1 ,.7+)6-4< 68.: 6* *56)-4 ) +*9./ ;/*7-+.. 16B27. A +)41)/, 3*44.36( 68. *4.B:)4 /)76 6* ) ;)/)3826-(6 C(2/>->*/D +)4,-4< -4 68. 9)6./. Y*2 C68. (2/>->*/D -47+)6. -6 2;*4 +)4,-4-) 68. +)41)/,. T8. /)76 :)1 8-6 68. 9)6./ 2;(-,. ,*940 526 1*2 3)4 /-./. T8. (;/)1 (8-.+, :2(6 5. -4 68. /)76 6* .=;*(. 68. 5*)/,-4< 8)4,+.(. F*++*9 68. 7->. A( *26+-4., 24,./ /)76 ;/*3.,2/.( )5*>. 98.4 5*)/,-4< 68. /)76 CF-. )4 )/: -4F2/10 68. 5.(6 9)1 6* 5*)/, -( 51 62/4-4< 1*2/ 5)3A 6* 68. (:)++ .4, *7 68. /)760 ;2(8-4< 68. /)76 24,./ 1*2/ 5266*3A(0 )4, +1-4< 5)3A. A4*68./ 9)1 6* 5*)/, 68. /)76 -( 6* ;2(8 ,*94 *4 -6( (:)++ .4, 246-+ *4. A4.. -( -4(-,. )4, +-. 7*/9)/, CF-.4B:)4 /)76. I6 -( ) 3*:;*4.46 *7 68. (2/>->)+ ,/*; A-6 CF--,.( ),,-6-*4)+ 8.+; -4 /-->)+. T/1 6* ;/.>.46 (2452/4 51 (6)1-4< -4 68. (8),. )4, A..;-4< 1*2/ 8.), )4, (A-4 3*>./.,. U(. 3/.): */ +-; ()+>. 7/*: 1*2/ 7-/(6B)-, A-6. R.:.:5./0 /.7+.36-*4 7/*: 68. 9)6./ )+(* 3)2(.( (2452/4 -4 ;+)3.( 98./. 68. (24 2(2)++1 ,*.(4H6 52/4 1*2@6.4,./ (A-4 24,./ 68. .)/+*5.(0 .1.5/*9(0 4*(.0 38-40 )4, 24,./)/:(. SHARKS 16B72. !8.68./ 1*2 )/. -4 68. 9)6./ */ -4 ) 5*)6 */ /)760 1*2 :)1 (.. :)41 61;.( *7 (.) +-7. )/*24, 1*2. S*:. :)1 5. :*/. ,)4*-, :..6-4< ) +)/. )6 68. :*:.46 -6 5/.)A(. 16B96. I7 -4 ) :.,-2: (2/7 9-68 4* 9-4, */ *77(8*/. 9-4,0 A..; 68. /)76 7/*: ;)((-4< *>./ ) 9)>. (* /);-,+1 68)6 -6 ,/*;( (2,,.4+1 )76./ 6*;;-4< 68. 3/.(6. I7 68. /)76 62/4( *>./ -4 68. (2/70 6/1 6* . *4 68. (8*/.0 +)1 )9)1 7/*: 68. 5.)380 (-. );;/*)38.(0 6)A. ) (-66-4< ;*(-6-*4 9-68 1*2/ 7..6 7*/9)/,. R.;.)6 68. ;/*3.,2/. 246-+ 1*2 +)4,. 16B1"%. !)6./ -( ?2-.6./ -4 68. +.. *7 ) 8.)>1 )46). )++ .?2-;:.46 .=3.;6 68. ;/.(./>./(. I7 ;*((-5+.0 1*2 9-++ /.3.->. 8.+; 7/*: /.(32. ;./(*44.+ +*9./., -46* 68. 9)6./. R.:.:5./0 7*++*9 )++ -4(6/236-*4( .4 51 68. /.(32. ;./(*44.+. 16B1"$. ;-3A2;E I7 68. 8.+-3*;6./ /.3*>./1 -( 24)((-(6.,0 ,* 68. 7*++*9-4< 5.7*/.

I S.32/. )++ 68. +**(. .?2-;:.46 -4 68. /)760 )33.((*/1 5)./1 ,.>-3. */ 68. 3)5+. 6* ./1 ,.>-3. -( -4 1*2/ *68./ 8)4,. I M*246 68. /.3*>./1 ,.>-3.0 )>*-,-4< .46)4.+0 -6 -( 5.66./ 6* :*>. )+*4< 68. 3*)(6 68)4 6* . 68. 3*)(6 .=3.;6 6* )>*-, *5(6)3+.( C(9):;( )4, 3+-77(D */ 24+.(( 1*2 7-4, ) 6/)-+ 68)6 1*2 A4*9 +.),( 6* 82:)4 8)5-6)6-*4. 16B111. I4 6-:. *7 9)/0 /.:.:5./ 68)6 68. .4.:1 ;)6/*+( :*(6 3*)(6+-4.(. T8.(. ;)6/*+( :)1 3)2(. ;/*5+.:( 7*/ 1*2 -7 1*2 +)4, *4 ) 8*(6-+. (8*/.. Y*2 9-++ 8)>. .=6/.:.+1 +-:-6., 6/)>.+ *;6-*4( -4 68-( (-62)6-*4. A>*-, )++ 3*46)36 9-68 *68./ 82:)4( )4, :)A. .>./1 .77*/6 6* 3*>./ )++ 6/)3A( 1*2 +.)>. *4 68. (8*/.. 208

SPECIAL HEALTH HA(ARDS 16B112. S2/>->-4< *4 68. (.)(8*/. 3./6)-4+1 3)4 ;/*>-,. ) ./. BRUSH RAFT 17B14. T8. 5/2(8 /)760 -7 ;/*;./+1 3*4(6/236.,0 9-++ (2;;*/6 )5*26 11% A-+*./1 .77.36->. *4 (4*9B3*>./., . ;./(-(6., )5*26 8*9 (.) ,1. )66/)36( (8)/A(. T8. U.S. N)>1 8)( 3*4,236., /.(.)/380 )4, 4* (3-.46-7-3 ,)6) 8)( 5..4 7*24, 6* (2;;*/6 68-( /2:*/. S8)/A( )/. 4)62/)++1 32/-*2( )4, )/. ,/)94 6* (6/)4.(6-*-3.. A41 *68./ 61;. *7 A/:1 /),-* 3)4 ,* 68. ():.. T8. /)4)/1 ,.;.4,-4< *4 68. )+6-62,. *7 68. /.3.->-4< )-/3/)760 6.//)-40 >.)(-*4 ;+)4( :2(6 5. ;/.;)/., -4 3*4F2436-*4 9-68 24-6 (6)4,-4< *;./)6-4< ;/*3.,2/.( CSOP(D )4, 32//.46 F*-46 ,*36/-4.. Y*2 :2(6 )+(* 3*4(-,./ )41 3*2/(.( *7 )36-*4 CCOA(D 68)6 1*2 */ 1*2/ 24-6 9-++ 6)A.. EVASION PLAN OF ACTION 2"B2. S233.((72+ .>)(-*4 -( ,.;.4,.46 *4 .77.36->. ;/-*/ ;+)44-4-,2)+ 3*43./4.,. S*24, .>)(-*4 ;+)44-4< (8*2+, -43*/;*/)6. -46.++-)+0 .>)(-*40 /.(-(6)43.0 )4, .(3);. CSERED )(-*4 ;+)4 *7 )36-*4 CEPAD 2"B . T8. (62,1 )4, /.(.)/38 4..,., 6* ,.>.+*; 68. EPA 9-++ :)A. 1*2 )9)/. *7 68. 32//.46 (-62)6-*4 -4 1*2/ :-((-*4 )/.). Y*2/ EPA 9-++ +.6 /.3*>./1 7*/3.( A4*9 1*2/ ;/*5)5+. )36-*4( (8*2+, 1*2 8)>. 6* :*>. 6* )>*-, 3);62/..

239

2"B4. Y*2 (8*2+, (6)/6 ;/.;)/-4< .>.4 5.7*/. ;/.:-((-*4 ;+)44-4)+2)5+. )((.6 6* 68. (*+,-./ 6/);;., 5.8-4, .4.:1 +-4.( )66.:;6-4< 6* )>*-, 3);62/.. T* 3*:;+.6. P)/)./)+ *-, 68. 3);62/. *7 68. -,2)+(. T8.(. COA( )/. 4*6 3*2/(.( 68. 3*::)4,./ 3)4 38**(. -4(6.), *7 8-( */-. 6* )>*-, 3);62/. )4, /.62/4 6* 7/-.4,+1 3*46/*+. I4 .-68./ 3)(.0 )( +*4< )( 68./. -( 3*::24-3)6-*4 9-68 8-.:.46 6.):( 3*4,236 68. .=.326-*4 ;*/6-*4 *7 68. ;+)4 98.4 4*6-7-., 51 8-. 7-/(6 )-,. I I4>.46*/1 -6( .?2-;:.46 I A;;+1 3):*27+). 8-,. +*3)6-*4(. I E4(2/. .>./1*4. A4*9( 68. ;/-:)/1 )4, )+6./4)6. /*26.(

)4, /)++1 ;*-46( .4 /*26. 6* 68. 8-,. +*3)6-*4(. I A+9)1( :)-46)-4 (.32/-61. I S;+-6 68. 6.): -46* (:)++./ .+.:.46(. T8. -,.)+ .+.:.46 (8*2+, 8)>. 69* 6* 68/.. :.:5./(M 8*9.>./0 -6 3*2+, -43+2,. :*/. ,.;.4,-4< *4 6.): .?2-;:.46 )4, .=;./-.43.. 2"B16. T8. :*>.:.46 ;*/6-*4 *7 /.62/4-4< 6* 7/-.4,+1 3*46/*+ -( 68. :*(6 ,)42+4./)5+.. I6 -( 2(2)++1 5.66./ 6* :*>. )6 4-.:.46 9*2+, 5. 98.4 :*>-4< 68/*2..4 -7 -6 6)A.( :*/. 6-:. )4, .4./. :*>., -46* 68. )/.) -4 98-38 1*2 9)46 6* 8-,. C8-,. )/.)D0 (.+.36 ) 8-,. (-6.. K..; 68. 9*/, BLISS -4 :-4, 98.4 (.+.36-4< ) 8-,. (-6.EI BBB+.4,( -4 9-68 68. I LBL*9 -4 (-+8*2.66.. I IBI//.. 2;*4 (-./1*4. -( )9)/. *7 68. ,)4*-, 3);62/.. T)A. .>./1 *;;*/624-61 6* /.(60 526 ,* 4*6 ()3/-7-3. (.32/-61. R*6)6. (.32/-61 (* 68)6 )++ :.:5./( *7 1*2/ :*>.:.46 6.): 3)4 /.(6. T/.)6 )++ -4F2/-.(0 4* :)66./ 8*9 :-4*/. L*(( *7 1*2/ 8.)+68 9-++ :.)4 +*(( *7 1*2/ )5-+-61 6* 3*46-42. 6* )>*-, 3);62/.. 2"B24. C):*27+)-4< )4, (.32/-4< ) 8-,. (-6.. A+9)1( 2(. ) 52,,1 (1(6.: 6* .4(2/. 68)6 3):*27+).:.46 5../1*4. A4*9( )4, :.:*/-G.( 68. .46-/. ;+)4. T8. 6.): :.:5./( (8*2+, A4*9 68. ,-(6)43.( )4, )G-:268( 243

7*/ 68. .46-/. /*26. 6* 68. 4.=6 8-,. )/.). T8.1 (8*2+, (62,1 68. :); )4, A4*9 68. >)/-*2( 6.//)-4 68.1 9-++ 5. :*>-4< )3/*(( (* 68)6 68.1 3)4 :*>. 9-68*26 2(-4< 68. :);. 2"B29. D* 4*6 *332;1 ) 8-,. (-6. 7*/ :*/. 68)4 24 8*2/(. I4 :*(6 (-62)6-*4(0 8-,. ,2/-4< 68. ,)1 )4, :*>. )6 4-.. O43. -4 68. 8-,. (-6.0 /.(6/-36 )++ :*>.:.46 6* +.(( 68)4 4% 3.46-:.6./( C1$ -438.(D )5*>. 68. .)+ 1*2/ +*3)6-*4. B.7*/. +.)>-4< 68. 8-,. (-6.0 (6./-+-G. -6 6* ;/.>.46 6/)3A-4-4< )4, 8-,-4< 7*/ (.>./)+ ,)1(0 2(2)++1 68/.. */ 7*2/0 1*2 */ 68. :*>.:.46 6.): 9-++ 8)>. 6* :*>. -46* ) 8*+.B2; )/.). T8-( -( )4 )/.) 98./. 1*2 3)4 /.(60 /.32;./)6.0 )4, . ) ;+)3. 6* -3.(0 )4, 6* 6/); . ) 69*B:)4 6.): ;./7*/: :*/. 68)4 *4. 6)(A. F*/ .=):;+.0 68. 6.): -3.(. D* 4*6 *332;1 68. 8*+.B2; )/.) +*4. :),. 1*2/ 9)1 6* ) 7/-.4,+1 */ 4.26/)+ 3*246/10 2(. 68. 7*++*9-4< ;/*3.,2/.( 6* 3/*(( 68. 5*/,./ )4, +-4A 2; 9-68 7/-.4,+1 7*/3.( *4 68. *68./ (-,.E O332;1 ) 8-,. (-6. *4 68. 4.)/ (-,. *7 68. 5*/,./ )4, (.4, ) 6.): *26 6* /.3*44*-6./ 68. ;*6.46-)+ 3/*((-4< (-6.. I S2/>.-+ 68. 3/*((-4< (-6. 7*/ )6 +.)(6 24 8*2/(0 ,.;.4,-4< *4 68. .4.:1 (-62)6-*4. I M)A. ) (A.638 *7 68. (-6.0 6)A-4< 4*6. *7 6.//)-40 *5(6)3+.(0 -3.( */ 6/-; 9-/.(. O43. 68. /.3*44)-(()43. -( 3*:;+.6.0 68. 6.): :*>.( 6* 68. 8-,. (-6.0 5/-.7( 68. /.(6 *7 68. 6.):0 )4, ;+)4( 6* 3/*(( 68. 5*/,./ )6 4-.)+ 1*2/ ;/.(.43.. I D.;.4,-4< *4 68. (-G. *7 1*2/ :*>.:.46 6.):0 8)>. 69* :.4 (2/>.-+ 68. ;*6.46-)+ +-4A2; (-6. 9-68 7/-.4,+1 7*/3.( 246-+ ()6-(7-., 68)6 68. ;./(*44.+ )/. -4,.., 7/-.4,+1. I M)A. 3*46)36 9-68 68. 7/-.4,+1 7*/3.( ,2/-4< ,)1+-. 4* .?2-;:.460 )4, 8)>. ;*(-6->. -,.46-7-3)6-*4 /.),-+1 )>)-+)5+.. T8. ;./(*4 98* )362)++1 :)A.( 68. +-4A2; (8*2+, 5. (*:.*4. 98* +**A( +.)(6 +-A. 68. .4.:1. I D2/-4< 68. )362)+ 3*46)360 8)>. *4+1 *4. ;./(*4 :)A. 68. 3*46)36. T8. *68./ ;./(*4 ;/*>-,.( 68. (.32/-61 )4, *5(./>.( 68. +-4AB2; )/.) 7/*: ) ()7. ,-(6)43.. T8. *5(./>./ (8*2+, 5. 7)/ .4*2.:.46 6.): -7 (*:.68-4< ./8.), )4, (6)6.( 68)6 8. -( )4 A:./-3)4. A76./ 68-(0 8. 7*++*9( )41 -4(6/236-*4( .4 8-:. H. )>*-,( )4(9./-4< )41 6)36-3)+ ?2.(6-*4( )4, ,*.( 4*6 . )41 -4,-3)6-*4 68)6 68./. )/. *68./ 6.): :.:5./(. I R.>.)+ 68)6 68./. )/. *68./ ;./(*44.+ 9-68 8-: *4+1 )76./ >./-71-4< 8-( -,.46-61 )4, ()6-(71-4< 8-:(.+7 8. 8)( :),. 3*46)36 9-68 7/-.4,+1 7*/3.(.I

2"B %. L)4. ) 3*46-4-4< 6* ) 4.26/)+ 3*246/10 1*2 )/. (2//.4,./-4< 6* 68)6 ;*9./ )4, 5.3*:. ) ,.6)-4., ;./(*4. LINKUP AT THE FOR$ARD EDGE OF THE BATTLE AREA OR FOR$ARD LINE OF O$N TROOPS 2"B 6. I7 3)21 7-./ 1*2. I7 *>.//24 51 7/-.4,+1 7*/3.(0 1*2 :)1 6/1 6* +-4A 2; 7/*: 68.-/ /.)/ ,2/-4< ,)1+-.//24 51 .4.:1 7*/3.(0 1*2 :)1 :*>. 72/68./ 6* 68. .4.:1 /.)/0 6/1 6* :*>. 6* 68. 7*/9)/, .,. 68. *;6-*4 *7 :*>-4< 5.8-4, 68. +-4.( )4, 6/1-4< 6* +-4A 2;. T8-( :*>. :)A.( 68. +-4A2; .=6/.:.+1 ,)4. -( 6* ;+)3. 68. ;./-:.6./ 24,./ *5(./>)6-*4 )4, 9)-6 7*/ ) 7/-.4,+1 ;)6/*+ 6* :*>. *26 -4 1*2/ ,-/.36-*40 ;/*>-,-4< ) 38)43. 7*/ ) +-4A2;. Y*2 :)1 )+(* *332;1 ) ;*(-6-*4 *26(-,. *7 68. ;./-:.6./ )4, 3)++ *26 6* )-+)5+.0 2(. )41 )/6-3+. *7 3+*68-4./. O43. 1*2 8)>. ,/)94 )66.46-*4 6* 1*2/ (-. (;*66., ) ;)6/*+0 /.:)-4 -4 ;*(-6-*4 )4,0 -7 ;*((-5+.0 )++*9 68. ;)6/*+ 6* :*>. 6*9)/, 1*2. !8.4 68. ;)6/*+ -( 2% 6* %" :.6./( C$ 6* 16% 7..6D 7/*: 1*2/ ;*(-6-*40 (-./ +-4A2; 6.384-?2. 1*2 ,.3-,. 6* 2(.0 2(. .=6/.:. 3)26-*4. F/*: 68. ;./(;.36->. *7 68. 7/-.4,+1 ;)6/*+ */ 7/-.4,+1 ;./(*44.+ *332;1-4< ) ;./-:.6./0 1*2 )/. 8*(6-+. 246-+ 68.1 :)A. ;*(-6->. -,.46-7-3)6-*4.

CHAPTER 21.

C->13,->)+ (-62)6-*40 .(;.3-)++1 -4 ) 8*(6-+. .4>-/*4:.460 1*2 :)1 7-4, -6 4.3.(()/1 6* 3):*27+).:.46. E77.36->. 3):*27+)->)+ )4, 3);62/. 51 68. .4.:1. C):*27+).:.46 6.384-?2.(0 (238 )( (6)+A-4. 2%" 3G1. T82(0 98.4 1*2 ,*25+. 68. ,-(6)43.0 /),-)6-*4 ,.3/.)(.( 6* C".%D2 */ ".2% 68. ):*246. !8-+. 68-( 7*/:2+) -( >)+-, 7*/ 3*43.46/)6., (*2/3.( *7 /),-)6-*4 -4 (:)++ )/.)(0 -6 5.3*:.( :*/. 3*:;+-3)6., 7*/ +)/.46 -47.36-*4. Y*2/ 5*,1 9-++ 5. .=6/.:.+1 (.4(-6->. 6* -47.36-*4( ,2. 6* 38)4.46-*4 *7 3*+,( */ /.(;-/)6*/1 -47.36-*4(. R-./ 1*2/ .1.( 9-68 -:;/*>-(., .+ *7 /),-)6-*4 6* 4.- R-24-041/ 2 B 2. T8. ;/-43-;+. *7 8-. )/. 3*4(./>)6->.. I7 7*/3., 6* :*>. )76./ 68. 7-/(6 */ (.3*4, ,)10 1*2 :)1 ,* (*. M)A. (2/. 68)6 68. .=;*(2/. -( 4* +*4)-+)5+. 9)6./ (*2/3.( :)1 5. 3*46):-4)6.,. I7 1*2 9)-6 )6 +.)(6 4$ 8*2/( 5.7*/. ,/-4A-4< )41 9)6./ 6* )++*9 /),-*)36->. ,.3)1 6* 6)A. ;+)3. )4, (.+.36 68. ()7.(6 ;*((-5+. 9)6./ (*2/3.0 1*2 9-++ . -(*6*;.( 9-++ (.66+. 6* 68. 5*66*:. U(. 68. (.66+-4< 6.384-?2. 6* ;2/-71 68-( 9)6./. F-/(60 7-++ ) 523A.6 */ *68./ ,..; 3*46)-4./ 68/..B7*2/68( 72++ 9-68 3*46):-4)6., 9)6./. T8.4 6)A. ,-/6 7/*: ) ,.;68 *7 1" 3.46-:.6./( C4 -438.(D */ :*/. 5.+*9 68. ./1 1" 3.46-:.6./( C4 -438.(D *7 9)6./. S6-/ 68. 9)6./ 246-+ 1*2 (.. :*(6 ,-/6 ;)/6-3+.( (2(;.4,., -4 68. 9)6./. L.6 68. :-=62/. (.66+. 7*/ )6 +.)(6 6 8*2/(. T8. (.66+-4< ,-/6 ;)/6-3+.( 9-++ 3)//1 :*(6 *7 68. (2(;.4,., 7)++*26 ;)/6-3+.( 6* 68. 5*66*: )4, 3*>./ 68.:. Y*2 3)4 68.4 ,-; *26 68. 3+.)/ 9)6./. P2/-71 68-( 9)6./ 2(-4< ) 7-+6/)6-*4 ,.>-3.. A224041/-< P*+.-3041/: 2 B47. A( )4 ),,-6-*4)+ ;/.3)26-*4 )->)+ A-6 */ 5*-+ -6. FOOD PROCUREMENT 2 B4$. O56)-4-4< .,-5+. 7**, -4 ) /),-)6-*4B3*46):-4)6., )/.) -( ) (./-*2( 526 4*6 -4(2/:*246)5+. ;/*5+.:. Y*2 4.., 6* 7*++*9 ) 7.9 (;.3-)+ ;/*3.,2/.( -4 (.+.36-4< )4, ;/.;)/-4< /)6-*4( )4, +*3)+ 7**,( 7*/ 2(.. S-43. (.32/. ;)3A)., */ 9)(8., 7/.. *7 7)++*26 ;)/6-3+.(. T8.(. ;/*3.((., 7**,( )+(* -43+2,. 7**, (6*/., -4 )41 3+*(., 3*46)-4./ )4, 7**, (6*/., -4 ;/*6.36., )/.)( C(238 )( 3.++)/(D. A++ (238 7**,( :2(6 5. 9)(8., 5.7*/. .)6-4< */ 8)4,+-4< 68.:. 2 B49. I7 +-66+. */ 4* ;/*3.((., 7**, -( )>)-+)5+. -4 1*2/ )/.)0 1*2 :)1 8)>. 6* (2;;+.:.46 1*2/ ,-.6 9-68 +*3)+ 7**, (*2/3.(. A4-:)+( )4, ;+)46( )/. +*3)+ 7**, (*2/3.(. A/4>--61. H*9.>./0 68. /.:)-4-4< )4-:)+ :2(3+. 6-((2. 9-++ 5. ()7. 6* .)6. B.7*/. 3**A-4< -60 326 68. :.)6 )9)1 7/*: 68. 5*4.0 +.)>-4< )6 +.)(6 ) B:-++-:.6./ C1R$B-438D 68-3A4.(( *7 :.)6 *4 68. 5*4.. D-(3)/, )++ -46./4)+ */./0 )4, A-,4.1(D (-43. 68.1 6.4, 6* 3*43.46/)6. 5.6) )4, -61. 2 B% . C**A )++ :.)6 246-+ -6 -( >./1 9.++ ,*4.. T* 5. (2/. 68. :.)6 -( 9.++ ,*4.0 326 -6 -46* +.(( 68)4 1 B :-++-:.6./B68-3A C4 1R2B-438B68-3AD ;-.3.( 5.7*/. 3**A-4. 72.+. 2 B%4. T8. .=6.46 *7 3*46):-4)6-*4 -4 7-(8 )4, )?2)6-3 )4-:)+( 9-++ 5. :238 -*+.6 (*+)/ /),-)6-*4 68)6 /);-,+1 A-++( :*(6 )+ A-6 9-68 ) ./ 9)6./ A-6( )/. -4 3)4>)( 3)//1-4< 5))+ >.(6 CSRUB21PD0 9*/4 51 8.+-3*;6./ 3/.9(0 )+(* 3*46)-4( (2/>->)+ -6.:(. U.S. A/:1 )>-)6*/( 7+1-4< 7-=.,B9-4< )-/3/)76 .?2-;;., 9-68 .F.36-*4 (.)6( 2(. 68. SRFUB 1RP (2/>->)+ >.(6. T8. -4,->-,2)+ (2/>->)+ A-6( )/. (6*9., -4 68. (.)6 ;)4. L-A. )++ *68./ A-6(0 68. /-->)+ A-6 CRSSKD 1*2 2(. ,.;.4,( *4 68. .4>-/*4:.46. I6.:( 3*46)-4., -4 68. A-6( :)1 5. */,./., (.;)/)6.+1 68/*2->)+ A-6( )4, >.(6( )/. C*::*4 T)5+. *7 A++*9)43.( %"B

271

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325

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