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Vancouver group
• 1978, Vancouver, Canada
• Uniform submission
• Make life easier for authors
• No rejection on grounds of style
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts
Manuscript PreparationPreparing a Manuscipt for Submission to Biomedical
JournalsSending the Manuscript to the Journal
ReferencesPrint References Cited in this Document
Other Sources of Information Related to Biomedical Journals
Sir Bradford Hill’s Questions
• Why did you start?
• What did you do?
• What did you find?
and
• What does it all mean?
Sir Bradford Hill’s Questions
I Introduction Why did you start?
M Methods What did you do?
R Results What did you find?
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean?
Introduction
Why did you start?
Readers’ expectations
• Sufficient background information
• Understand and evaluate the results
• Without referring to previous publications
Concise, adequate
Not a review
Introduction
• Review pertinent literature
• Define lacunae in current knowledge
• Provide rationale for your study– What gap in knowledge did you try to fill?
– What controversy did you try to resolve?
• State the aim of the study
Introduction
• Brief, clear, to the point
• Written in present tense
• May state the study group, study design and methods used
Introduction
• Key references: to support background information
• Refer to – your previous preliminary work
– your own closely related papers
• Define any specialized terms, definitions or abbreviations you intend to use
Example
We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological importance.
Watson JD, Crick FHC. A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 1953; 171: 737-8.
Methods
• What all was done?
• How was it done?
• When was it done?
• Who did it ?
• How were the results analyzed?
• Did you have ethical clearance to do so?
Methods
– Present methods in chronological order– Subheadings should match those in results
‘internal consistency’
– In past tense– Be precise
Methods: checklist
• Does it describe – What questions was being asked?– What was being tested?– How reliable was the measurement?
• Were the parameters recorded and analyzed correctly?
• Would a reader be able to repeat the same experiment?
Results: Before writing
• Collate data
• Prepare master tables– Re-check accuracy
• Analyse– List all the findings
– Identify the important ones
Results
• Results of all experiments in natural orderin subsections similar to methods
• Do not duplicate information
text, tables, figures
• Statistical analysis
Results
• Should not include– Any methods
– Data for which methods are not included
– Interpretation of data
– References
Results: Tables
Table I. Parts of a table
Footnote:
Stub Columnheading
Columnheading
Columnheading
Row identifier
Row identifier
BODY
Results: Table or figure
• Prefer tables
• Use figures only for illustrative
• Bar, histogram, pie: ? table
Difference in written and oral communication
Figure: in place of text
Intraperitoneal inoculation of
1 X 106 DLA cells (day 0)
0 1 2 3 4 30
Group 1 Vehicle
Group 2 Total alkaloid fraction (5 mg/Kg/d)
Group 3 Total alkaloid fraction (10 mg/Kg/d)
Group 4 Total alkaloid fraction (20 mg/Kg/d)
Group 5 Methotrexate (3.4 mg/Kg/d) (Positive control)
Days
Treatment (d 1,2,3)Observation
Study design