Urinary System PowerpointsPeriod 2

KidneysJoe Thomas, Casey Coleman

Kidneys Your kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size

of your fist. They are located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. The waste and extra water become urine.

Each kidney is about 11 cm long 5 cm wide and 3 cm thick and weighs 130 grams.

kidneys The filtration occurs in nephrons, every kidney has about 1

million nephrons. The driving force of the filtration is blood pressure. The 4 basic components are renal corpuscle, proximal

convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule.

For more info. See chapter 26

HilusCourtney and Jenny

Definition Notch on the inner border of the kidney where the renal

artery, renal vein, and ureter connect with the kidney Nerves and renal artery enter renal vein and ureter exit Opens into renal sinus

Cavity filled with tissue Structures that enter and leave kidney pass through

Picture

Connections Renal artery

Carries all blood from body into the kidneys Nerves

Sympathetic neurons regulate renal blood flow and filtrate formation Osmoreceptor cells detect changes in osmolality and stimulate ADH

secreting neurons Regulates osmolality

Renal Vein Takes filtered blood away from kidney and to the heart through inferior

vena cava Ureter

Carries urine (waste) from kidney to the urinary bladder

Ureter Function: Tube that carries urine from kidney to the bladder Ureteral stones (concentrated materials that form into solid

crystals in the urine) Kidney stone that’s left kidney and now in ureter

Urinary tract cancer Cancer cells found in tissues lining in ureter

Structure: Originates from base of kidney and terminates in the base of the bladder Each kidney has one ureter measuring from 28-34 cm

long (right’s slightly longer than left)

Urethra Urine is transported outside the body through this opening inferiorly and anteriorly.

It is a triangular area of wall between the 2 ureters posteriorly; the anterior urethra is called the trigone.

In females is id 1.5 inches long and only part of the urinary system

In males it is much longer- 8 inches and part of both the urinary and reproductive systems.

Disorders of the UrethraHypospadias- urethra opens on the under surface of the penis instead of at the end (in males only-obviously)

Urethritis- inflammation of mucous membrane and glands of uretha

“Straddle” injuries- ruptured urethra

Glomerular Filtration Andrew and Laura

Life • First step towards urine formation

• Cleans out plasma• Blood plasma spills out of glomerular capsule

• Blood comes from kidneys via renal artery smaller arteries afferent arteriole Glomerulus Plasma spills out Glomerular capsule

• Made of:• Electrolytes• Nutrients (ex: Monomers)• Wastes• Small hormones• Water

• Can’t fit through:• Cells• Plasma

TUBULAR REABSORBTIONBy: ANTHONY AND BLAKEEEEE

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Occurs when the nephron specifically returns water and

some filtered molecules to the blood The filtered molecules leave the bowman capsule and go

through PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, collecting ducts putting the molecules into the interstitial fluid then into the bloodstream

MORE STUFF TO KNOW Removes toxins from blood Without proper tubular reabsorption the body would become

dehydrated and deficient

Urine ConcentrationBy: Max and Oates

Urine Can be diluted or very concentrated

Concentration and volume are regulated by mechanisms that maintain the extra cellular fluid osmolality and volume within narrow limits.

If water must be conserved to maintain homeostasis, water is reabsorbed from the filtrate as it passes through the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. This results in a small volume of very concentrated urine.

Hormonal Mechanisms Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormone

renin is an enzyme secreted If secretion decreases blood pressure increases

Antidiuretic Hormone Without it makes tubules and collecting ducts impermeable If not enough produced 19% of filtrate becomes part of the urine

Called diabetes insipidis Too much is diabetes mellitus

Diseases/Disorders of the Urinary SystemMathew and shannon

Diseases/Disorders Glomerulonephritis Acute Glomerulonephritis Chronic Glomerulonephritis Pyelonephritis Renal Failure Acute Renal Failure Chronic Renal Failure Urinary Bladder Cancer Kidney stones

Cystitis Nephrongenic Diabetes

Insipidus Diabetic Nephropathy Polycystic Kidney Disease

Urinary BladderLibby and Brittany

Temporary reservoir for urine; hollow, muscular container

Location: pelvic cavity just posterior to the symphysis pubis Males: anterior to the rectum; Females: anterior to the

uterus Volume increases and decreases depending on amount

of urine Max volume is 1 L (about 1 quart) Uncomfortable feeling at 500 mL

Wall is thicker than wall of ureter Contraction of smooth muscle forces urine out

Tubular SecretionBy Justin and Ben

All You Need to Know The movement of non-filtered substances, toxic by-products

of metabolism and drugs or molecules not normallly produced by the body, from the blood into the filtrate

The main types are active and passive transport Passive example– Ridding the body of ammonia because it is

toxic Active– para-aminohippuric acid is forced out of the body

because it is not being used