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KIDNEYS

KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS

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Page 1: KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS

KIDNEYS

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KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS

KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS

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FUNCTIONS• Excretion of wastes –

– ammonia and urea (breakdown of amino acids), broken down bilirubin (breakdown of hemoglobin), creatinine (breakdown of creatine phosphate in muscles), uric acid (breakdown of nucleic acids)

• Regulates blood levels of:– Ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate,

chloride)– pH – excrete H+; conserve bicarbonate ions (a

buffer of H+ in blood)– Water – maintains blood volume (bp)

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What is urine?• Mostly water

• wastes

• NOT FOUND: glucose, proteins, rbc, hemoglobin, wbc, and bile

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LOCATION• Above waist

• Protected by 11th and 12th pair of ribs

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ANATOMICAL PARTS

• Renal capsule: outer covering of kidney

• Renal cortex: superficial

• Renal medulla: inner region containing renal pyramids: Apex (papilla) face the hilus– Renal column: part of

medulla between pyramids

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More parts

• minor calyx; major calyces – collect urine from pyramid

• Renal pelvis – collect urine from calyces

• Nephrons – filter urine from blood

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URINE FORMATION

• Occurs in nephrons: mostly in renal cortex

• Leaves through collecting ducts

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1. Glomerular filtration• Water and small

solutes from blood• Glomerular capsule• Due to high bp

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2. Tubular reabsorption• Returns useful nutrients to blood

– Ex: water, glucose, sodium, calcium• Both passive and active transport• ADH affects cell’s permeability to H20

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3. Tubular secretion

• Brings some substances into the urine that are not already there.– Ex: ammonium ions, hydrogen, some drugs

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blood supply

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1. What is the difference between the renal cortex and the renal medulla?

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2. What part of the kidney is the hilus?

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3. What part of the kidney collects urine from a medullary pyramid?

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4. What is the function of a nephron?

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5. Which structure of the urinary system leaves the kidneys with urine?

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