Urinary System Diseases. Kidney Stones a kidney stone is a solid mass of tiny crystals can form when...
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Urinary System Diseases. Kidney Stones a kidney stone is a solid mass of tiny crystals can form when urine contains too much of a certain substance biggest
Kidney Stones a kidney stone is a solid mass of tiny crystals
can form when urine contains too much of a certain substance
biggest risk is dehydration will move from kidney down the ureters
to the bladder (if large can block flow of urine out of the
kidneys, causing swelling which causes severe pain) types of
stones: calcium stones (most common) more common in men, ages 20-30
cystine stones occur in people with the disorder cystinuria uric
acid stones more common in men, occur with gout (type of arthritis)
or chemotherapy
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Symptoms and Treatments SYMPTOMS : pain in belly area or side
of back pain may move to groin area or testicles abnormal urine
blood in urine chills, fever, nausea, vomiting TREATMENTS: stones
that are small enough will pass on their own drink lots of water
(6-8 glasses a day pain relievers depends on type some medications
to decrease size surgery, extracorporeal shock- wave
lithotripsy
Slide 4
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) an infection that can happen
anywhere along the urinary tract different names depending on the
location: bladder also called cystitis or bladder infection kidneys
in one or both called pyelonephritis or kidney infection ureters
rarely the site of infection urethra called urethritis caused by
germs (bacteria) more common in women due to their urethra being
shorter and closer to the anus getting it after sexual activity,
using a diaphragm, menopause diabetes, advanced age, kidney stones,
staying still for a long period of time, pregnancy
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Symptoms and Treatments SYMPTOMS : cloudy or bloody urine, may
have strong or foul odor pain or burning with urination pressure or
cramping in lower abdomen strong need to urinate often, even right
after bladder has been emptied TREATMENTS: doctor determines
whether it is mild or more serious MILD antibiotics drink plenty of
fluids SEVERE too sick to take oral antibiotics or are elderly you
will be admitted into the hospital, will receive fluids and
medicine through a vein
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Bladder Stones hard build ups of minerals that form in the
urinary bladder caused by: another urologic problem such as:
bladder diverticulum enlarged prostate neurogenic bladder (bladder
does not empty properly due to a neurological condition) UTI
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Symptoms and Treatments SYMPTOMS : occur when the stone
irritates the lining of the bladder or obstructs flow of urine
abdominal pain, abnormally colored or dark urine, blood in the
urine, difficulty urinating, frequent urge to urinate, UTI
TREATMENTS: drinking 6-8 glasses of water or more per day to
increase urinary output may remove stones if they dont pass on
their own by using a cystoscope (small tube that passes through the
urethra to the bladder) surgery; removal of stones
Slide 8
Urinary Incontinence loss of bladder control ranges from
occasionally leaking urine when coughing or sneezing to having urge
to urinate that is so sudden and strong you dont get to a toilet
occurs when muscles are too weak or too active (may feel strong
urge to pee when you have a little urine in your bladder) causes:
weakened or stretched pelvic muscles after childbirth enlarge
prostate gland or prostate surgery certain medicines old age
overweight and obesity which increase pressure on bladder UTI,
diabetes, Alzheimers disease, and multiple sclerosis
Slide 9
Treatments TREATMENTS: depends on the cause of the problem
Kegel exercises and bladder training help some types (strengthening
pelvic muscles) medicine sometimes surgery but only if all other
measures have been taken first
Slide 10
Urinary Retention inability to empty the bladder; may have the
urge to urinate but will have little success more common in older
men due to prostate enlargement women may experience it due to
sagging bladder causes: an obstruction in the urinary tract or by
nerve problems that interfere with signals between the brain and
bladder
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Symptoms and Treatments SYMPTOMS : difficulty starting to
urinate or fully emptying the bladder weak dribble or stream of
urine loss of small amounts of urine during the day inability to
feel when bladder is full lack of urge to urinate TREATMENTS:
self-catheterization lifestyles changes, fluid and diet
modification, bladder retraining, Kegel exercises or other kinds of
physical therapy medications neurostimulation sends mild electrical
pulses to the nerves that control the bladder and the muscles
related to urination
Slide 12
Hydronephrosis the swelling of one or both kidneys due to
backup of urine unilateral bilateral occurs with disease
vesicoureteric reflux (backflow of urine from bladder to kidney)
kidney stones
Slide 13
Symptoms and Treatments SYMPTOMS : abdominal mass nausea and
vomiting UTI painful urination (dysuria) increased urinary
frequency and/or urgency TREATMENTS: ureteral stent (tube that
allows the ureter to drain into the bladder) nephrostomy tube (
allows blacked urine to drain through the back) antibiotics for
infections
Slide 14
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Renal Failure loss of the ability of the kidneys to remove
waste and concentrate urine without losing electrolytes (minerals
that carry and electric charge) Causes: autoimmune kidney disease
decreased blood flow due to very low blood pressure (results from
burns, dehydration, hemorrhage, injury, surgery, serious illness,
septic shock) disorders that cause clotting within the kidneys
blood vessels pregnancy complications urinary tract
obstruction
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Symptoms and Treatments SYMPTOMS : bloody stools, breath odor,
bruising easily changes in mental status or mood deceased appetite,
fatigue, hand tremor, high blood pressure, metallic taste in mouth
nosebleeds, persistent hiccups, prolonged bleeding, urination
changes TREATMENTS: goal is to restore kidney function and prevent
fluid and waste from building up in the body while the kidneys heal
will have to regulate how much you drink and what you may or may
not eat to reduce buildup of toxins antibiotics to treat or prevent
infections dialysis may be needed
Slide 17
Renal Agenesis the absence of one or both kidneys bilateral is
fatal (also known as potter syndrome) unilateral usually the
remaining kidney enlarged may not know you are unilateral until a
problem arising causes you to have a CT or ultrasound TREATMENT:
altered diet (i.e. stay away from certain foods, no sugary drinks)
tend to usually have high blood pressure (take medication to deal
with it) drinking lots of water
Slide 18
Slide 19
Red or Pink Urine BLOOD strenuous exercise, UTI, kidney stones,
kidney disease, kidney/bladder cancer FOOD beets, blackberries,
rhubarb pie MEDICATIONS certain laxatives, antipsychotics TOXINS
mercury poison
Slide 20
Orange Urine FOOD carrots, carrot juice MEDICATIONS certain
blood thinners, antibiotics DEHYDRATION drinking too few
fluids
Slide 21
Blue or Green Urine FOOD asparagus (green) MEDICATIONS
amitriptyline, etc DISEASE familial hypercalcemia (a rare inherited
disorder that causes high levels of calcium)
Slide 22
Dark Brown or tea-colored Urine FOOD large amount of fava
beans, black licorice MEDICATIONS antimalarial drugs MEDICAL
CONDITIONS some liver disorders, especially hepatitis and
cirrhosis