Unit 7The Urinary System

Essential Questions

• What are the functions of the kidney?

• How is urine formed and what are the components of urine?

• How does what we ingest have an effect on our urine?

• What role does ADH play in urine formation?

Day 1

• Required Readings:• 16.1, 16.2

• Learning Objectives:• Identify the organs of the urinary system and

describe their general functions• Describe the structure and blood supply of the

kidney• Describe the structure and functions of a nephron• Compare filtration, tubular reabsorption, and

tubular secretion• Explain how urine is formed

Starter• Bozeman Video: Osmoregulation

• What is the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator?

• How are salt water and fresh water fish’s urine different?

• What is/are:• Nephrons• Loop of Henle• Glomerulus• Collecting duct

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 1

• What are the 3 functions of the kidney?

• Write a poem that outlines the functions of the kidney

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2

• On poster paper, draw a picture of a nephron and include the following structures:• Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, descending

limb, ascending limb, collecting duct, loop of Henle

• On the ascending limb, descending limb, and collecting duct, include the following:• Where water is absorbed/secreted • Where salt is absorbed/secreted

• Time: 40 minutes

Closing

• Why is water removed in the descending limb only to be reabsorbed in the ascending limb?

• Which hormone is responsible in urine production?

• How does urine production alter with the consumption of the following:

• Caffeine• Alcohol• Excess water• Not enough water?

Day 2

• Required Readings:• Kidney Dissection

• Learning Objectives:• To identify the structures and functions

of the structures of the kidney• To determine the fate of a soda

molecule

Starter

• Label the following parts on the kidney and nephron:

• Time: 10 minutes

Answers• Kidney

• 1) Renal cortex• 2) Renal medulla• 3) Renal pelvis (minor/major calyx)• 4) Nephron• 5) Ureter

• Nephron• A) Glomerulus • B) Descending limb• C) Loop of Henle• D) Ascending Limb• E) Collecting Duct

Activity 1

• Kidney dissection

• Read through the instructions and dissect with your group

• Clean up when you are finished

• Time: 30 minutes

Activity 2

• Using the powerpoint slides as a guide, write a story explaining what happens to a coke when you drink it

• Use a diagram to help aid your explanation

• Time: 20 minutes

Homework

• Complete your story – Due February 11

Day 3

• Required Readings:• 16.3

• Learning Objectives:• Explain how water and electrolyte

balance and pH balance are maintained in body fluids

• Explain how nitrogenous wastes are kept within normal limits in body fluids

Starter

• The following four hormones act on the kidneys:• Aldosterone• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)• Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)• Parathyroid hormone

• What is the function of these hormones?

• Where do the hormones come from?

• Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1

• Read through “The 2000-Meter Row: A Case in Homeostasis” with your group

• For the questions, there are 2 systems we haven’t talked about yet (nervous, endocrine), but try your best to incorporate those systems into your answers• The hormones you can talk about are the 4

that act on the kidneys as well as epinephrine (adrenaline)

• Time: 30 minutes

Activity 2

• You will be assigned numbers 1-4

• Move to your new group and discuss what was happening physiologically to Jim during his 2000m race

• Time: 15 minutes

Activity 3

• Create a poster for the athletes at TASOK explaining the importance water intake• Everyone will create one

• Ideas to get you started:• How does dehydration negatively effect their

performance?• What are some long-term effects of dehydration• What are good drinks to have during and after

exercise? (Think: electrolyte balance)• What advantage would monitoring their pee

have? How should it look?

• Time: 30 minutes

Closing & Homework

• What hormones act on the kidneys and what are their functions?

• How does water intake effect an athlete’s performance?

• Homework:• Coke story• Water poster• Read 16.4, 16.5

Day 4

• Required Readings:• 16.4, 16.5

• Learning Objectives:• Describe the structure and function of

the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

• Describe the control of micturition• Indicate the normal components of

urine

Starter

• What are the components in urine?

• What components would be a concern if they were found in the urine?• What could a potential diagnosis be if

these components are found in the urine?

• Time: 10 minutes

Activity 1

• Create a model of the structures involved in micturition

• The model should be a working model that shows what happens when urine enters the bladder• i.e. How much urine can the bladder hold?• What happens when urine accumulates in

the bladder?

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2

• Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis

• You will need a hot plate, test tubes, test tube rack, and test tube tongs

• Put everything you used that needs to be washed in the sink after

• Please put the dissecting pans, dissecting kits and stopwatches back in your lab bench when completed

• Time: 45 minutes

Closing

• What could the presence of glucose indicate?

• What could the presence of protein indicate?

Homework

• Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis• Due February 17

Day 5

• Required Readings:• Modeling Kidney Function

• Learning Objectives:• Investigate the function of a human kidney

by constructing a model• Understand the mechanism of urine

formation in the kidney• Observe osmosis as it relates to kidney

filtration• Relate kidney function to homeostasis

Starter

• What is the function of kidneys with regards to waste materials and blood composition?

• How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis of body fluids?

• Time: 10 minutes

Activity 1• Describe the flow of urine and what happens

in each of the following structures:• Nephron• Ureter• Ascending tubule• Bowman’s capsule• Bladder• Collecting duct• Glomerulus• Descending tubule• Urethra

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2

• Read through “Modeling Kidney Function” with your group

• Explain to me what you are going to do before you begin

• Clean-up when complete

• Time: 30 minutes

Activity 3

• “Going Further”

• Work with your group in the computer lab to complete the first paragraph in this section

• Time: 25 minutes

Homework

• Urinalysis Lab

• Modeling Kidney Function

• “Going Further”

Day 6

• Required Readings:• Urinalysis Lab

• Learning Objectives:• Analyze urine samples for colour, pH,

glucose, protein, and specific gravity• Use data collected from the tests to

determine potential causes of abnormal results

Starter

• Answer the pre-lab questions on S-2 of your lab packet

• Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1

• Read through “Activity 2” that starts on page S-6

• Each student will test their own urine and answer the lab questions (1-3) for their own sample

• Create a data table to hand in with your answers

• Time: 10 minutes

Activity 2

• Obtain a sample of your urine to test• You do not need to fill the cup

completely – you only need ~25mL

• Complete the tests for your sample

• Clean up when complete• Throw anything that has touched your

urine into the bin (pipettes, cups, paper towel, glucose strips, etc.)

• Time: 45 minutes

Closing

• What could the following indicate if found in urine?• High pH• Glucose• Protein

• Time: 5 minutes

Homework

• Complete your urinalysis lab questions if you did not complete them in class

Day 7

• Required Readings:• 16.6

• Learning Objectives:• Describe the common disorders of the

urinary system

Activity 1• Choose any 3 of the following disorders to research:

• Kidney stone, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection (UTI), hematuria, kidney disease, urinary incontinence

• Present your findings to me in any way you choose, for example:• Powerpoint, Table/chart, Venn diagram, Poem, Song,

Comic Strip, Diagram, Flow chart, etc.

• What to include:• Cause(s)• Signs & Symptoms• Treatments• Statistics

Day 8

• Summative assessment