UrbanizationGrowth of City and Urban

Life

Reasons for UrbanizationReasons for Urbanization

• New Jobs in City Factories

Reasons for UrbanizationReasons for Urbanization

• Immigration into Cities

Great Migration Great Migration

• Mass movement of blacks to northern cities to escape “Jim Crow” in the south

Urbanization ProblemsUrbanization Problems

• More people then jobs

• Lack of housing

• Lack of public services (water, sewage and transportation)

Urbanization ProblemsUrbanization Problems

• Formation of ghettoes

• High Crime Rate; emergence of mob (immigrants)

Temporary SolutionsTemporary Solutions

• NYC – built first subway system

• High Rise Apartments

Progressive Movement

Movement to address the problems caused by

urbanization, immigration, and industrialization

Goals of the Progressive Goals of the Progressive MovementMovement

• A government controlled by the people

• Guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation

• Elimination of Social Injustices

Problems in Problems in GovernmentGovernment

Corruption Corruption

• City mayors and leaders easily influenced by businesses (bribes)

Boss TweedBoss Tweed• NY mayor known

for corrupt business practices

• Used mob to get immigrant votes

Spoils systemSpoils system

• System of rewarding people with jobs who helped elected officials

• Allowed corrupt people to maintain power

Problem 1Problem 1

• City problems too big for mayor to handle alone

• Mayors were corrupt

Solution 1Solution 1

• New forms of government to meet peoples needs

– Commissions and City Councils formed

– City Managers and Council Managers created

Problem 2Problem 2

• Government made laws that did not serve the people

Solution 2Solution 2

• Recall – public can vote to remove public officials from office

• Referendum – public can approve or reject a law

• Initiative – voters can put a proposed law on election ballot

Problem 3Problem 3

• Election process was flawed

• Spoils system decided too many public offices

• Ballots were public record

Solution 3Solution 3

• Primary elections – voters got to hear from more than 1 candidate

• 17th amendment – voters could directly elect US senators

• Secret Ballots – who you voted for was private info