URBAN WEALTH, QUALITY OF LIFE, ANDTHE DESIGN OF “METASTRUCTURE”

Michael D. LepechAssociate Professor of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThomas V. Jones Engineering Faculty ScholarSenior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment

September 19, 2018

CIFE Summer ProgramStanford, California

BUILDINGS AND THEIR IMPACT ON QUALITYOF LIFE

Image from NASA

< 2%Land Area

Ramsar (2012)

> 60%Growth

> 70%Global CO2

UN (2011)

Adapted from Best (2016)

Urban GDP per CapitaLow High

Potential of Singularly Designed

Urban Systems to Improve

Quality of Life

Low

High

URBAN WEALTH – QUALITY OF LIFE

Laramee, J. (2017)

http://phys.org (2016)

Lepech, M., Schwegler, B., Fischer, M., Mokrian, P. (2016)

Urban GDP per CapitaLow High

Potential of Singularly Designed

Urban Systems to Improve

Quality of Life

Low

High

URBAN WEALTH – QUALITY OF LIFE

Potential of Holistically Designed

Urban Systems to Improve

Quality of Life

Low

High

Disney (2016)

Lepech, M., Schwegler, B., Fischer, M., Mokrian, P. (2016)

Urban GDP per CapitaLow High

Potential of Singularly Designed

Urban Systems to Improve

Quality of Life

Low

High

Lepech, M., Schwegler, B., Fischer, M., Mokrian, P. (2016)

URBAN WEALTH – QUALITY OF LIFE

Potential of Holistically Designed

Urban Systems to Improve

Quality of Life

Low

High

Developed World

Challenge?

Developing World Challenge

?

Rogers, A. (2016) “Welcome to the Metastructure: The New Internet of Transportation” Wired Magazine. January 4, 2016

URBAN “METASTRUCTURE”

Urban MetastructureThe set of physical infrastructures, digital IT

technologies, regulations and policies, financing mechanisms, community engagements, businesses

and business models, partnerships, and other institutions that must be created, applied, and

sustained in concert with each other to provide a high quality of urban life.

Urban GDP per CapitaLow High

Potential of Singularly Designed

Urban Systems to Improve

Quality of Life

Low

High

Lepech, M., Schwegler, B., Fischer, M., Mokrian, P. (2016); Kim (2016)

AN URBAN METASTRUCTURE STRATEGY

Potential of Holistically Designed

Urban Systems to Improve

Quality of Life

Low

High

Disney (2016)

Integrated Urban Material FlowsInfrastructure IoT Performance Sensing and Adaptation

Lepech, M.. (2017)Stanford Codiga (2017)

Integrated Wastewater Treatment & Energy Production

Stanford CIFE (2017)

Digital Twinning and Optimization of Urban Operations

CGPC

New Urban Governance and Finance ModelsInnovative Urban Business Models and Companies

Met

astr

uctu

re

Metastructure

MEASURING “QUALITY OF LIFE”

IDENTIFYING THE COMPONENTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE

DIVING DEEP ON QUALITY OF LIFE

INFRASTRUCTURE IOT PERFORMANCESENSING AND ADAPTATION

NEXT GENERATION SYSTEMS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS

Sundholm, V., Lepech, M. D., & Wikström, K. (2015)

NEXTGEN MUNICIPAL CREDIT RISK MODELING: DIGITAL TWINNING

Service Life

Prediction

Material andTransportModels

Cracking

Debonding

Properties

Resistivity

Ions

Oxygen

TemperatureMoisture

TemperatureMoisture

MicrostructureIons Oxygen

FROM BIM TO FEM – FIDELITY UPGRADE

COMSOL ModelCOMSOL Mesh

DIGITAL TWIN SIMULATION RESULTS

Corrosion current densityLattice model of crack formation

PROBABILISTIC RISK-BASED CASH AND IMPACT FORECASTING

IMPACT BONDS AND “PAY FOR SUCCESS”Various Mechanisms

› Social Impact Bonds (SIB) or “pay-for-success”› Green bonds› Carbon tax› Cap-and-trade

Kim (2014)

COST/REVENUE SHARING FOR SMART SERVICESKim (2014)

INTEGRATED URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

• Building Mix and Land Use

• Network Configuration

1

https://thenounproject.com/

• Power Generation Tech

• Heating Tech• Cooling Tech

• Water Treatment and Reclamation Techs

• Weather conditions• Climate

• Solar irradiation• Distribution System Properties

URBAN SYSTEM VARIABLES AND CONSTRAINTS

Best (2016)

COMMUNITY FOCUS OF INTEGRATED PLANNING AND DESIGN

INTEGRATING ENERGY SYSTEMS, BUILDINGS, AND COMMUNITIES

Best (2016)

Copied from Rob’s thesis

MODELING COMBINED CHP ENGINES

Best (2016)

MODELING CHILLERS

Best (2016)

Building mix (demand)

Supply Techs (E, H, C, W)

Objectives:• Max energy eff• Min CO2,e,TFC• Min LCC

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM MODELING APPROACH

CASE STUDY: URBAN SYSTEM PLANNING METRICS

Gross Floor Area (GFA): Sum of total floor area of all buildings developed

Floor Area Ratio (FAR): GFA divided by total site area

Maximum Height: Maximum height of the buildings

Dwelling Units per Acre: Total of houses + apartments / number of acres

260 ACRE SITE IN SAN FRANCISCO

OPTIMAL COMMUNITY SCENARIOS

Building mix (demand)

Supply Techs (E, H, C, W)

Objectives:• Max energy eff• Min CO2,e,TFC• Min LCC• Max Reclaimed Water

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM MODELING APPROACH

1 . Convent iona l sys tems (phys ica l , chemica l , & bio log ica lt rea tment )

2 . Trad i t iona l combined wi th membranes

3 . Membrane-based

INTEGRATING WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

CCHPWaste Heat

1

2

3

4

Wastew

ater

Produced Water

3

MODELING FORWARD OSMOSIS-MEMBRANE DISTILLATION

INTEGRATING WATER TREATMENT WITH ENERGYPRODUCTION AND BUILDING DESIGN

VISUALIZATION DEMONSTRATION

ConclusionsUrban Wealth – Quality of Life Challenge highlights both the developed world and

developing world challenge with urban systems

Solutions to the challenge will comprise a new urban “metastructure” that connects existing and new technologies in innovative ways

Infrastructure IoT Performance Sensing and AdaptationLeveraging BIM to build multi-physics high fidelity performance models of infrastructure systems and buildings

Integrating Urban System Infrastructure SystemsBuilding Design with Community Energy SystemsBuilding Design with Energy Systems and Water Systems

Continuing development of Design, Analysis, Optimization, and Visualization Tools to support a sustainable built environment and high quality of life at all scales of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC)

QUESTIONS