Upgrading the Existing Facilities in Indian Railway Coache Review 11111

8/3/2019 Upgrading the Existing Facilities in Indian Railway Coache Review 11111

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UPGRADING THE EXISTING

FACILITIES IN INDIAN RAILWAYCOACHES.

TEAM MEMBERS TEAM GUIDE

Aiswarya.S.Rao Mrs. N.Deepa

Harini .V

Jerry Joseph


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INDIAN RAILWAYS

Introduced in 1853.

Undertaking of Govt. OfIndia, overseen by

Ministry Of Railways. 4th largest railway network

114,500 km of total track,7500 stations.

Can carry 30 million passengers and 2.8million tons of freight daily.


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ABSTRACT This project aims at improving the existing facilities in Indian

railway coaches. The thrust areas being automatic temperaturecontrol inside the AC coaches and automatic toilet flushing

system. For temperature control, the temperature inside the

coach is compared with the outside temperature by using two

temperature sensors and accordingly the temperatureadjustment will be done. If the temperature inside the coach is

lesser than the outside temperature then the cooling will be

decreased . And if the temperature inside the coach is higher

than the outside temperature then the cooling will be

increased. For the automatic flushing of toilets, we use an

pressure sensor that will be placed on the toilet seat. When the

pressure is sensed by the pressure sensor it will automatically

initiate a flushing operation according to the PLC program.


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EXISTING PROBLEMS

Unhygienic conditions of

the toilets. Manual temperature

adjustment in ac coaches.


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SOLUTIONS

Automatic Flushing System

in toilets to keep themclean.

Automatic TemperatureControl in ac coaches.


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AUTOMATICFLUSHING

SYSTEM


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PROPOSED SYSTEM

A pair of pressure sensors is placed

above the toilet seat.

When the pressure is sensed by the

pressure sensor, a signal is generated

which is given to the PLC using RF

transmitter/receiver and this initiates

the flushing.


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COMPONENTS

SOLENOID VALVE

PLC

PRESSURE SENSOR POWER SUPPLY

DIODE IN4007

TRANSISTOR BC547 RELAY COIL

HT-12E/HT-12D TRASMITTER /RECEIVER PAIR


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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Transmitter

Encoder

Pressuresensor

Receiver

Decoder

Transmitter

Encoder

Receiver

Decoder

PLCSolenoid

valve


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ELECTRONIC

CIRCUITS


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HT-12E TRANSMITTER -INPUT SIDE

Pressure sensor

Output

5v Power supplyMANUAL

FLUSH


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HT-12D RECEIVER-PLC

INPUT

PLC

OUTPUT

OUT

Y0

MANUAL

FLUSH

MANUAL

FLUSH


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HT-12E TRANSMITTER-PLC


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HT-12D RECEIVER-OUTPUT


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ELECTR0NIC CIRCUIT

Relaycoil

Protection

diode

Sv

Input

+12v

NO

COMSolenoid

valve

NC

Transistor

Relay

contacts

0V

1K


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LADDER LOGIC


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AUTOMATIC

TEMPERATURECONTROL


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EXISTING SYSTEM

Three temperature settings are

available in ac coaches , for

adjustment of which an attendanthas to be called always. The

adjustment is done manually.


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PROPOSED SYSTEM

The Temperature adjustment is done

automatically by comparison of two

temperatures - inside and outside. Initially the temperature inside the coach

is lesser than the outside temperature. If

outside temperature increases then thecooling increases and vice versa.


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TEMPERATURE RANGES

Lower Medium High

Cooling 22 deg.C 24 deg.C 26 deg.C

Heating 17deg.C 19 deg.C 21 deg.C


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COMPONENTS

LM 35

PLC

POWER SUPPLY FAN


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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Input

Output

PLCPc

Inner temp

sensor

Outer temp

sensor5v dc supply 5v dc supply

output output

cooler/fan


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LM 35

IC Sensor

Electrical voltage as output proportional to

temperature ino

C. Temperature Range: -55 to 150 o C.

Sensitivity : 10 mV/o C.

Supply Voltage : 5V Output Voltage : +6V to -1V


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LM-35


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WHY LM-35?

More accurate than thermistor.

Sensor circuit is sealed and not subjected

to oxidation. Higher output voltage than

thermocouple

Amplification of output voltage not

required.


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Have a clean and comfortable

journey

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Upgrading the Existing Facilities in Indian Railway Coache Review 11111