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Evaporation
widely used process in engineering as asimple technique to
concentrate solutions
Concentration is accomplished by boiling out
a solvent, normally water, from the liquid.
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One of the most energyintensive processes usedin the dairy, food
and
chemical industries
Evaporation
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Applications
Evaporators are used as a thermalseparation technology, for the
concentrationor separation of liquid solutions, suspensionsand
emulsions.
Dryer feed pre-concentration
Volume reduction
Water/solvent recovery
Crystallization
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Evaporation process
The cascade takes vapor from the first unit
and uses it to boil the solution. The sameconcept is used for
the second unit and canbe followed by further contacting units.
Theonly requirement is that the pressure in eachstage is lower than
the previous one.
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Evaporation process
The optimal number of units in a multi-effectevaporation process
requires a processanalysis of the tradeoffbetween energysavings and
the capital costs for thecontacting units.
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TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
Batch pan
Natural circulation
Rising film tubular
Falling film tubular
Rising/falling filmtubular
Forced circulation Wiped film
Plate equivalents of
tubular evaporators
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Batch pan
one of the oldestmethods of
concentration concentration of jams
and jellies where wholefruit is present and in
processing somepharmaceuticalproducts
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Natural circulation
Particular features
Quick start-upand large
specificcapacity
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Rising Film Tubular
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Falling Film Tubular
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Rising/Falling Film Tubular
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Forced Circulation
Particular features
Long operatingperiods
Optimized heatexchange surface
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Wiped Film
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Plate Type EvaporatorsParticular features
Use of different heating media
High product quality
Little space required Easy installation requiring little
time
Flexible evaporation rates
Ease of maintenance and cleaning .
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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For products that are heat sensitive
PLATE TYPE EVAPORATORS
Apple juiceCoffeePear juiceAmino acidsFruit pureesPectinBeef
brothsGelatinPharmaceuticalproducts
Beet juiceGrape juicePineapple juiceBetacyclodextrin
Lime juiceSkim milkCaragenanLiquid eggSugarsCheese whey Low
alcohol beerVegetable juicesChicken brothMango juice
Whey proteinCitrus juiceOrange juiceWhole milk
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RISING/FALLING FILM PLATE
TYPES OF EVAPORATORSRising/Falling Film Plate
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Falling Film Plate
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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Falling Film PlateTYPES OF EVAPORATORS
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based on:
Capacity and operating data
Product properties Utility Requirements
material of construction
Costs Site conditions
Legislative framework
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EVAPORATOR TYPE SELECTION
Product properties
This diagram shows a selection guide based on the viscosity and
foulingtendency of the product.
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EVAPORATOR TYPE SELECTION
Material of Construction
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Quantities and Concentration Ratiosin Evaporation Plants
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PLC - Programmable LogicControl
