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N a m i n g C h e m i c a l F o r m u l a sN a m i n g C h e m i c a l F o r m u l a s

Nomenclature

Mr. Bass

Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 2

Naming Formulas

Binary Compounds– Metals bonded to nonmetals

Metals with only one oxidation number. Metals with more than one oxidations number.

– Modern Method– Latin Method (Read Only)

– Binary Acids– Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal.

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Binary Compounds Binary Compounds

Binary Compounds: compounds composed Binary Compounds: compounds composed of two elements.of two elements.– A metal with a positive oxidation number A metal with a positive oxidation number

(cation).(cation).– An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number

(anion).(anion).

The first rule only applies to metals which The first rule only applies to metals which have have oneone oxidation number oxidation number..

Binary Compounds: compounds composed Binary Compounds: compounds composed of two elements.of two elements.– A metal with a positive oxidation number A metal with a positive oxidation number

(cation).(cation).– An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number

(anion).(anion).

The first rule only applies to metals which The first rule only applies to metals which have have oneone oxidation number oxidation number..

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Metals bonded to nonmetalsMetals bonded to nonmetals

Write the name of the positive element (metal) first.

Then write the stem of the negative element (nonmetal) with an “ide“ suffix.– Reminder:

Metals to the left of the step ladder. Nonmetals to the right of the step ladder.

Write the name of the positive element (metal) first.

Then write the stem of the negative element (nonmetal) with an “ide“ suffix.– Reminder:

Metals to the left of the step ladder. Nonmetals to the right of the step ladder.

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Metals

Nonmetals

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Metals bonded to NonmetalsMetals bonded to Nonmetals

Examples:

NaCl - sodium chloride

CaI2 - calcium iodide

Li4C - lithium carbide

Examples:

NaCl - sodium chloride

CaI2 - calcium iodide

Li4C - lithium carbide

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Polyatomic ions:Polyatomic ions:

Compounds with polyatomic ions:– Remember, polyatomic ions behave like one

element. Write the name of the polyatomic ion without

changing its name.– If it is a cation it goes first in the name.– If it is an anion it goes second in the name.

It is important to recognize the polyatomic ions (memorize them!!!!).

Compounds with polyatomic ions:– Remember, polyatomic ions behave like one

element. Write the name of the polyatomic ion without

changing its name.– If it is a cation it goes first in the name.– If it is an anion it goes second in the name.

It is important to recognize the polyatomic ions (memorize them!!!!).

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Memorize Polyatomic List

MnO4-1 permanganate

OH-1 hydroxide CN-1 cyanide NH4

+1 ammonium

Other polyatomic ions are on Table of Common Ions and pg 796.

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Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

Examples:

NaOH - sodium hydroxide

MgSO4 - magnesium sulfate

CaCO3 - calcium carbonate

Examples:

NaOH - sodium hydroxide

MgSO4 - magnesium sulfate

CaCO3 - calcium carbonate

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Metals with more than one oxidation number. There are two methods of naming these

metals:– Modern Method (preferred method)– Latin Method (Should be able to read)

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Modern Method

Students should be able to read or write chemical formulas using the modern method.

If the positive element has more than one possible oxidation number, its oxidation is shown as a roman numeral after its name.– Group 1 & 2 Metals all have just one oxidation number.– Check on the table of common ions to determine if

there is more than one oxidation number. If the name of an ion has a roman number by it there are more

than one possible oxidation numbers. Check in the book on pg 796.

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Modern Method

E x a m p l e s :– PbO2 - lead IV oxide

– CuCl - copper I chloride– Au2O3 - gold III oxide

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Latin Method

Students should be able to read the latin metal names.– If the metal is in its highest oxidation state add

the suffix –ic to the stem of the latin name for the element.

– If the metal is in its next-to-highest oxidation state add the suffix –ous to the stem of the latin name for the element.

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Latin Names of Elements

Students must memorize this list.– While there are others, these are the primary

elements that we will use this method with.

Ferrium = Iron

Cupprium = Copper

Stannium = Tin

Ferric = Fe+3 Ferrous = Fe+2

Cupric = Cu+2Cuprous = Cu+1

Stannic = Sn+4 Stannous = Sn+2

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Reading Latin Names

1. Determine the oxidation number of the metal based upon the name.

2. Make the sum of the oxidation #s to be = 0.

– ferric chloride– cuprous oxide– stannic cyanide

Fe+3Cl-13

Cu+12O-2

Sn+4(CN-1)4

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Binary Acids

Binary Acid: Hydrogen bonded to a nonmetal in an aqueous solution (aq).

Must be in an aqueous solution otherwise it is named as a metal bonded to a nonmetal.

Use the prefix hydro- add the stem of the nonmetal and add the suffix –ic and the word acid.– This must be an aqueous solution!

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Examples of Binary Acids

HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid H2S (aq) hydrosulfuric acid

H3P (aq) hydrophosphoric acid

HCl (g) hydrogen Chloride H2S (g) hydrogen sulfide

H3P (g) hydrogen phosphide

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Nonmetals bonded to Nonmetals

Give the prefix- + stem of 1st nonmetal and then prefix + stem of 2nd nonmetal.– If the prefix for the 1st element is mono, drop

the prefix.

Oxidation #s are not used for this category of compounds!!!

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Prefix Chart

mono = 1 di = 2 tri = 3 quadra = 4 penta = 5

hexa = six hepta = seven octa = eight nepta = nine deca = ten

CO2

CO

Te2O

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

ditellurium monoxide

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Naming Formulas

Binary Compounds– Metals bonded to nonmetals

Metals with only one oxidation number. Metals with more than one oxidations number.

– Modern Method– Latin Method (Read Only)

– Binary Acids– Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal.

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Naming Chemical FormulasNaming Chemical Formulas

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