Update on Camelina Agronomy Research Trials

Eric N. Johnson, Kevin Falk, Henry Klein-Gebbinck, Lance Lewis, Cecil Vera, Yantai Gan, Linda Hall, Keith Topinka, S.S. Malhi, William

May, Chantal Bauche and Sherrilyn Phelps

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Studies• Planting Density Study

- Determine optimum seeding density- 2 different lines were evaluated- Study done at Scott (2008, 2007), Melfort (2008, 2007), Beaverlodge (2008,

2007), Lethbridge (2008), Swift Current (2007), and Redvers (2007)

• Nitrogen Response Trial• Conducted in 2008 at Melfort, Scott, Lethbridge, and 2009 at Scott, Melfort, and

Indian Head

• Seeding Date Trial• Conducted in 2009 at Indian Head

• Biodiesel Potential Trial• 2008 data presented.

• Herbicide Screening Trials• Study conducted at Scott (2007, 2008)

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Planting Density Trial – Scott, Beaverlodge, and Swift Current

• 2 lines were evaluated• Planting densities:

– 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 seeds per m2

• Thousand kernel weight of camelina seed was 1.2 to 1.4 grams

• Weed control – trifluralin and/or hand-weeding

Seeds m-2 kg ha-1 lb acre-1

12 0.2 0.1525 0.3 0.350 0.7 0.6

100 1.3 1.2200 2.8 2.5400 5.5 4.9800 11 9.8

1600 22.2 19.6

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Effect of Location on Percent Plant Emergence.

PercentSite Year EmergenceBeaverlodge 2008 51%

2007 58%Melfort 2008 12%

2007 29%Scott 2008 44%

2007 27%Lethbridge 2008 47%Redvers 2007 41%Swift Current 2007 67%MEAN 42%

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Effect of Seeding Rate on Percent Plant Emergence

Seeds Emerged Percentm-2 Plants m-2 Emergence12 7 59%25 12 50%50 22 43%

100 43 43%200 79 39%400 147 37%800 277 35%

1600 444 28%

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Effect of Seeding Rate on Lodging of Camelina

0

1

2

3

4

12 25 50 100 200 400 800 1600

Seeding Rate (seeds per sq. m.)

Lodg

ing

Rat

ing

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Effect of Seeding Rate on Maturity

80

85

90

95

100

12 25 50 100 200 400 800 1600

Seeding rate (Seeds per sq. m.)

Day

s to

Mat

urity

8

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 500 1000 1500 2000Seeding Rate (seeds/m2)

Yiel

d (k

g/ha

)Effect of seeding rate on yield of camelina.

Curve flattens out at about 500 seeds/m2

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Relationship between plant emergence and seed yield

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Emerged plants per sq. m.

Yiel

d (k

g/ha

)Yields plateau at about 125 to 200 plants/m2Yields decline quickly below 70 plants/m2

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Seeding rate recommendations• 500 seeds per square meter minimum

– 42% emergence – 210 plants /m2– 25% emergence – 125 plants / m2– 12% emergence – 60 plants / m2; inadequate but would need

to go to 800 seeds per square meter to obtain satisfactory plant stand.

• 500 seeds per square meter = 6.0 kg/ha or 5 lb/acre.• Results are consistent with studies from other areas of

the world.

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Nitrogen Response Trial

• Conducted at Scott (3 trials), Melfort, and Lethbridge– 2008 / Scott, Melfort and Indian Head 2009.

• Conducted on cereal stubble.• Rates of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg/ha applied in 2008.

Rates in 2009 were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 200 kg/ha in 2009.

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Yield

1200130014001500160017001800190020002100220023002400250026002700

rate0 100 200

N response in camelina Nitrogen rate vs yield

Pseudo r2 = 0.98Join point = 120Plateau = 2648

Mean of 8 site-years 2008-2009

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Response of various Brassica species to Nitrogen

N fertilizer rate

Mean join point

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Effect of Seeding Date on Camelina Yield. Source: Bill May, Indian Head. 2009.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Oct 02/08 Oct 08/08 Oct 15/08 Oct 22/08 Oct 29/08 Apr 29/09 May 06/09 May 13/09

Seeding Date

Yiel

d (k

g/ha

)

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Yield vs Plant establishment. Indian Head. 2009.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Oct 02/08 Oct 08/08 Oct 15/08 Oct 22/08 Oct 29/08 Apr 29/09 May 06/09 May 13/09

Seeding Date

Yiel

d (k

g/ha

)

0

1020

30

40

5060

70

Oct 02/08 Oct 08/08 Oct 15/08 Oct 22/08 Oct 29/08 Apr 29/09 May 06/09 May 13/09

Seeding Date

Plan

ts /

m ro

w

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Test 88 - Biodiesel Potential of Alternative Species

• Objective– To evaluate the agronomic performance and the biodiesel

quality of ten different oilseed species or cultivars.

• Locations– Lethbridge, Swift Current, Scott, Indian Head, Morden

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Crops / Cultivars Evaluated

1. Brassica napus canola cv. Invigor 54402. Brassica rapa canola cv ACS-C73. Camelina sativa cv. Calena4. Brassica carinata ethiopian mustard (Common seed)5. Sinapis alba yellow mustard cv. Andante6. Canola quality Brassica juncea cv. Xceed 77847. Brassica juncea oriental mustard cv. Cutlass8. Flax cv. Bethune9. Soybean cv. LS0036RR10. Soybean cv. OAC Prudence

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% plant emergence

Camelina – very small seed, low emergence

Indian Swift Species Head Lethbridge Morden Scott Current MeanB. napus canola – 51% 37% 29% 23% 35%B. rapa canola – 49% 44% 28% 19% 35%Camelina – 42% 43% 16% 13% 29%B. carinata – 45% 33% 20% 23% 30%Yellow mustard – 56% 32% 29% 24% 35%CQ B. juncea – 40% 37% 37% 14% 32%B. juncea – 52% 38% 30% 23% 36%Flax – 46% 43% 48% 32% 42%Soybean - LS0036RR – 77% 98% 83% 57% 78%Soybean - OAC Prudence – 86% 55% 100% 49% 73%

– 54% 46% 42% 28% 42%

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Seed Yield (kg/ha) of oilseed crops at 5 locations. 2008.

Indian Swift Species Head Lethbridge Morden Scott Current MeanB. napus canola 3234 2846 1732 2852 1779 2489B. rapa canola 1406 2628 1707 2158 1306 1841Camelina 1525 4152 1854 1835 1902 2253B. carinata 2082 1699 1287 1825 1361 1651Yellow mustard 1649 3188 1335 1652 1410 1847CQ B. juncea 2136 2813 1530 1840 980 1860B. juncea 2143 3325 1674 2562 1596 2260Flax 1474 2145 2082 2009 1365 1815Soybean - LS0036RR 1055 1666 2006 771 722 1244Soybean - OAC Prudence 527 1439 1443 740 916 1013

LSD0.05 239 325 316 491 200 612

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Estimated oil yields (tonne/ha)

** oil yields are based on estimates from literature; actual oil contents n/a at time of reporting

Indian Swift Species Head Lethbridge Morden Scott Current MeanB. napus canola 1.49 1.31 0.80 1.31 0.82 1.14B. rapa canola 0.63 1.18 0.77 0.97 0.59 0.83Camelina 0.61 1.66 0.74 0.73 0.76 0.90B. carinata 0.73 0.59 0.45 0.64 0.48 0.58Yellow mustard 0.54 1.05 0.44 0.55 0.47 0.61CQ B. juncea 0.96 1.27 0.69 0.83 0.44 0.84B. juncea 0.84 1.30 0.65 1.00 0.62 0.88Flax 0.66 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.61 0.81Soybean - LS0036RR 0.24 0.38 0.46 0.18 0.17 0.29Soybean - OAC Prudence 0.12 0.33 0.33 0.17 0.21 0.23

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Test 88 Conclusions

• B. napus canola – highest overall seed and oil yields; however other crops show potential (location dependent);

• Summary• Lethbridge – Camelina, Yellow mustard, B. juncea, CQ B.

juncea performed > or = B. napus• Swift Current – Camelina > B. napus• Scott – B. napus # 1, B. juncea close• Indian Head – B. napus # 1, nothing else close• Morden – Flax > B. napus , soybean seed yield > B. napus but

much lower oil yields.

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Weed Control Project

• Initiated in 2007, funded by Saskatchewan Canola Development Commission.

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Weed Control in Camelina

• Options are limited• No registered herbicides• Some growers using Treflan• May be difficult to get Treflan or Edge registered

-PMRA has moratorium on new registrations for this herbicide family.

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Broadleaf Herbicides Evaluated:

• Assert 300SC• Attain• 2, 4-D Amine• MCPA Amine• Basagran Forte• Pardner• Corbutox

• Frontline• Lontrel• Liberty• Spartan 4F• Converge Pro• Odyssey• Refine Extra

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Grass Herbicides Evaluated:

• Select-1x & 2x• Assure II-1x & 2x• Poast Ultra-1x & 2x

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Broadleaf HerbicidesBroadleaf Herbicides

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Untreated Check

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Assert

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Attain

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2, 4-D Amine

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MCPA Amine

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Basagran Forte

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Pardner

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Cobutox (2, 4-DB)

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Frontline

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Lontrel

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Liberty

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Authority

39

Converge Pro

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Odyssey

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Refine Extra

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2008 – Untreated check

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Clomazone

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Frontier - dimethanamid

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Pendamethalin

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Muster Gold applied to Camelina Beaverlodge

Photos courtesy of Richard Gugel, AAFC, Saskatoon

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Grass HerbicidesGrass Herbicides• Assure II – minor use work

done in 2009. Should be relatively easy to get registered.

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Conclusion

• Broadleaf weed control options limited• Know how to control volunteers!• Good tolerance to grass herbicides

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Conclude

• Minimum seeding rate of 500 seeds/m2 recommended• Nitrogen requirements similar to other Brassica species• Spring seeding > Fall seeding – more studies underway

with ADOPT program• Broadleaf weed control an issue.