UNMASKED - Home | soba.iamempowered.com...Year Black White Index Diff. (’20–’18) MEDIAN INCOME (0.25) Median Household Income (Real), Dollars ACS 2018 41,361 70,642 59% -2.5

UNMASKED2020 BLACK–WHITE EQUALITY INDEX™

A NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE PUBLICATION www.stateofblackamerica.org

THE 2020 EQUALITY INDEX™

UNDERSTANDING

32020 STATE OF BLACK AMERICA® UNMASKED

BLACK–WHITE EQUALITY INDEX™ NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE

EQUALITY

WHY DOES THE NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE PUBLISH AN EQUALITY INDEX? Economic empowerment is the central theme of the National Urban League’s

mission. The Equality Index gives us a way to document progress toward this

mission for Black and Hispanic Americans relative to whites.

WHAT IS THE EQUALITY INDEX TRYING TO DO? Imagine if we were to summarize how well African Americans and Hispanics are

doing compared to whites in the areas of economics, health, education, social

justice and civic engagement and represent that by a pie.

The Equality Index measures the share of that pie which African Americans and

Hispanics get.

Whites are used as the benchmark because the history of race in America has

created advantages for whites that continue to persist in many of the outcomes

being measured.

INEQUALITYVS



THE 2020 EQUALITY INDEX OF BLACK AMERICA IS 73.8%. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? That means that rather than having a whole pie (100%), which would mean full

equality with whites in 2020, African Americans are missing about 26% of the

pie. Similarly, a Hispanic Index of 78.8% indicates that about 21% of the pie is

missing for Hispanics.

BLACK–WHITE EQUALITY INDEX

73.8%BLACK



HOW IS THE EQUALITY INDEX CALCULATED? The categories that make up the Equality Index are: economics, health,

education, social justice and civic engagement. In each category, we use

nationally representative statistics to calculate a sub-index that captures how

well African Americans and Hispanics are doing relative to whites. Each category

is weighted based on the importance that we give to each. The weighted

average of all five categories is then calculated to get the total Equality Index.

EQUALITY INDEX CATEGORY BREAKDOWN

Economics 30%

Health 25%

Education 25%

Social Justice 10%

Civic Engagement 10%

73.8%BLACK



Economics 59.2%

Health 83.8%

Education 77.3%

Social Justice 57.5%

Civic Engagement 100.0%

IS IT POSSIBLE TO SEE HOW WELL AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE DOING IN EACH OF THE CATEGORIES? Yes. We show this in the tables included with the Equality Index.

We estimate an index for each category that can be interpreted in the same way as

the total Equality Index. So, an index of 59.2% for the economics category for African

Americans in 2020 means that African Americans are missing close to half of the

economics mini-pie. The figure below summarizes the total 2020 Equality Index and

the index in each category for African Americans.

BLACK–WHITE EQUALITY INDEX BY CATEGORY

73.8%BLACK



IS IT POSSIBLE TO SEE HOW WELL AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE DOING OVER TIME? Yes. The National Urban League has published the Equality Index of Black America

and all the variables used to calculate it since 2005.

Equality Index Economics Health Education Social Justice Civic Engagement

BLACK–WHITE EQUALITY INDEX COMPARISON > 2005 VS 2020

100

0

PE

RC

EN

T (%

)

YEAR

’05 ’20 ’05 ’20 ’05 ’20 ’05 ’20 ’05 ’20 ’05 ’20

72.9

%73

.8%

56.8

%59

.2%

76.2

% 83.8

%

77.2

%

77.3

%

67.5

%

57.5

%

108.

1%

100.

0%



IT DOESN’T LOOK LIKE THERE’S BEEN MUCH IMPROVEMENT IN THE EQUALITY INDEX. WHAT’S THE POINT? The Equality Index is made up of a lot of different parts. Improvements in

one area are sometimes offset by losses in another area, leaving the overall

index unchanged.

Change often happens slowly. The Equality Index offers solid evidence of just

how slowly it happens, making the index an indispensable tool for shaping the

policies needed in the ongoing fight against inequality.

NOT ALL AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HISPANICS ARE DOING POORLY AND NOT ALL WHITES ARE DOING WELL. WHY DOESN’T THE EQUALITY INDEX CAPTURE CLASS DIFFERENCES? The Equality Index was created to capture racial inequality. Most of the data

points are reported as averages for African Americans, whites and Hispanics.

An average is the easiest way to summarize a large amount of information but

can mask class differences within each group. While the Equality Index does not

detail class differences, it does highlight regional differences in racial inequality

through our rankings of metro area unemployment and income inequality (not

included this year but available for prior years).

2020 EQUALITY INDEX™

DATA PROVIDED BY IHS MARKIT

NATIONAL

URBAN

LEAGUE


NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUEBLACK–WHITE EQUALITY INDEX™

2020 EQUALITY INDEX OF BLACK AMERICA

Source Year Black White Index Diff. (’20–’18)

MEDIAN INCOME (0.25)

Median Household Income (Real), Dollars ACS 2018 41,361 70,642 59% -2.5

Median Male Earnings, Dollars, Weekly ACS 2018 735 1,002 73% 3.4

Median Female Earnings, Dollars, Weekly ACS 2018 654 817 80% -1.6

POVERTY (0.15)

Population Living Below Poverty Line, % ACS 2018 20.8 8.1 39% -2.9

Population Living Below 50% of Poverty Line, % ACS 2018 9.4 3.9 41% -0.3

Population Living Below 125% of Poverty Line, % ACS 2018 27.1 10.9 40% -3.7

Population Living Below Poverty Line (Under 18), % CPS ASEC 2018 25.0 8.5 34% -1.1

Population Living Below Poverty Line (65 and Older), % CPS ASEC 2018 18.9 7.4 39% 1.2

EMPLOYMENT ISSUES (0.20)

Unemployment Rate, % BLS 2019 6.1 3.3 54% 3.4

Unemployment Rate: Male, % BLS 2019 6.6 3.3 50% 3.1

Unemployment Rate: Female, % BLS 2019 5.6 3.2 57% 2.1

Unemployment Rate Persons Ages 16–19, % BLS 2019 20.7 11.5 56% 4.7

Percent Not in Workforce: Ages 16–19, % BLS 2019 69.9 62.5 89% -0.9

Percent Not in Workforce: Ages 16 and Older, % BLS 2019 37.5 37.0 99% 0.0

Labor Force Participation Rate, % BLS 2019 62.5 63.0 99% 0.0

LFPR 16–19, % BLS 2019 30.1 37.5 80% -1.3

LFPR 20–24, % BLS 2019 70.4 73.9 95% 0.6

LFPR Over 25: Less Than High School Grad., % BLS 2019 37.3 48.1 78% -0.5

LFPR Over 25: High School Grad., No College, % BLS 2019 58.9 57.4 103% -2.5

TOTAL WEIGHTED INDEX

59.2%

CATEGORY WEIGHT

30%

DIFFERENCE FROM 2018

+0.9

Updated Data No New Data Revised Source Data

ECONOMICS






LFPR Over 25: Some College, No Degree, % BLS 2019 66.5 60.9 109% -0.3

LFPR Over 25: Associate Degree, % BLS 2019 73.5 68.7 107% 0.5

LFPR Over 25: Some College or Associate Degree, % BLS 2019 69.0 64.0 108% -0.1

LFPR Over 25: College Grad., % BLS 2019 77.6 73.0 106% -0.3

Employment to Pop. Ratio, % BLS 2019 58.7 61.0 96% 0.9

HOUSING & WEALTH (0.34)

Home Ownership Rate, % Census 2018 43.6 71.9 61% 2.8

Mortgage Application Denial Rate (Total), % HDMA 2016 25.3 10.3 41% 5.9

Mortgage Application Denial Rate (Male), % HDMA 2016 22.8 11.4 50% 5.6

Mortgage Application Denial Rate (Female), % HDMA 2016 26.8 12.2 46% 7.7

Mortgage Application Denial Rate (Joint), % HDMA 2016 25.3 8.6 34% 4.9

Home Improvement Loans Denials (Total), % HDMA 2016 53.6 28.9 54% 4.9

Home Improvement Loans Denials (Male), % HDMA 2016 53.6 32.7 61% 3.3

Home Improvement Loans Denials (Female), % HDMA 2016 57.4 36.4 63% 5.5

Home Improvement Loans Denials (Joint), % HDMA 2016 44.3 42.1 95% 50.9

Percent of High-Priced Loans (More Than 3% Above Treasury) HDMA 2016 9.0 3.4 38% 0.0

Median Home Value, 2000 Dollars ACS 2016 103,239 147,433 70% 0.0

Median Net Worth, 2016 Dollars SCF 2016 17,150 171,000 10%

Median Equity in Home, Dollars SCF 2016 64,000 196,000 33%

Percent Investing in Retirement Account, % SCF 2016 33.6 60.4 56%

Percent Investing in IRA, % SCF 2016 13.2 46.5 28%

U.S. Firms By Race (% Compared to Employment Share) Census SBO

2017 14.4 107.2 13% 0.6

DIGITAL DIVIDE (0.05)

Households With Computer at Home, % ACS 2018 87.8 92.2 95% -0.2

Households With the Internet, % ACS 2017 88.2 93.4 94% 5.9

Adult Users With Broadband Access, % ACS 2018 77.7 86.5 90% 1.3

TRANSPORTATION (0.01)

Car Ownership, % ACS 2018 70.5 87.3 81% -6.4

Means of Transportation to Work: Drive Alone, % ACS 2018 73.3 79.3 92% 1.4

Means of Transportation to Work: Public Transportation, % ACS 2018 9.6 3.1 32% 2.9

Economic Weighted Index 59.2% 0.9





DEATH RATES & LIFE EXPECTANCY (0.45)

Life Expectancy at Birth CDC 2017 75.3 78.5 96% 0.5

Male CDC 2017 71.9 76.1 94% 0.4

Female CDC 2017 78.2 81.0 97% 0.2

Life Expectancy at 65 (Additional Expected Years) CDC 2017 18.2 19.3 94% 0.5

Male at 65 CDC 2017 16.4 18.0 91% 1.1

Female at 65 CDC 2017 19.7 20.5 96% 0.5

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): All Causes CDC 2017 881.0 755.0 86% -0.3

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Male CDC 2017 1,083.3 885.1 82% -0.7

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Female CDC 2017 728.0 642.8 88% 0.2

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Heart Disease CDC 2017 208.0 168.9 81% 3.6

Ischemic Heart Disease CDC 2017 285.5 220.1 77% -12.5

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Stroke (Cerebrovascular)

CDC 2017 52.7 36.4 69% -0.7

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Cancer CDC 2017 157.9 178.0 113% 24.3

Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung CDC 2017 38.8 39.9 103% 1.2

Colon, Rectum, and Anus CDC 2017 18.4 13.7 74% 1.4

Prostate (Male) CDC 2017 13.9 7.5 54% 2.2

Breast (Female) CDC 2017 16.2 10.9 67% 0.2

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Chronic Lower Respiratory

CDC 2017 30.2 46.4 154% -4.3

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Influenza and Pneumonia

CDC 2017 15.2 14.4 95% 0.3

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

CDC 2017 7.5 11.3 151% 4.6

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Diabetes CDC 2017 38.7 18.8 49% -1.2

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): HIV CDC 2017 8.2 0.9 11% 0.0



83.8%

CATEGORY WEIGHT

25%


+4.5

HEALTH






Unintentional Injuries CDC 2017 47.6 56.2 118% -10.2

Motor Vehicle-Related Injuries CDC 2017 12.0 12.3 103% 9.6

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Suicide CDC 2017 6.9 17.8 258% -24.8

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Suicide Males CDC 2017 11.4 28.2 247% -19.6

Death Rates (Per 100,000): Suicide Males Ages 15–24 CDC 2016 15.4 24.5 159%

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Suicide Females CDC 2017 2.8 7.9 282% -45.9

Death Rates (Per 100,000): Suicide Females Ages 15–24 CDC 2016 4.0 6.1 153%

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Homicide CDC 2017 22.7 2.9 13% 0.8

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Homicide Male CDC 2017 40.6 3.9 10% 0.6

Death Rates (Per 100,000): Homicide Males Ages 15–24 CDC 2016 86.8 4.4 5%

Age-Adjusted Death Rates (Per 100,000): Homicide Female CDC 2017 5.7 1.9 33% 3.3

Death Rates (Per 100,000): Homicide Females Ages 15–24 CDC 2016 9.9 1.8 18%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: >1 Male NCHS 2017 1,215.4 505.2 42%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 1–4 Male NCHS 2017 42.9 26.1 61%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 5–14 Male CDC 2016 22.4 14.5 65%










Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 55–59 Male NCHS 2017 1,365.8 919.5 67%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 60–64 Male NCHS 2017 2,051.5 1,305.4 64%





Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 85+ Male NCHS 2017 13,164.9 15,521.8 118%





Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 55–64 Male CDC 2016 1,667.8 1,100.6 66%



Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: >1 Female CDC 2016 1,001.3 409.5 41% -1.2

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 1–4 Female CDC 2016 37.3 18.6 50% -8.6

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 5–14 Female CDC 2016 16.6 10.9 66% 3.4






Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 10–14 Female NCHS 2017 17.0 12.2 72%










Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 60–64 Female NCHS 2017 1,200.3 791.3 66%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 65–69 Female NCHS 2017 1,657.9 1,154.9 70%




Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 85+ Female CDC 2017 11,646.4 13,682.1 117%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 15–24 Female CDC 2016 54.5 41.4 76%




Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 55–64 Female CDC 2016 1,011.3 670.2 66%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 65–74 Female CDC 2016 1,934.3 1,460.2 75%

Death Rates (Per 100,000) By Age Cohort: 75–84 Female CDC 2016 4,404.8 3,992.4 91%

PHYSICAL CONDITION (0.10)

Overweight: 18+ Years, % of Population CDC BRFSS 2016 33.7 35.5 105%

Overweight: Men 20+ Years, % of Population CDC 2011–2014 31.7 39.7 125%

Overweight: Women 20+ Years, % of Population CDC 2011–2014 25.5 28.2 111%

Overweight: 20+ Years, % of Population CDC 2016 28.2 34.6 123%

Obese, % of Population CDC BRFSS 2018 49.6 42.2 85% 10.4

Obese: Men 20+ Years, % of Population CDC 2018 41.1 44.7 109% 19.0

Obese: Women 20+ Years, % of Population CDC 2018 56.9 39.8 70% 7.5

Diabetes: Physician Diagnosed in Ages 20+, % of Population CDC 2018 32.6 20.0 61% 4.6

AIDS Cases Per 100,000 Males Ages 13+ CDC 2016 91.3 11.5 13%

AIDS Cases Per 100,000 Females Ages 13+ CDC 2016 32.2 1.6 5%

SUBSTANCE ABUSE (0.10)

Binge Alcohol (5 Drinks in 1 Day, 1x a Year) Ages 18+, % of Population

CDC 2017 8.6 24.3 283% 90.3

Use of Illicit Drugs in the Past Month Ages 12+, % of Population

CDC 2017 20.5 17.6 86% 4.3

Tobacco: Both Cigarette & Cigar Ages 12+, % of Population CDC 2017 16.0 21.7 136% 36.0






MENTAL HEALTH (0.02)

Students Who Consider Suicide: Male, % CDC 2017 6.6 13.0 197% 92.4

Students Who Carry Out Intent and Require Medical Attention: Male, %

CDC 2017 2.8 1.3 46% 23.9

Students That Act on Suicidal Feeling: Male, % CDC 2017 6.7 4.6 69% 17.3

Students Who Consider Suicide: Female, % CDC 2017 22.4 21.2 95% -27.3

Students Who Carry Out Intent and Require Medical Attention: Female, %

CDC 2017 4.0 2.3 58% -36.9

Students That Act on Suicidal Feeling: Female, % CDC 2017 12.5 7.3 58% -37.7

Age Adjusted Suicide Rate for Females NCHS 2017 2.8 7.9 282%

Age Adjusted Suicide Rate for Males NCHS 2017 11.4 28.2 247%

ACCESS TO CARE (0.075)

Private Insurance Payment for Health Care: Under 65 Years Old, % of Distribution

Census CPS 2018 55.4 74.8 74% -1.4

People Without Health Insurance, % of Population Census CPS 2018 9.7 5.4 56% -4.1

People 18 to 64 Without a Usual Source of Health Insurance, % of Adults

Census CPS 2016 10.2 7.0 68%

People 18 to 64 and in Poverty Without a Usual Source of Health Insurance, % of Adults

Census CPS 2016 12.7 13.6 106%

Population Under 65 Covered By Medicaid, % of Population Census CPS 2016 31.3 15.9 51%

ELDERLY HEALTH CARE (0.03)

Population Over 65 Covered By Medicaid, % of Population Census CPS 2016 13.5 4.3 32%

Medicare Expenditures Per Beneficiary, Dollars CDC 2013 19,961 17,367 87%

PREGNANCY ISSUES (0.04)

Prenatal Care Begins in 1st Trimester CDC 2016 66.6 82.3 81%

Prenatal Care Begins in 3rd Trimester CDC 2016 10.0 4.3 43%

Percent of Births to Mothers 18 and Under CDC 2015 1.6 0.6 38%

Percent of Live Births to Unmarried Mothers CDC 2015 70.5 29.2 41%

Infant Mortality Rates Among Mothers With Education 9–12th Grade, No Diploma

CDC 2015 13.4 8.9 67%

Infant Mortality Rates Among Mothers With HS Diploma or GED

CDC 2015 12.0 6.8 57%

Infant Mortality Rates Among Mothers with 12 or More Years of Education

CDC 2015 10.6 4.5 43%

Mothers Who Smoked Cigarettes During Last 3 Months of Pregnancy, %

CDC 2016 6.0 10.5 175% -17.2

Low Birth Weight, % of Live Births CDC 2018 14.1 6.9 49% -2.7

Very Low Birth Weight, % of Live Births CDC 2018 2.9 1.0 35% -2.9

REPRODUCTION ISSUES (0.01)

Abortions, Per 1,000 Live Births CDC 2014 345.0 112.0 32%

Women Using Contraception, % of Population CDC 2011–2015 56.5 65.5 86%






DELIVERY ISSUES (0.075)

All Infant Deaths: Neonatal and Post, Per 1,000 Live Births CDC 2017 11.5 4.6 40% -4.7

Neonatal Deaths, Per 1,000 Live Births CDC 2017 7.3 3.1 42% -1.3

Postneonatal Deaths, Per 1,000 Live Births CDC 2017 4.2 1.6 37% -11.2

Maternal Mortality, Per 100,000 Live Births CDC 2018 1.4 0.4 29% -11.6

CHILDREN'S HEALTH (0.10)

Babies Breastfed, % at 6 Months CDC 2016 48.6 61.5 79% 0.1

Children Without a Health Care Visit in Past 12 Months (up to 6 Years Old), %

CDC 2014–2015 6.2 4.6 74%

Children Without a Usual Place of Health Care, % NHIS 2018 6.5 3.7 57%

Vaccinations of Children Below Poverty: Combined Vacc. Combined 7-Vaccine Series % of Children 19–35 Months

CDC 2015 65.8 64.1 103%

Uninsured Children, % ACS CPS 2018 4.6 4.2 91% 15.7

Overweight Boys 6–11 Years Old, % of Population CDC 2011–2014 21.2 13.0 61%

Overweight Girls 6–11 Years Old, % of Population CDC 2011–2014 21.6 14.4 67%

Overweight Boys 2–19 Years Old, % of Population NCHS 2016 19.0 14.6 77%

Overweight Girls 2–19 Years Old, % of Population NCHS 2016 25.1 13.5 54%

AIDS Cases Per 100,000 All Children Over 13 CDC 2016 57.5 6.2 11%

AIDS Cases Per 100,000 All Children Under 13 CDC 2016 0.3 0.0 0.0% 0.0

Health Weighted Index 83.8% 4.5





QUALITY (0.45)

TEACHER QUALITY (0.10)

Middle Grades: Teacher Lacking at Least a College Minor in Subject Taught (High Vs. Low Minority Schools), %

ET 2002 49.0 40.0 82%

HS: Teacher Lacking An Undergraduate Major in Subject Taught (High Vs. Low Poverty Secondary Schools), %

ET 2007–2008 21.9 10.9 50%

Per Student Funding (High [30%] Vs. Low [0%] Poverty Districts), Dollars

SFF 2012 10,703 10,762 99%

Teachers With <3 Years Experience, % NCES 2015–2016 14.2 9.2 65% -26.1

Distribution of Underprepared Teachers (High Vs. Low Minority Schools), % (California Only)

SRI 2008–2009 5.0 1.0 20%

COURSE QUALITY (0.15)

College Completion, % of All Entrants NCES 2018 41.0 67.1 61% -3.8

College Completion, % of Entrants with Strong HS Curriculum (Algebra II Plus Other Courses)

ET 1999 75.0 86.0 87%

HS Students: Enrolled in Chemistry, % NCES 2009 65.3 71.5 91%

HS Students: Enrolled in Algebra II, % NCES 2013 52.0 80.0 65% -26.3

HS Students: Enrolled in: Precalculus, % NCES 2013 22.0 40.0 55% -4.8

HS Students: Enrolled in: Calculus, % NCES 2013 6.0 18.0 33% -1.6

HS Students: Enrolled in: Physics, % NCES 2009 26.9 37.6 72%

Students Taking: English Composition, % CB 2009 31.0 43.0 72%

ATTAINMENT (0.30)

Graduation Rates, 2-Year Institutions Where Students Started As Full Time, First Time Students, %

NCES 2019 25.3 33.5 76% 2.7

Graduation Rates, 4-Year Institutions Where Students Started As Full Time, First Time Students, %

NCES 2019 39.3 63.5 62% 12.9



77.3%

CATEGORY WEIGHT

25%


-0.1

EDUCATION






Overall Division I Graduation Success Rate Trends for Student-Athletes

NCAA 2019 83.0 97.0 86%

Degrees Earned: Associate, % of Population Aged 18–24 Yrs NCES 2018 2.9 3.3 88% -0.1

Degrees Earned: Bachelor’s, % of Population Aged 18–29 Yrs NCES 2018 2.5 4.1 61% -0.8

Degrees Earned: Master’s, % of Population Aged 18–34 Yrs NCES 2018 0.9 1.1 80% -1.3

Educational Attainment: at Least High School (25 Yrs and Over), % of Population

Census 2019 84.9 88.1 96% 3.5

Educational Attainment: at Least Bachelor’s (25 Yrs and Over), % of Population

Census 2019 26.1 36.3 72% 9.4

Degrees Conferred, % Distribution, By Field

Agriculture/Forestry NCES 2018 0.6 2.6 24% 1.0

Art/Architecture NCES 2018 0.2 0.4 59% 5.7

Business/Management NCES 2018 19.2 19.3 100% -19.4

Communications NCES 2018 5.5 4.8 115% 5.9

Computer and Information Sciences NCES 2018 3.5 3.5 99% -7.0

Education NCES 2018 3.1 5.2 61% -23.2

Engineering NCES 2018 3.3 7.1 46% 6.5

English/Literature NCES 2018 1.6 2.3 72% 9.4

Foreign Languages NCES 2018 0.4 0.8 51% 5.8

Health Sciences NCES 2018 14.3 13.3 107% 9.1

Liberal Arts/Humanities NCES 2018 3.6 2.2 163% 24.9

Mathematics/Statistics NCES 2018 0.5 1.1 49% 5.1

Natural Sciences NCES 2018 0.9 1.7 51% 13.1

Philosophy/Religion/Theology NCES 2018 0.7 1.2 64% -4.1

Psychology NCES 2018 7.4 5.3 139% 13.4

Social Sciences/History NCES 2018 7.6 7.5 101% 7.9

Other Fields NCES 2016 27.4 21.7 126% 9.0

SCORES (0.25)

PRESCHOOL 10% OF TOTAL SCORES (0.025)

Children’s School Readiness Skills (Ages 3–5), % With 3 or 4 Skills** Recognizes all letters, counts to 20 or higher, writes name,

reads or pretends to read

NCES 2005 44.1 46.8 94%

ELEMENTARY 40% OF TOTAL SCORES (0.10)

Average Scale Score in U.S. History, 8th Graders NCES 2018 245.9 272.0 90% -0.2

Average Scale Score in U.S. History, 4th Graders NCES 2010 198.0 224.0 88%

Average Scale Score in Math, 8th Graders NCES 2019 260.0 292.0 89% 0.0

Average Scale Score in Math, 4th Graders NCES 2019 224.0 249.0 90% -0.4

Average Scale Score in Reading, 8th Graders NCES 2019 244.0 272.0 90% -0.4

Average Scale Score in Reading, 4th Graders NCES 2019 204.0 230.0 89% -0.1

Average Scale Score in Science, 8th Graders NCES 2015 132.7 165.7 80% 1.0


Writing Proficiency at or Above Basic, 8th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2011 65.0 87.0 75%







NCES 2002 77.0 90.0 86%

Science Proficiency at or Above Proficient, 4th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2015 14.6 50.9 29% 6.3

Reading Proficiency at or Above Proficient, 8th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2019 15.0 42.0 36% 0.2

Reading Proficiency at or Above Proficient, 4th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2019 18.0 45.0 40% 0.7

Math Proficiency at or Above Proficient, 8th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2019 14.0 44.0 32% 2.5

Math Proficiency at or Above Proficient, 4th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2019 20.0 52.0 38% 1.8

Writing Proficiency at or Above Proficient, 8th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2011 11.0 34.0 32%

Writing Proficiency at or Above Proficient, 4th Graders, % of Students

NCES 2002 17.0 45.0 38%

HIGH SCHOOL 50% OF TOTAL SCORES (0.125)


NCES 2011 61.0 87.0 70%


Average Scale Score in U.S. History, 12th Graders NCES 2010 268.0 296.0 91%

Average Scale Score in Reading, 12th Graders NCES 2015 266.0 295.0 90% 0.1

High School GPAs for Those Taking the SAT CB 2009 3.0 3.4 88%

SAT Reasoning Test: Mean Scores CB 2019 476.0 562.0 85% 0.5

Mathematics, Joint CB 2019 457.0 553.0 83% -0.9

Mathematics, Male CB 2016 430.0 550.0 78%

Mathematics, Female CB 2016 422.0 518.0 81%

Critical Reading, Joint CB 2016 425.0 530.0 80%

Critical Reading, Male CB 2016 434.0 526.0 83%

Critical Reading, Female CB 2016 415.0 511.0 81%

Writing, Joint CB 2019 24.0 28.0 86% 4.5

Writing, Male CB 2016 424.0 517.0 82%

Writing, Female CB 2016 17.0 22.2 77%

ACT: Average Composite Score NCES 2019 16.8 22.1 76% -0.6

ENROLLMENT (0.10)

School Enrollment: Ages 3–34, % of Population Census 2018 68.3 66.9 102% -0.3

Preprimary School Enrollment Census 2018 52.9 56.9 93% 8.6

3 and 4 Years Old Census 2018 54.5 58.2 94% 2.1

5 and 6 Years Old Census 2018 93.4 93.9 99% -0.2

7 to 13 Years Old Census 2018 97.9 97.8 100% 0.3












30 to 34 Years Old Census 2018 29.3 26.4 111% -20.5

35 and Over Census 2018 2.6 1.2 215% -24.9

College Enrollment (Graduate or Undergraduate): Ages 14 and Over, % of Population

Census 2018 8.8 6.1 144% 16.7







35 Years Old and Over Census 2018 1.4 0.7 219% -19.4

College Enrollment Rate As a Percent of All 18–24 Year Old High School Completers, %

NCES 2018 62.1 70.0 89% 2.7

Adult Education Participation, % of Adult Population NCES 2004–2005 46.0 46.0 100%

STUDENT STATUS & RISK FACTORS (0.10)

High School Dropouts: Status Dropouts, % (Not Completed HS and Not Enrolled, Regardless of When Dropped Out)

NCES 2017 5.7 4.6 81% -3.2

Children in Poverty, % Census 2018 29.5 8.9 30% -4.9

Children in All Families Below Poverty Level, % Census 2018 29.3 8.6 29% -4.3

Children in Families Below Poverty Level (Female Householder, No Spouse Present), %

Census 2017 42.4 32.8 77%

Children With No Parent in the Labor Force, % AECF 2018 12.8 5.1 40% -11.3

Children (Under 18) With a Disability, % Census 2018 0.05 0.04 82% 0.3

Public School Students (K–12): Repeated Grade, % NCES 2016 2.7 1.7 63% 21.4

Public School Students (K–12): Suspended % NCES 2013–2014 13.7 3.4 25%

Public School Students (K–12): Expelled, % NCES 2013–2014 0.4 0.2 45% 15.7

Center-Based Child Care of Preschool Children, % NCES 2016 68.0 63.0 108% 18.2

Parental Care Only of Preschool Children, % NCES 2016 13.7 23.2 59% -24.1

Teacher Stability: Remained in Public School, High Vs. Low Minority Schools, %

NCES 2011–2012 80.5 87.6 92%

Teacher Stability: Remained in Private School, High Vs. Low Minority Schools, %

NCES 2009 77.0 78.9 98%

Zero Days Missed in School Year, % of 8th Graders NCES 2017 42.0 42.0 100%

3+ Days Late to School, % of 10th Graders NCES 2002 36.4 44.4 122%

Never Cut Classes, % of 10th Graders NCES 2002 68.9 70.3 98%

Home Literacy Activities (Age 3 to 5)

Read to Three or More Times a Week NCES 2016 79.0 88.0 90% 4.6

Told a Story at Least Once a Month NCES 2016 85.0 86.0 99% 5.9

Taught Words or Numbers Three or More Times a Week NCES 2016 98.0 96.0 102% 1.2

Visited a Library at Least Once in Last Month NCES 2016 42.0 44.0 95% 1.9

Education Weighted Index 77.3% -0.1





EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW (0.70)

Stopped While Driving BJS 2011 125.4 95.9 76%

Speeding BJS 2011 37.7 50.1 133%

Vehicle Defect BJS 2011 19.0 12.7 67%

Roadside Check for Drinking Drivers BJS 2011 14.0 9.0 64%

Record Check BJS 2011 0.4 1.6 400%

Seatbelt Violation BJS 2011 6.5 6.6 102%

Illegal Turn/Lane Change BJS 2011 7.0 6.6 94%

Stop Sign/Light Violation BJS 2011 5.5 6.1 111%

Other BJS 2011 5.3 4.7 89%

Mean Incarceration Sentence (In Average Months) BJS 2006 42.0 37.0 88%

Average Sentence for Incarceration (All Offenses): Male, Months

BJS 2006 45.0 40.0 89%

Average Sentence for Murder: Male, Months BJS 2006 266.0 265.0 100%

Average Sentence for Sexual Assault BJS 2006 125.0 115.0 92%

Average Sentence for Robbery BJS 2006 101.0 89.0 88%

Average Sentence for Aggravated Assault BJS 2006 48.0 42.0 88%

Average Sentence for Other Violent BJS 2006 41.0 43.0 105%

Average Sentence for Burglary BJS 2006 50.0 41.0 82%

Average Sentence for Larceny BJS 2006 23.0 24.0 104%

Average Sentence for Fraud BJS 2006 27.0 27.0 100%

Average Sentence for Drug Possession BJS 2006 25.0 21.0 84%

Average Sentence for Drug Trafficking BJS 2006 40.0 39.0 98%

Average Sentence for Weapon Offenses BJS 2006 34.0 34.0 100%

Average Sentence for Other Offenses BJS 2006 25.0 26.0 104%



57.5%

CATEGORY WEIGHT

10%


+1.5

SOCIAL JUSTICE






Average Sentence for Incarceration (All Offenses): Female, Months

BJS 2006 25.0 26.0 104%

Average Sentence for Murder BJS 2006 175.0 225.0 129%

Average Sentence for Sexual Assault BJS 2006 32.0 72.0 225%

Average Sentence for Robbery BJS 2006 54.0 61.0 113%

Average Sentence for Aggravated Assault BJS 2006 29.0 30.0 103%

Average Sentence for Other Violent BJS 2006 17.0 55.0 324%

Average Sentence for Burglary BJS 2006 34.0 29.0 85%

Average Sentence for Larceny BJS 2006 19.0 17.0 89%

Average Sentence for Fraud BJS 2006 23.0 22.0 96%

Average Sentence for Drug Possession BJS 2006 15.0 17.0 113%

Average Sentence for Drug Trafficking BJS 2006 27.0 26.0 96%

Average Sentence for Weapon Offenses BJS 2006 24.0 24.0 100%

Average Sentence for Other Offenses BJS 2006 20.0 22.0 110%

Convicted Felons Sentenced to Probation, All Offenses, % BJS 2006 25.0 29.0 86%

Probation Sentence for Murder, % BJS 2006 3.0 4.0 75%

Probation Sentence for Sexual Assault, % BJS 2006 16.0 16.0 100%

Probation Sentence for Robbery, % BJS 2006 12.0 15.0 80%

Probation Sentence for Burglary, % BJS 2006 20.0 25.0 80%

Probation Sentence for Fraud, % BJS 2006 35.0 35.0 100%

Probation Sentence for Drug Offenses, % BJS 2006 25.0 34.0 74%

Probation Sentence for Weapon Offenses, % BJS 2006 25.0 23.0 109%

Incarceration Rate, Prisoners Per 100,000 BJS 2018 1,134.0 218.0 19% 0.9

Prisoners Per 100,000 People: Male BJS 2016 2,272.0 392.0 17% 0.8

Prisoners Per 100,000 People: Female BJS 2016 88.0 49.0 56% 5.3

Prisoners as a % of Arrests FBI UCR 2016 21.5 7.5 35%

VICTIMIZATION & MENTAL ANGUISH (0.30)

Homicide, Rate Per 100,000 CDC 2017 22.7 2.9 13% 0.8

Homicide, Rate Per 100,000: Firearm FBI 2017 19.1 1.8 9% -2.3

Homicide, Rate Per 100,000: Stabbings FBI 2015 1.7 0.5 30%

Homicide, Rate Per 100,000: Personal Weapons FBI 2015 0.6 0.2 38%

Homicide, Rate Per 100,000: Male CDC 2017 40.6 3.9 10% 0.6

Homicide, Rate Per 100,000: Female CDC 2017 5.7 1.9 33% 3.3

Murder Victims, Rate Per 100,000 FBI UCR 2018 18.1 3.1 17% 0.1

Hate Crimes Victims, Rate Per 100,000 FBI UCR 2018 5.8 0.4 7% -1.4

Violent Crimes Victims, Rate Per 1,000 Persons Age 12 or Older BJS 2018 20.4 24.7 121% 36.0

Delinquency Cases, Year of Disposition, Rate Per 100,000 NCJJ 2018 2,519.8 669.2 27% -5.0

Prisoners Under Sentence of Death, Rate Per 100,000 BJS 2017 2.9 0.7 24% 0.0

High School Students Carrying Weapons on School Property CDC 2017 3.6 3.8 106% -3.3

High School Students Carrying Weapons Anywhere CDC 2017 10.8 18.1 168% 21.6






Firearm-Related Death Rates Per 100,000: Males, All Ages CDC 2017 39.5 19.2 49% 3.3

Ages 1–14 CDC 2016 1.8 1.0 56% 6.5

Ages 15–24 CDC 2016 80.2 20.7 26% 6.8

Ages 25–44 CDC 2016 70.7 21.4 30% 1.9

Ages 25–34 CDC 2016 82.8 21.5 26% 3.1

Ages 35–44 CDC 2016 55.2 21.3 39% -0.8

Ages 45–64 CDC 2016 27.5 22.3 81% -30.5

Age 65 and Older CDC 2016 8.1 29.7 367% 91.5

Firearm-Related Death Rates Per 100,000: Females, All Ages CDC 2016 4.9 3.4 69% -10.2

Ages 1–14 CDC 2016 0.5 0.3 60% 16.3

Ages 15–24 CDC 2016 9.5 3.3 35% 2.1

Ages 25–44 CDC 2016 8.4 4.5 54% -9.6

Ages 25–34 CDC 2016 10.0 4.3 43% -2.0

Ages 35–44 CDC 2016 6.4 4.7 73% -20.3

Ages 45–64 CDC 2016 3.6 4.8 133% -58.9

Age 65 and Older CDC 2016 0.7 2.9 414% 218.7

Social Justice Weighted Index 57.5% 1.5





DEMOCRATIC PROCESS (0.4)

Registered Voters, % of Citizen Population Census 2018 63.9 71.0 90% -3.9

Actually Voted, % of Citizen Population Census 2018 51.1 57.5 89% -2.1

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION (0.3)

Percent of Population Volunteering for Military Reserves, % Census 2018 0.6 0.6 100% 20.1

Volunteerism, % BLS 2015 19.3 26.4 73%

Civic and Political BLS 2015 3.4 5.0 68%

Educational or Youth Service BLS 2015 25.6 24.8 103%

Environmental or Animal Care BLS 2015 1.0 3.1 32%

Hospital or Other Health BLS 2015 5.9 6.7 88%

Public Safety BLS 2015 0.6 1.2 50%

Religious BLS 2015 41.2 32.6 126%

Social or Community Service BLS 2015 12.7 14.7 86%

Unpaid Volunteering of Young Adults NCES 2000 40.9 32.2 127%

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING (0.2)

Members of Unions, % of Employed BLS 2019 11.2 10.3 109% -10.1

Represented By Unions, % of Employed BLS 2019 12.7 11.5 110% -9.1

GOVERNMENTAL EMPLOYMENT (0.1)

Federal Executive Branch (Nonpostal) Employment, % of Adult Population

OPM 2017 0.9 0.6 150% 1.0

State and Local Government Employment, % of Adult Population

EEOC 2017 2.5 1.5 167% 2.9

Civic Engagement Weighted Index 100.0% 0.4



100.0%

CATEGORY WEIGHT

10%


+0.4

CIVIC ENGAGEMENT



Source Acronym

American Community Survey ACS

American College Testing ACT

The Annie E. Casey Foundation AECF

U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics BJS

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics BLS

College Board CB

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC

CDC—Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System CDC BRFSS

U.S. Census Bureau Census

Current Population Survey Census CPS

Survey of Business Owners and Self-Employed Persons Census SBO

Survey of Income and Program Participation—U.S. Census Bureau Census SIPP

Current Population Survey—Annual Social and Economic Supplement CPS ASEC

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC

The Education Trust ET

Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI

Uniform Crime Reporting Program FBI UCR

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act HMDA

National Archive of Criminal Justice Data NACJD

National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA

National Center for Education Statistics NCES

National Center for Health Statistics NCHS

National Center for Juvenile Justice NCJJ

National Health Interview Survey NHIS

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention OJJDP

U.S. Office of Personnel Management OPM

Survey of Consumer Finances SCF

School Funding Fairness SFF

SRI International SRI

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UNMASKED - Home | soba.iamempowered.com...Year Black White Index Diff. (’20–’18) MEDIAN INCOME (0.25) Median Household Income (Real), Dollars ACS 2018 41,361 70,642 59% -2.5