Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Civil Applications

7/31/2019 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Civil Applications

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UAVs for Civil Applications

Are we geared up?

Squadron Leader (Retd) V.S. Srinivasan

Head UAV Flight Operations


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UAS POTENTIAL

Unmanned aircraft promise new ways to

increase efficiency, save money, enhance safety

and even save lives.

FAA November 2010

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Scope

Definition & Classification of UAVs

Payloads

Civil applications Case studies

Unmanned Aerial Systems in India

Challenges for civil use UAS

Way forward

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Definitions

Unmanned Aircraft (UA)

An aircraft which is designed to operate with no

human pilot on board, as part of a UAS.

Moreover a UA is:

Capable of sustained flight by aerodynamic means

Remotely piloted or automatically flies a pre-programmed

flight profile

Reusable

Not classified as a guided weapon or similar one-shot

device designed for the delivery of munitions.

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UAS Components

Unmanned aircraft (UA)

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Payloads Other System Elements

Datalink , Launch and Recovery

Ground Control Stations (GCS)


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Classification of UAVs

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PerformanceSpecifications

Mission aspects


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Category Civil AUW MilitaryEquivalent

1 Small

UAV

< 20 Kg Nano, Micro

2 Light UAV 20 150 kg Mini, Tactical

3 UAV > 150 kg MALE, HALE


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3/2/2012 [email protected] 10


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Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (ISTAR)

Combat (Armed UAVs and UCAVs)

Multi-Purpose

Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL)

Radar and Communication Relay

Aerial Delivery and Resupply, Casevac/Medevac etc

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Why Classify?

PerformanceAspects

MissionAspects

Mostsuitableplatform

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OPERATES IN THE VISIBLESPECTRUM

ELECTRO-OPTIC

OPERATES IN THE INFRA RED

SPECTRUMINFRA-RED

IMAGING IN 3-10 BANDS

VIS RED, VIS GREEN, VISBLUE, NEAR IR ETC

MULTISPECTRAL

CONTINUOUS SPECTRALMEASUREMENT OF 100 BANDS

HYPERSPECTRAL


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SAR/ISAR Ground / Foliage penetration

Radar

SIGINT

COMINTElectronic

Ground mapping

Vegetation to terrain clearanceLidar

Nuclear radiation monitoring

EMP & Transient RadiationEffects on Electronics

Radiometric


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Persistent Presence in Area of Interest

Dull, Dirty and Dangerous Missions

Reliable, Accurate and Real Time Data

Remote / Dangerous Locations


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Mission Specific Payloads

Night Operable

Lower Operating Costs

Lower Consequence of Loss/Crash


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Counter insurgency

Internal security and anti terror

Roadways and freight corridors

Law and order

Floods

Earthquakes

Fire

Disastermanagement

Vital installations

Public events

Forests - anti-poaching

Coastal - smuggling & trafficking

Surveillance


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Case Study#1:

COUNTER TERRORISM OPERATIONS


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Features of CI Operations

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Reliable

Accurate

TimelyIntelligence

Forest Cover

Jungle Camps Night Move

Detection andClassification

Decision Making

Access Routes: Dangers of IED/Ambush

Tracking and Position Update

Deployment of

Own Forces

Capture/Surrender

Minimise Casualties

Least Collateral DamageArrest


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Advantages Of UAVs in CI Ops

Persistent Wide Area Surveillance Long Endurance

Mission specific high resolution sensors

Real-time data availability

Data record and retrieval

Force Protection Advanced Intelligence Support

Simultaneous Data Access To Several Recipients

Faster Decision Making

Reduced Sensor To Shooter Cycle : Alert And Re-task Forces

Reduced Casualties

Better Co-ordination


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Real TimeSituationalAwareness

UAVEndurance

Day andNight Vision

Sensors

FoliagePenetration

SensorsMotion

Detection

Sensors

Signal andData

Processing


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Minefield imaged at 2000ft AGL with a Single Polarisation SAR

Left : Buried Mines at about 30cm and invisible Right: Surface laid

Sensors:

Ultra Wide Band Synthetic Aperture Radar

Gimbal Stabilised Electro Optic Camera

Software

Advanced Signal Processors

Imagery


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Oil and gas pipelines

Power Transmission lines Railway lines

ASSET

MONITORING

Crop spraying

Crop managementAGRICULTURE

Digital elevation mapping

Volumetric measurements

Rail and highways corridor mapping

LAND MANAGEMENT

Forestry Water & Offshore platformsRESOURCEMANAGEMENT

Environmental mapping

Geological mappingREMOTE SENSING


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3/2/2012 [email protected] 28

Case Study #2: Aerial Survey

Transmission Powerlines


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Aerial Platforms: Options

ENDURANCE 5:00 HRS 3:00 HRS >10:00 HRS

DATA

AVAILABILITY

Post-mission Post-mission Real-time

FUEL 2000 LTS 600 LTS 140 LTS

PAYLOADS On-board AUW Dependent Mission Specific

PAYLOADOPERATORS

All on board Few on board As & when Reqd

MISSIONCHANGES

Post-mission Post-mission In flight


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Powerline Survey Requirements

Electrical Insulation

Isolators

Corona

Visual

Sag and Sway of Cable

Vegetation Structural Integrity

Theft


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Diagnostic tools

Corona Detection by UV Scanner IR for Hot spots

Isolators &Insulators

IR For Hot Spots

EO for fray, discontinuity

LiDAR for Sag and Sway

Cable

EO for Damage/Theft

IR for Night Surveillance

StructuralIntegrity

LiDAR for ground clearance of cables

EO /IR for visual surveillanceVegetation


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Hot-Spot Detection


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UV Corona Detection

Corona discharges from high-

voltage lines and equipment

indicative of possible faults

Detection of cracked

insulators

CORONA DISCHARGE (HIGH-

VOLTAGE SPOTS)


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LIDAR Images

Mi i Pl i

C

t


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Mission Planning Concept

Fusion of Images FromSensors

Autonomous Production of 3D

Geo Infrastructure Image

Fault / Change Detection In Time 3-D Model Surveillance Planning Maintenance activities

Emergency reaction

Transfer Data

& Results

UV Scanner IR Video Aerial Photo LIDAR


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Case Study: Findings

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All Terrain Application

Faster than traditional methods

Increased safety for personnel

Enables Condition Based Monitoring

Digitisation of Records

Less costly than conventional methods


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UAVs IN INDIA

SEARCHER -2000ISRD, ELINT

HERON- 2000ISRD, SAR

ELINT, COMINT LAKSHYA- 1999TARGET TOW

Nishant


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The Indian UAV Opportunity

Limited to Military Users

Indian UAVs

By DRDO

Imported

Private Companies

Offset Obligations for

Defence Contracts Licensed Manufacturers

Huge Potential

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Challenges

Aircrew

Airspace

Airworthiness

Awareness

Ai hi


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Airworthiness

Ability to operate without significant hazard

Safety of general public

Limited application of manned aircraft certification criteria

Total system certification approach

Catch 22 Situation

Regulators require a sample System to certify

Industry requires regulations to bring in such system

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Airspace

Equivalent level of safety to manned aircraft

Rules for non-segregated UAS Operations

Reliable and predictable behaviour

Transparent to ATC personnel & other users

Standards for emergency response

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Aircrew

Validated criteria for UAS Pilot training

UAS pilots to be well versed in Rules of the Air

Incorporate elements unique to UAS operations

Tailored training criteria

Emulate training philosophy of Armed Forces

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Enhance UAV Production In India

Public and Private Sector Co-operation

Civil and Commercial Applications

Regulations for Flight Operations

Creation of Joint Working Group in India


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Documents

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Civil Applications