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Unix/Linux – Windows Internetworking

By Deanna La FaveRaymond KwanDennis J. Wong

CIS 454 Local Area NetworkCIS 454 Local Area Network

Professor M. GanesanProfessor M. Ganesan

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Presentation Outline

• Ice Breaker• Unix Overview• Linux’s Strength• Major Distributions of Linux• Samba• Practical Customization of Samba on a

Linux Server• Setting Up SWAT to Remotely Configure

Samba on a Windows Client

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What’s Behind The Movie “Titanic”?

• Computing Power!– 350 SGI systems running IRIX6 (Already

over budget!) – 200 Alpha system, 105 Running

RedHat Linux 4.1 (Saved a lot!); 55 on NT 4; Reminding used Digital Unix 4.

– 5TB (About 5,000GB) Hard Disk Capacity

– 100Mbps Ethernet• NFS Connects IRIX and Linux• Samba Connects NT and Linux

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What Did Linux Contribute

to the Movie “Titanic”?

• Simulation and Rendering Processing

• 3.5 times faster than SGI systems• Running 24 hours a day, never

stopped for 3 months to finish the special effects in the film.

• Linux’s commercial potential catches attention!

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UNIX

• First developed in 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs.

• 1977 SCO Unix• 1983 Sun OS• 1986 IBM AIX• 1991 Linux

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Linux Overview

• A free Unix-type OS • Created by Linus Torvalds at

University of Helsiniki in Finland– 1991 development began– 1994 Linux Kernel 1.0 released– 1999 Version 2.2 (current version)

• Currently estimated 12 million users.Source: http://counter.li.org/

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Linux’s Strengths

• Multi-platform– Intel– Sparc– Alpha– Mac/Power PC

• Multi-user• Multi-tasking• Built on Open Standards• Reliable

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Linux’s Strengths (cont.)• Lowers cost of both desktop and server

compared to traditional Unix and Microsoft OS.– Low resource requirements

• Intel 386 compatible or better• 2MB Ram • 10MB hard disk space

– No licensing headache

• Compare for yourself – http://www.linuxrx

.com/WS_Linux/OS_comparison.html

Source: http://howto.tucows.com/LDP/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html

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Server Market Share

1998 1999

Linux 16% 25%

MS Windows NT 38% 38%

Novell NetWare 23% 19%

Unix (all versions)

19% 15%

Other 4% 3%

Source: Morris, John. “Linux at Large.” PC Magazine, April 2000: 75.

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Distributions of Linux

• There are various distributors of Linux. • A few major Distributors are:

– Caldera Linux www.calderasystems.com– Corel Linux www.linux.corel.com– Mandrake Linux www.linux-mandrake.com– RedHat Linux www.redhat.com– SuSE Linux www.suse.com– TurboLinux www.turbolinux.com

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Caldera Linux

• Caldera OpenLinux is a multi-tasking, multi- user operating system that gives you the

• power and reliability of UNIX.• OpenLinux is Caldera's "distribution" • OpenLinux is ideal for small, medium,

and large companies needs to optimize how much they want to spent on existing systems, hardware, & training

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Corel Linux

• Good Features of Corel:– Easy installation of software– Allows dual boot system– Friendly drag and drop design– Easily used to share Windows files

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Mandrake Linux

• An enhanced version of RedHat Linux

• It has a powerful Graphical Desktop

• Comes with Apache Web Server, Netscape Communicator, and various other software

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RedHat Linux

• Made for ease of use and installation.

• Configures TCP/IP for you.• The new packaging system is made

to allow upgrading to new Red Hat releases without reinstalling your system.

• No partitioning or backing up all your files needed for upgrading.

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SuSE Linux

• Made for users of all Levels, novice - expert

• Allows users to configure the system for fine tuning their system

• Supports the newest high end Graphic Card

• German version available

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TurboLinux

• Very popular in Asia• Geared towards corporate needs as

well as the home desktop. • Available in English, Japanese, and

Chinese • Contains powerful desktop

applications such as StarOffice and Netscape.

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• Created in 1991 by Andrew Tridgell of Australian National University by reverse engineering the SMB protocol.

• Is an open source software suite available for use to anyone under the GNU General Public License.

• Facilitates UNIX file system and printer sharing with Windows and LAN Manager clients

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• 1991-1992 Versions .5 and 1.0 are released.• 1992 Dan Shearer contacts Tridgell about a

Linux Port.• 1993 NetBios for Unix is announced.• 1994 smbserver 1.6 is released and soon

renamed SAMBA.• 1997 Samba for Windows NT domain

started.• 1999 Samba 2.0 is released.

– Tridgell finishes his Phd Thesis and gets a job with Linuxcare.

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• Samba enables interoperability between Linux/Unix and Windows.

• Samba runs on:– Linux– Solaris– IRIX

• The main o/s for Silicon Graphics workstations and servers. It incorporates Unix System V functionality.

– HPUX– Almost all other versions of Unix

• Accessing files from Linux/Unix looks exactly like you are accessing an NT server.

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Samba and Windows

• Windows NT OS uses a layered architecture with partitioned user and kernel modes similar to those of UNIX.

• NETBIOS – over – TCP/IP (NetBT) is used by Samba to share UNIX resources with Windows clients

• SMB AND CIFS are NetBT based protocols. Samba is an implementation of CIFS version 1.0

• Windows 2000 uses Kerberos 5.0 for network authentication.

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• Who uses Samba?– Cisco– Bank of America– Hewlett Packard– Johnson and Johnson– British Petroleum– Solomon Smith Barney (Citibank’s

Investment Brokerage Division)

Source: http://www.valinux.com/software/samba.html

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SMB PROTOCOL• Created in 1987 as a joint venture

between Microsoft and Intel• Four types of operations:

– 1) Session commands: used to set up a virtual circuit and validate access.

– 2) File commands: permits an application to operate on files.

– 3) Printer commands: permits an application to spool jobs to remote printers.

– 4) Message commands: provide a means for passing alert, control, and informational messages between the consumer and server applications

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CIFSCommon Internet File

System

• In 1997 Microsoft submitted CIFS specification to IETF.

• Is an enhanced version of SMB protocol.

• Way to share resources between multiple operating system platforms across the Internet.

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Kerberos Ticket Exchange

Source: Samba Unix & NT Internetworking

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Presetting before Customization of Samba on a

Linux File Server

• Samba installed as one of the packages when installing Linux

• Setup network on Linux• Setup a local printer for sharing• Log into X Windows as root using

KDE (Recommended)

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Practical Customization of Samba on a Linux File

Server

• Focus on modifying system file /etc/smb.conf

• Setup proper guest accounts on server

• Setup Windows clients (Win 95, Win98, Win NT, etc.)

Our configurations are base on Mandrake Linux 6.0. Configurations for other distributions may vary.

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Modifying smb.conf

• Open system file /etc/smb.conf• Add/change or uncomment the

following on Global Settings– workgroup = my_workgroup_name– guest account = pcguest– security = user

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Modifying smb.conf (Cont.)

• Add or uncomment these items on Share Difinitions:– [homes]

• comment = Home Directories• browseable = yes• writable = yes

– [tmp]• comment = Temporary file space• path = /tmp• read only = no• public = yes

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Reloading Samba

• Save changes to smb.conf• No need to reboot the computer• Reloading Samba using Unix

command– samba stop– samba start

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Setting Up PC Clients on Linux Sever

• Open User Manager – System User Manger (at KDE)

• Add PC User(s)– Add names (first character must be upper

case to make it work, Linux is case sensitive)– Setup password– Primary Group: Guest

• Add New User(s) to Guest Group– Open Guest Group Properties– Add new user(s) to the guest group

• Save All Changes

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Accessing Linux File Server from a PC Client

• Login on a PC Client using a guest ID and password preset at Linux server

• Open Network Neighborhood• The Linux server should show up as

it were in a NT network• Shared Resources Shown

– Printer(s)– Public folder – [tmp]– Private folders [homes] [client-name]

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Setting Up SWAT at Linux File Server

• SWAT – Samba Web Administration Tool

• Open /etc/inetd.conf• Add or uncomment this line:

– Swat stream tcp nowait.400 root /usr/local/samba/sbin/swat swat

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Configure Samba Using SWAT at a PC Client

• Logon to a PC Client • Open a web browser• Enter URL: http://localhost:901

(replace “localhost” with actual host name)

• Login as root on the popup Window• Make any changes or check status

of Samba using SWAT’s graphical interface

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Resouces• Derosest, James W. “Samba - Unix & NT Internetworking”.

McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.• Carter, Gernald & Sharpe, Richard. “Teach Yourself Samba in

24 Hours.” Sams, 1999.• Hertel, Christopher and Leighton, Luke. “The Story of Samba: Linux's

Stealth Weapon.” <http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-09/samba_01.html>• http://www.linux.org/ • http://www.samba.org • http://linuxtoday.com/ • http://www.andover.net/ • http://www.linux-2000.org • http://www.nwc.com/1104/1104f3.html • http://faq.oreillynet.com/linux/FAQ_7_40.shtm• http://www.linux.org/info/advocacy.html• http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Haven/6087/• ttp://www.linuxlinks.com/local/why.shtml

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The End

Thank You for Your Time!