University of South AsiaMd. Shihab UddinID No: 11031004

Subject code: Eng435Presentation topic: Introduction

of Computer

Introduction Computer is machines that

perform tasks or calculations according to a set of instructions, or programs. The first fully electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s were huge machines that required teams of people to operate. Compared to those early machines, today's computers are amazing. Not only are they thousands of times faster, they can fit on our desk, in our lap, or even in our pocket.

Character of Computer

Speedy: Computer can work very high speed.

Accuracy : Computer work very accuracy.

Ability of Preservation: Restless: Automatic: Ability of different work:

Use of ComputerUse of Computer

Typing and we can print it .Typing and we can print it . We can do difficult calculation We can do difficult calculation

very easily by Computer.very easily by Computer. We can draw picture and design We can draw picture and design

easily by Computer and we can easily by Computer and we can use there many colure.use there many colure.

Watching TV and Cinema.Watching TV and Cinema. Using internet we can get Using internet we can get

different type of data.different type of data.

Computer can do different type of work:

We can send email and Mutual giving and receiving data.

Now computer are using Office and Bank.

We can play funny game by computer.

We can study by use it. Listening music. Saving name, address, telephone

number etc.

Use of ComputerComputer can different type of work:

Usage and nature basis Usage and nature basis computers types and computers types and

classificationclassification According to work and According to work and

nature computer are nature computer are three types. Like as:three types. Like as:

1. Analog Computer.1. Analog Computer. 2. Digital Computer.2. Digital Computer. 3. Hybrid Computer.3. Hybrid Computer.

Analog Computer.

In general, analog computer are extraordinarily fast, since they can solve most complex equations at the rate at which a signal traverses the circuit, which is generally an appreciable fraction of the speed of light

Digital Computer

Digital Computer can be built to take the solution of equations to almost unlimited precision, but quite slowly compared to analog computers.

Hybrid ComputerHybrid ComputerHybrid computersHybrid computers are  are computers that exhibit computers that exhibit features of features of analog computers and anddigital  computers. The . The digital component digital component normally serves as the normally serves as the controller and provides controller and provides logical operations, while , while the analog component the analog component normally serves as a normally serves as a solver of solver of differential equations..

Again, size and basis of power computer are four types

They are:- 1. Super Computer. 2. Main Frame

Computer. 3. Mini Computer. 4. Micro Computer or

Personal Computer.

Super ComputerThe most powerful

computers madeHandle large and

complex calculationsProcess trillions of

operations per secondFound in research

organizations CRAY-1,CYBER-205

Main Frame Computer-Used in large

organizations

-Handle thousands of users

-Users access through a terminal

Mini ComputerMini Computer• The term evolved in the 1960s to

describe the "small" third generation computers that became possible with the use of integrated circuit and core memory technologies. Ex: UNIVAC 1100/01, IBM4341

• History• 1960s: Origin; 1970s: Market

entrenchment• Mid-1980s, 1990s: The minis

give way to the micros• The minicomputer's industrial

impact and heritage

Micro Computer or Personal Computer

A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers. Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen for input and output) are also personal computers (in the generic sense).. ...

Beyond description of Micro Computer

Micro Computer is high usage computer. One person use one computer for this its called personal computer or PC. Every sector people receive it very speedy. Its price is very less compare by other computer. Business, entertainment overall every sector it is used. IBM PC, APPLE, Macintosh etc are example of Micro computer.

Classification of Micro Computer According to use of

Micro Computer it is divided three part:

1. Desk Top Computer. 2. Lap Top Computer. 3. Note Book Computer.

Desk Top Computer Which Computer

we can use put on the Desk or Table That’s computer called Desk Top Computer.

Lap Top Computer Which Computer

we can use put on the Lap that’s computer called Lap Top Computer.

Note Book Computer That’s computer size

like as Small Note Book Which we can use put on the palm and we can put it in our pocket.

Classification different part of Computer

1. Input Device 2. Central

Processing Unit 3.Memory. 4. Output Device

Input Device

Within input device there have-

1. Key board 2. Mouse 3. Scanner 4. Webcam

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Key board The most commonly

used input device is the keyboard on which data is entered by manually keying in or typing certain keys. A keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys.

Mouse Is a pointing device which is

used to control the movement of a mouse pointer on the screen to make selections from the screen. A mouse has one to five buttons.

There are two types of mouse- 1. Optical mouse 2. Mechanical Mouse

Scanner In published word it is

very important. By it camera’s photos, line, write etc we can see Exact picture with computer and we can also edit them.

Output Device Output devices are-

1. Monitor

2. Printer

3. Speaker

Monitor Monitor are two

types. They are: 1. CRT(Cathode

Ray Tube) Monitor 2. Liquid Crystal

Display (LCD) Monitors

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor

Most common type of monitor

A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube

Electrons fired from the back

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors

Commonly found on laptops

Desktop versions existSolve the problems of

CRTFluorescent lights

provide illuminationProduce sharp, flicker-

free imagesHave a small footprint

Printer Printer are three

types. They are- 1. Dot matrix

printers 2. INK jet printers 3. Laser printers

Dot matrix printers

Dot matrix printers work like a typewriter transferring ink from a ribbon to paper with a series or 'matrix' of tiny pins.

INK jet printers Ink jet printers

work like dot matrix printers but fires a stream of ink from a cartridge directly onto the paper.

Laser printers

Laser printers use the same technology as a photocopier using heat to transfer toner into paper.

Central Processing Unit

Inside parts of CPU They are- 1. Mother board 2. Various types of card 3. Hard Disk 4. Floppy Disk 5. C.D. Drive 6. Connector 7. Power Supplier

Name of parts which connected with Motherboard

1. Processor 2. Math Co-Processor 3. RAM 4. ROM 5. Rechargeable

Battery 6. Expansive Slot 7. Key-Board

Connector

Memory of Computer

1. Main MEMORY

2. Auxiliary memory

Main MEMORY

Main memory are two types. They are: 1. RAM (Random Access

Memory) 2. ROM( Read Only Memory)

Random Access Memory(RAM) Random Access

Memory or RAM is the memory that the computer uses to temporarily store the information as it is being processed. The more information being processed the more RAM the computer needs.

Read Only Memory (ROM )

1. Permanent memory of computer is called Rom.

2. Permanent storage of programs

3. Holds the computer boot directions

Auxiliary Memory Computer’s Processing

data which memory contains permanently that’s memory called Auxiliary Memory. Auxiliary Memory are:

1. Floppy Disk, 2. Hard Disk, 3. Compact Disk, 4. Pen Drive etc.

Floppy Disk The floppy diskette is a

removable storage device that is used by the Floppy Diskette Drive (also known as the A: drive or FDD).   This storage device is capable of holding 1,440,000 bytes (1.44MB) of data. The Floppy Diskette is inserted and removed from a slotted opening on the front of the computer case.

Hard Disk This is the internal

magnetic storage device housed inside the computer case.  These come in a variety of sizes, measured in how many bits of information they can contain.  A bit of information equals either zero (0) or one (1).

Compact Disk (CD) Computer’s data for

preserve without “Hard Disk and Floppy Disk” also use Compact Disk (CD). Its capacity very large than Floppy Disk.

Pen Drive A USB flash drive

consists of a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) 1.1 or 2.0 interface. Recently Pen drive is most used for data preserve.

Network and communication

A network is nothing more than two or more computers connected together

so that they can exchange information.

Types of Network Local Area

Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area

Network (MAN) Wide Area

Network (WAN)

Local Area Network (LAN) When computers

located within a small geographical area such as office or a University Campus are connected together we call it a Local Area Network.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

The geographical range of MAN is bigger than LAN. It covers a small city. 

Wide Area Network (WAN) Wide area network span

broad geographical distances, ranging from several miles to across entire continents. Wan may consist of a combination of switched and dedicated Lines, microwaves, and satellite communication.

Network Topology

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Bus topology Also called linear bus One wire connects all

nodes Terminator ends the

wires Advantages

Easy to setup Small amount of wire

Disadvantages Slow Easy to crash

Star topology All nodes connect to a hub

Packets sent to hub Hub sends packet to

destination Advantages

Easy to setup One cable can not crash

network Disadvantages

One hub crashing downs entire network

Uses lots of cable Most common topology

Ring Topology

In a ring topology all computers are connected by a closed loop in a manner that passes data in one direction from one computer to another. The main disadvantage of a ring is larger communication delays if the number of nodes increases.

Mesh topology All computers

connected together Internet is a mesh

network Advantage

Data will always be delivered

DisadvantagesLots of cableHard to setup

Thanks