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UniversitiesFederation forAnimal WelfareScience in the service of animal welfare March 2016
CHAIRMAN’S COMMENT
Welcome to the new-lookSpring Newsletter, whichhas been refreshed to
provide more space for UFAW newsand updates.
This issue highlights the progressmade on the genetic welfareproblems section of the website,which describes genetic conditionsaffecting companion animals andwhy they cause pain and discomfort.You can find out more about geneticconditions here, including a casestudy, as well as on our website.
The University LINK Scheme,UFAW’s outreach programme, hascontinued to gradually expand withnew LINKS coming on board acrossEurope. The scheme is so importantin encouraging interest andengagement with animal welfarescience as well as promoting thework of UFAW and its sister charitythe Humane Slaughter Association.See page 5 for a selection of updatesfrom our LINKS.
All of the work highlighted in thisnewsletter wouldn’t be possiblewithout your ongoing support andcommitment to animal welfare, forwhich we are extremely grateful.From its foundation in 1926, UFAWhas always valued its supporters anddonors and operated with thehighest integrity and transparency.On page 8, you can read in moredetail about our commitment andfundraising promise to you.
The UFAW genetics website waslaunched in 2011. Over the last yearthe charity, with the assistance of the
UFAW/RVC Health and Welfare ResearchAssistant Dr Emma Buckland, has been busyexpanding this resource to provideinformation on more conditions affectingdogs, cats and other companion animals.Since Dr Buckland started her work, over 28new conditions have been added to thedatabase, and more are planned.
Many genetic diseases occur in companionanimals and, in recent years, concern has
been growing about the prevalence ofgenetics-related health and welfareconditions. The problem of health issuesrelated to unsuitable breeding was listed asthe top welfare concern of vets and vetnurses in the PDSA’s Animal WellbeingReport in 2011.
UFAW started this project to describe thegenetic conditions affecting companionanimals and to explain why they cause painor discomfort and how these impact on ananimal’s quality of life. By providing thisinformation, UFAW hopes to help reducethe severity and incidence of breed-relatedwelfare problems in companion animals.
The website is aimed at providing potentialpurchasers with information on inheritedwelfare problems that may occur and whatchecks may need to be made with breedersor suppliers in order to avoid buyingaffected or carrier animals and, in so doing,unintentionally perpetuate the problem.
If you would like to support our work, yourdonation however small, will help us tocontinue to develop initiatives which willmake a difference to millions of animals –thank you. 8
The UFAW genetic welfare problems site has beenproduced with kind support in memory of RosaCliff Ward and her niece Barbarie PenelopeDavies, long-time supporters of UFAW
Genetic welfare problemswebsite expanded
For further information on the study, and other genetic conditions affecting the welfare of many dog breeds, visit: www.ufaw.org.uk/genetics
Case study: Althoughshort muzzles are anincreasingly popular faceshape in pet dogs,flattened faces werefound to greatly increasethe risk of developing adebilitating, lifelong respiratory condition,leaving dogs chronically short of breath.Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome(BOAS) is caused by shortening of the bones ofthe canine muzzle, without an equivalentreduction in the soft tissues held within them,causing the tissue to become ‘crammed’ withinthe skull. This tissue can block the airway, and isoften accompanied by narrowed nostrils,making it difficult for air to pass through thedog’s nose. These blockages can mean thatdogs struggle to breathe, leaving them unableto exercise, play or eat normally, and in somecases they overheat and collapse. BOAS caneven cause early death.
Valuable resource for prospective owners and breeders now includes 52 breeds of dog as well as cats, rabbits, horses, guinea pigs, birds and fish
Credit: Rowena Packer
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Garden Wildlife Health (GWH) is a collaborativeproject investigating the health of species rangingfrom garden birds and amphibians to reptiles and
hedgehogs between the Zoological Society ofLondon, the British Trustfor Ornithology, Froglifeand the Royal Societyfor the Protectionof Birds.
UFAW is supportingthis project byproviding a grant overthree years to enablethe GWH to developwebsite tools to bettercollect and analyse vitaldata on the health ofwildlife populations fromsightings provided by thepublic of sick or deadwildlife. By capturing thisdata, the GWH team can assessthe impact a disease is having ona population and aid conservation plans to safeguard Britishwildlife. Diseases of free-living wildlife can adversely impacttheir welfare and also be of conservation concern, with someconditions having been associated with global populationdeclines and local species extinctions in recent decades. In
addition, some diseases of wildlife have the potential to cause ill health in humans, livestock and companion animals.Therefore, monitoring trends in wildlife diseases is essential
to detect new threats and assess their impact onanimal welfare and biodiversity as well as
on public and domestic animalhealth.
Findings from thedata are used to
inform governmentand NGO policies on
conservationmanagement and the
relevant agencies arenotified when a possible
domestic animal or humanhealth threat from wildlife is
identified.
Thanks to the participation ofhundreds of volunteers, GWH
has discovered several importantthreats facing wildlife and
provided practical guidance on how to help prevent them. 8
For more information, including factsheets and links to an interactive map, visitwww.gardenwildlifehealth.org.
UFAW enables website development for the Garden Wildlife Health project
Developing standardsfor laboratory animalcare in China For some years, UFAW has been jointlyorganising seminars with the Home Office,Chinese Association of Laboratory AnimalScience, and the Association for Assessmentand Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Science(now known as AAALAC International) to assistin the development of Chinese regulation in thisarea. The latest of these led to an invitation toUFAW’s Chief Executive Dr Robert Hubrecht tospeak at the 7th International Forum onLaboratory Animal Science & Technology inBeijing, China. His presentation addressed theoften-perceived conflict between the needs toprovide standardisation and high quality animalenvironments that meets the animals’ needs. DrHubrecht also lectured on animal welfare to thestudents of the Beijing Chinese AgriculturalUniversity. 8
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IN BRIEF
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LASA/UFAW meeting on the welfare of animals bredand kept for research
UFAW held a joint meeting with LASA (Laboratory AnimalScience Association) in
September to provide professionaldevelopment for laboratory animalprofessionals on the care of animalsbred for research.
Speakers covered aspects of welfareassessment of rodents, rabbits, dogs,primates and farm animals, andprovided practical examples of goodcare and husbandry, particularly duringearly development. This period isparticularly important as a good startin life helps animals to cope with later stressors such as transport or new social groups. The meetingconcluded with a presentation on one pharmaceutical company’sexperiences of rehoming dogs, rabbitsand rodents in the USA. 8
RSPCA/UFAW rodent andrabbit welfare meeting
The 22nd annual joint RSPCA/UFAWmeeting on rodent and rabbit welfarewas held in October and provided an
opportunity for welfare scientists and animaltechnologists to present recent advances inrodent and rabbit welfare research to anaudience of other researchers and thoseresponsible for the care and welfare of theseanimals in labs and elsewhere.
Over 80 participants heard talks on a number of topics including refinements to the waylaboratory rabbits are bred, an examination ofthe housing conditions preferred by lab rabbits,and an introduction to a project (which hasbeen partly funded by UFAW) that will look atthe influence of smells such as cleaningproducts and surgical gloves on mice.
The day also included talks of particular practical relevance to those working with labmice including an introduction to the ShARM project (https://www.sharmuk.org/)which aims to share material from aging mice colonies to reduce the number ofmice bred to model the diseases of old-age. The day ended with an update from theHome Office (who regulate animal experimentation in the UK) on the latestchanges to the regulatory system and the various advice and guidance which theyprovide on the use of rodents in research. 8
Notification forelection toCouncil at the2016 AGM In accordance with Article 46 of theConstitution, members’ nominationsfor election to Council at the 2016AGM must reach the UFAW officebetween 7th August and 4thSeptember 2016. Furtherinformation is available from theUFAW Secretary.
2016 AnnualGeneral Meeting This year’s AGM will be held in theafternoon of Wednesday 19thOctober 2016 at the UFAW office(The Old School, Brewhouse Hill,Wheathampstead, Herts). Full detailsof the time and business of themeeting will be sent to members indue course.
Council changesat the 2015Annual GeneralMeetingProfessor Neville Gregory andBarbara Cooper retired from Council.We extend our gratitude to them fortheir time and service to UFAW. Wewelcome Charlotte Reid,communications consultant andAndrew Wilson, veterinary surgeon.Dr John Bradshaw was re-elected to Council.
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17th Annual Animal Welfare StudentScholarship meeting, Writtle College
Each year, students awarded a UFAW Animal WelfareStudent Scholarship are invited to present the findings oftheir studies at an annual meeting. In late December, 14
of these students, from universities and colleges across the UKas well as in Austria, Portugal and the USA, travelled to WrittleCollege in Essex to present their research and share theirprojects at UFAW’s 17th Animal Welfare Student ScholarsMeeting.
The topics covered were wide-ranging: from hock lesions in dairycattle and the sexing of chickens before they hatch, to usingthermal imaging as a welfare tool in identifying arthriticconditions in primates and the nocturnal behaviour of orphanyoung Asian elephants in a Sri Lankan rehabilitation centre. 8
Former UFAW ScholarshipAward winner becomesBritish VeterinaryAssociation (BVA)President
UFAW extends its congratulations to Sean WensleyBVSc MSc Grad DMS MRCVS on his appointmentin September as President of the BVA.
Sean, who is now the Senior Veterinary Surgeon forCommunication and Education at veterinary charity thePeople’s Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA), was awarded astudent scholarship by UFAW in 2000 to undertake aresearch project on the behaviour and welfare of caged petzebra finches. Sean’s research drew attention to deficienciesin zebra finch husbandry and he made recommendations onhow their care could be improved. Having had his interest inanimal welfare science sparked, Sean went on to study for aMasters degree in Applied Animal Behaviour and AnimalWelfare at Edinburgh Veterinary School. 8
UFAW’s 3R’s LiaisonGroup Research ScholarRachel Tanner from
Oxford University finished herproject at the end of last year.Her research – “Development ofmycobacterial growth inhibitionassays for early evaluation andgating of novel TB vaccinecandidates” has been timely.
Tuberculosis (TB) poses a seriousglobal health threat, with an estimated 9 million new cases and1.5 million deaths annually. The current vaccine, BCG, isinadequate but development of an effective alternative isseverely hampered by a measure of protection. Candidatevaccines are currently tested using preclinical animal models such as mice and non-human primates. Large numbers ofanimals are required and must be infected with M.tb: aprocedure classified as ‘Moderate’ in severity by the HomeOffice. Experiments are long and it is unclear whether outcomesare predictive of efficacy or even safety in humans.
Work in Rachel’s project centred on the optimisation andevaluation of a functional in vitro Mycobacterial GrowthInhibition Assay, the MGIT, which takes into account a range ofimmune mechanisms and their interactions. Such an assayrepresents a potential alternative to animal models for earlytesting of vaccine candidates. Applying the MGIT, a BCG-induced reduction in mycobacterial growth was detected inhumans, NHPs and mice.
With further development, the MGIT assay represents a potentialcorrelate of protection that may reduce the number of animalsused and accelerate the development of an effective vaccine. 8
Welcome The work of the charity depends on members’ support,which in turn requires effective fundraising andcommunications. Tracey Woods joined the charity inAugust to further develop this aspect of the charity’sactivities, taking over from Brian Pemberton who hadbeen with the charity for 10 years. Tracey has extensiveexperience in this area, having previously worked with theCity of London Police, the Imperial War Museum and anumber of animal welfare charities. 8
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GRANTS AND AWARDS
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One of the educational initiatives by which UFAW seeksto encourage interest and engagement with animalwelfare science is the UFAW LINK scheme. This
outreach programme has been running since 2003 andconsists of a network of academics at universities andresearch institutions in the UK and elsewhere that haveagreed to help UFAW with promoting the ethos of a scientificapproach to improving the welfare of animals and todisseminate relevant information on the charity’s activities,and that of our sister charity the Humane SlaughterAssociation.
UFAW has continued to gradually expand the scheme and new LINKs have recently been established with the UtrechtUniversity, The Netherlands, the University of Helsinki, Finland,the University of Milan, Italy, the Free University Berlin,Germany and Roehampton University, UK. A full list of LINKinstitutions and reports on their activities can be found on theUFAW website, but some examples of recently funded activitiesare detailed here.
Staff and postgraduate students from four behaviour andwelfare groups attended a 3 day event in September organisedby Natalie Chancellor for the Royal Veterinary College and
supported by the UFAW LINK Scheme. Participants from theUniversities of Bristol, Lincoln and SRUC Edinburgh heard anddiscussed excellent presentations covering a wide breadth oftopics, species and stages of life; for example pecking devices toimprove welfare of pullets, aggression and abnormal behaviourin dogs, through to head-only stunning of poultry. The eventprovided students with an encouraging platform to presenttheir research and to forge contacts with their peers. 8
University of Reading (LINK: Dr Rachael Neal)
In September, with support from the UFAW LINK scheme, theUniversity of Reading’s new intake of BSc Animal Science studentsreceived a great introduction to animal welfare science in the context
of zoo animal management from Marwell zoologist Danielle Free.
Her talk covered anintroduction to thehistory of zoos, theconcept of welfare andhow it can be measuredvia behavioural andphysiological tests andobservations. Theimportance of welfare inrelation to the law andregulatory bodies forzoos was also
considered, as was the role of animal management in ensuring high levelsof welfare in captive animals. 8
University of PrinceEdward Island,Canada(LINK: Professor Mike Cockram)Through the LINK scheme, UFAW supportedthe attendance of five veterinary students fromThe Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC),University of Prince Edward Island, Canada toparticipate in the 15th Annual IntercollegiateAnimal Welfare Judging & Assessment Contestat Ohio State University. Twelve teams fromnine veterinary schools in North Americaparticipated in the annual competition, whichaims ‘to provide a unique educationalexperience while strengthening studentvocabulary and reasoning skills’. There was alsoa team assessment of Jersey dairy heifers. Ashley Butt, one of the students writes: ‘Beinga part of the 2015 AVC AWJAC Team helped usto build that confidence by developingenhanced knowledge of animal welfare, as wellas better our skills in communication and publicspeaking...... I am very grateful for having hadthe opportunity to work with such an excellentteam over the last few months. It has been agratifying experience that I will highlyrecommend to my peers and colleagues’. 8
LINKS UPDATE
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University of Liverpool (LINK: Professor Lynne Sneddon)Dr Charlotte Burn (RVC) gave a talk in November to staff and students atLiverpool on ‘Misunderstanding man’s best friend: Using science to helpunderstand and address welfare problems in dogs’ 8
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Animal welfare is a an area of research that draws on knowledge from a wide rangeof disciplines bringing together physiologists, animal behaviourists, veterinarians,animal care staff, philosophers and legislators.
The UFAW journal Animal Welfare, established in 1992 to help develop the science of animalwelfare, is published quarterly, taken in 45 countries around the world and is freely available toqualifying not-for-profit organisations in developing countries.
The topics covered are often diverse. The November issue contained, for example, articles ontransport of sheep and horses, pampas deer responses to humans, broiler hen welfare,handling of badgers and many others. One paper described a possible alternative to theanticoagulants frequently used to control rodents, which appears to be more humane; whileanother suggested that there may be even more reasons for being concerned aboutstereotyped behaviour in animals than had previously been thought. The article showed thatmice with stereotyped behaviour which can be caused by sub-standard housing and husbandry, experience more aggression thantheir cage mates, which may be linked with impairments in these animals’ social behaviour. 8
New title in UFAW/Wiley Blackwell animalwelfare book series We are pleased to announce anew title, Companion AnimalEthics to the UFAW/Wileyanimal welfare series. Over thepast century, there has been ahuge increase in the numberof companion animals,especially dogs and cats.Sharing our homes or liveswith animals means that wehave to both consider theirwelfare and take intoaccount practicalities ofownership. This raises a numberof ethical and welfare issues, including pet breeding,obesity, dealing with behaviour issues, neutering andmany others. The authors, Professor Peter Sandøe, DrSandra Corr and Professor Clare Palmer, have writtenan excellent volume that identifies the problems andthe considerations that need to be taken intoaccount – helping to steer the reader, whetherowner, animal care professional or welfare scientistthrough these sometimes difficult decisions. This isthe 11th title in the series. UFAW members areentitled to a 35% discount on purchases of theseand other Wiley Books. 8
Further details are available from the UFAW website.
Animal Welfare
Published by the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare — Science in the Service of Animal Welfare
Volume 25 Issue 1 February 2016
Articles
Tree cover and injurious feather-pecking
Population control in captive primates
Croatian veterinary students and farm animal welfare
Attitudes to injurious pecking
Theory of planned behaviour and kangaroo harvesters
Effect of analgesic drugs on broiler mobility
Hospital pens in Danish dairy herds
Effect of carbon dioxide stunning in lambs
Stocking rate during argon euthanasia of pigs
Consumer attitudes to injurious pecking
Slaughter horse welfare during unloading
Cat welfare and susceptibility to clipthesia
Factors affecting animal welfare in veterinary clinics
Practical and theoretical evaluation of SWIM 1.0
Loading capacity of trotting Yonaguni ponies
Reports and Comments Book Reviews
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Recent advances in Animal Welfare Science
As part of its on-going commitment to improving animal welfarethrough increased scientific understanding of animals’ needsand how these can be met, UFAW is holding the fifth of its
series of one day conferences on ‘Recent advances in animal welfarescience’ on 23rd June 2016. The conference has once again attracteda diverse and dynamic programme of speakers from the UK, Europeand the USA and will feature 14 talks on subjects ranging fromdeveloping and validating a practical screening tool for chronic stressin livestock to a history of animal sentience. There will also be postersessions featuring over 70 presentations.
The conference, which is being held in York, aims to provide a forum atwhich the broad and growing international community of scientists,veterinary surgeons, policy makers and others concerned with animalwelfare can come together to share knowledge and practice, discussadvances and exchange views. 8
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
The UFAW Journal Animal Welfare
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OBITUARY
Dr Huw WilliamsPhD MSc MRCVS Hon Ass FRAgSIt was with great sadness that we learntof the death, on 10th September lastyear, of Dr Huw Williams. Dr Williamswas not only a respected colleague butalso a staunch supporter of UFAW andits work, serving as a member of Councilbetween 1972-8 and again from 1987to 1993 and bringing with him a wealthof knowledge and experience. From1955 until his retirement in 1992, DrWilliams lectured in the Department ofAnimal Husbandry at the RoyalVeterinary College. UFAW extends itssincere condolences to his family andfriends.
Professor Dr Frauke OhlWe wereextremely sad tohear of thepassing ofCouncil memberProfessor FraukeOhl in January.Having beentrained as azoologist in Kiel [Germany], ProfessorOhl worked at the University of Utrechtas Professor of Animal Welfare &Laboratory Animal Science and, in 2011,she was appointed as Chair of the DutchCouncil of Animal Affairs (Ministry ofEconomic Affairs). As a member ofUFAW’s Council, she brought extensiveknowledge, compassion and dedicationto animal welfare and will be much-missed by her fellow Trustees andmembers of staff at UFAW. We extendour deepest sympathy to her family andfriends.‘Safeguarding animal welfare demandsbetter knowledge about the animal’sown perception. But it is humans thatdecide what is the quality of animalwelfare that is to be safeguarded – andthis decision demands ethical reflection.This is the interdisciplinary approach Ilike to explore with students’.
Professor Frauke Ohl
UFAW GIVES PRESENTATIONAT VIRTUAL CONFERENCEUFAW’S Senior Scientific Programme Manager Dr Huw Golledge gave a keynotepresentation at the LabRoots two-day international Laboratory Animal Science(LAS) virtual conference, which was held live entirely online.
Participants were able to log in to watch live video webcastsgiven by over 30 industry experts, as well as ask questionswhich were answered during the course of the webcast. Theconference brought together scientists, students, veterinarytechnicians, veterinarians, technical support staff, IACUC(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)administrators and committee members, as well as trainingand compliance personnel from around the world to learnabout recent advances in the science of animal wellbeing,housing, enrichment and biomethodology.
Dr Golledge’s presentation entitled “A good death? Are our ‘euthanasia’ methodsfor lab animals actually humane?” brought particpants up-to-date with the latestresearch in this area and drew attention to the gaps in our knowledge.
Said Huw : “Animals used in science often have to be euthanised at the end ofexperiments, the least we owe these animals is to give them a humane death. I waspleased to have the opportunity to discuss some of the latest research into the mosthumane ways to euthanise lab rodents with those who care for them.”
The LabRoots virtual conference has already reached over 46,000 people and this isgrowing steadily as more people log in to watch the presentations “on demand”. 8
For further information and to watch Huw’s keynote presentation, seehttp://www.labroots.com/virtual-event/laboratory-animal-sciences-2016
John and Margaret Cooper
Long-serving members John and MargaretCooper recently visited Kenya and, prior totheir trip, very kindly offered to take with
them educational materials for UFAW and its sistercharity the Humane Slaughter Association. AnimalWelfare Journals, HSA guidance notes andtechnical posters were disseminated to veterinaryschools, students and those teaching the nextgeneration of animal welfare inspectors.
John, who trained as a veterinary surgeon and who is now a specialist pathologistwith particular interests in wildlife and exotic species and his wife Margaret, alawyer, are involved in teaching at various universities. They combine theirmedical and legal backgrounds in the promotion of an inter-disciplinary approachto veterinary and biological education, wildlife conservation and forensic serviceand work with communities in East Africa.
The materials were well received and will provide invaluable information on anumber of aspects of animal welfare as well as on stockmanship/handing ofanimals being transported, in markets and at slaughter.
We are indebted to them both for their ongoing support. 8
LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCESFebruary 3 –4, 2016
labroots.com/virtual-events
+1.714.463.4673
A FREE BioConference Live Virtual Event Produced by LabRoots
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Thank you!To all our supporters who so kindly donated to our AutumnAppeal in support of our educational work overseas. At thetime of going to press, £808 had been donated which willenable us to promote animal welfare education indeveloping countries
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Despite many advances in animal care and increasingconcern about animal welfare, many animals still sufferunnecessarily due to our lack of understanding of their
needs and how best to meet them. UFAW promotes essentialstudy and education in animal welfare, developing practical andlasting solutions to welfare problems.
We’ve achieved so much over the last 90 years, thanks to thesupport of people, both within and beyond the scientificcommunity, who share our concern for the welfare of animals.But there’s so much more to do and we can’t do it alone. Bycontinuing to support UFAW, you will enable us to carry on withour important efforts on behalf of all animals. Thank you. 8
UFAW is very grateful to all our donors for theirgenerous support. We have welcomed donations,both large and small, since our creation in 1926 and
have used them to harness science in the service of animalwelfare. We have always valued our supporters and donorsand been committed to accountability and transparency sothat donors and prospective donors can have full confidencein the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare.
When you consider making a donation to us, we undertakethat:
• all communications concerning it will be honest, truthful andwill comply with the law
• your right to privacy, confidentiality and anonymity will berespected and you will not be subjected to any form of unduepressure
• if you wish to cease giving, we will respect your decision and if you tell us that you don’t want us to contact you in aparticular way we will not do so
• your gift will be applied to the purpose for which it wasoriginally requested
• your gift will be handled responsibly and to the greatestadvantage of the beneficiary/ies
• your gift will receive appropriate acknowledgement andrecognition. We will not disclose the names of individualdonors or benefactors unless express permission has beensought
• we adhere to the Institute of Fundraising codes of practice• we are scrupulous, trustworthy and open in our appeals for
public support• we value hearing from our supporters. We ensure that all
questions, concerns or complaints are dealt with respectfully,sensitively and quickly. 8
Our fundraising promise to youCredit: UFAW
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HOW YOU CAN HELPWhy UFAW’s work is important
www.ufaw.org.uk
Universities Federation for Animal WelfareThe Old School, Brewhouse Hill, Wheathampstead, Herts AL4 8ANt: 01582 831818 • e: [email protected]
Established 1926
Registered Charity in England and Wales No 207996 : Company Limited by Guarantee no 579991 ISSN 0566-8700
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