United States HistoryUnited States HistoryChapter 9Chapter 9

Higher Order Thinking SkillsHigher Order Thinking Skills

HomeworkHomework

1.1. Describe how industrialization and Describe how industrialization and capitalism impacted the U.S. capitalism impacted the U.S. economy.economy.

What was the market revolution?What was the market revolution? Represented the shift from producing goods for one’s Represented the shift from producing goods for one’s

own consumption, to buying and selling goods in the own consumption, to buying and selling goods in the marketplace.marketplace.

What role did entrepreneurs play in fueling the What role did entrepreneurs play in fueling the nation’s economy?nation’s economy?

They created the competition within the marketplace They created the competition within the marketplace that drove capitalism. They risked everything to that drove capitalism. They risked everything to make huge profits.make huge profits.

2.2. Identify the inventions that Identify the inventions that enhanced people’s lives and helped enhanced people’s lives and helped fuel the country’s economic fuel the country’s economic progress.progress.

How did inventions impact consumers?How did inventions impact consumers? They tended to make life easier and more comfortable for They tended to make life easier and more comfortable for

consumers.consumers. How did the invention of the telegraph enhance the nation’s How did the invention of the telegraph enhance the nation’s

business activities?business activities? Made it possible for the different regions of the United States Made it possible for the different regions of the United States

(North, South, and West) to do business with each other more (North, South, and West) to do business with each other more efficiently.efficiently.

In what ways did Americans improve their transportation In what ways did Americans improve their transportation systems?systems?

The United States laid thousands of miles of Railroad tracks The United States laid thousands of miles of Railroad tracks during this period, as well as starting up numerous Canal during this period, as well as starting up numerous Canal projects.projects.

3.3. Explain how improved Explain how improved transportation and communication transportation and communication systems helped to link America’s systems helped to link America’s regions and make them more regions and make them more interdependent.interdependent.

What factors helped the Northeast to become the center of What factors helped the Northeast to become the center of commerce?commerce?

Heavy investment in Railroads and Canals, an emphasis on Heavy investment in Railroads and Canals, an emphasis on manufacturing jobs, and good ports for foreign trade.manufacturing jobs, and good ports for foreign trade.

What inventions helped to improve farming in the Midwest?What inventions helped to improve farming in the Midwest? John Deere’s invention of the Steel Plow and Cyrus John Deere’s invention of the Steel Plow and Cyrus

McCormick’s invention of the Mechanical Reaper.McCormick’s invention of the Mechanical Reaper. Why did the South remain largely agricultural throughout the Why did the South remain largely agricultural throughout the

early- and mid-1800’s?early- and mid-1800’s? Transportation systems were less developed, Wealthy Transportation systems were less developed, Wealthy

Southerners’ money was tied up in land and slaves and not Southerners’ money was tied up in land and slaves and not available to invest in factory construction, and many available to invest in factory construction, and many Southerners looked down on industrialization as uncivilized. Southerners looked down on industrialization as uncivilized.

4.4. Summarize the reasons American Summarize the reasons American settlers headed west during the settlers headed west during the mid-1800’s.mid-1800’s.

What was the concept of Manifest Destiny?What was the concept of Manifest Destiny? Based on the belief that America was God’s new Based on the belief that America was God’s new

“Chosen People” and that the west was our “Chosen People” and that the west was our “promised land”. It stated that American expansion “promised land”. It stated that American expansion to the west was inevitable and pre-ordained by God.to the west was inevitable and pre-ordained by God.

For what reasons did Americans move west?For what reasons did Americans move west? Economic problems, abundance of land, trade with Economic problems, abundance of land, trade with

Asia (made possible by the transportation Asia (made possible by the transportation improvements of the period).improvements of the period).

5.5. Describe the impact of westward Describe the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans.expansion on Native Americans.

Why did a number of Native Americans resist white settlement Why did a number of Native Americans resist white settlement on the western frontier?on the western frontier?

To protect their ancestral lands and cultures.To protect their ancestral lands and cultures. What were the causes and consequences of the Blackhawk What were the causes and consequences of the Blackhawk

War?War? Illinois was forcing the Sauk and Fox tribes west of the Illinois was forcing the Sauk and Fox tribes west of the

Mississippi River, Chief Black Hawk decided to lead a rebellion, Mississippi River, Chief Black Hawk decided to lead a rebellion, over 200 Sauk and Fox were slaughtered and the tribes were over 200 Sauk and Fox were slaughtered and the tribes were forcibly removed.forcibly removed.

What did the Treaty of Fort Laramie state?What did the Treaty of Fort Laramie state? Native American tribes were given control of the Central Plains Native American tribes were given control of the Central Plains

in return for promises not to attack settlers and to allow the in return for promises not to attack settlers and to allow the United States to build Forts and Roads in the territory.United States to build Forts and Roads in the territory.

6.6. Identify the westward trails and Identify the westward trails and some of the people that used them.some of the people that used them.

What were the main routes that Americans took as they What were the main routes that Americans took as they traveled into the west?traveled into the west?

Oregon Trail, Mormon Trail, California Trail, Bozeman TrailOregon Trail, Mormon Trail, California Trail, Bozeman Trail For what reasons did the Mormons migrate west?For what reasons did the Mormons migrate west? To escape religious persecutionTo escape religious persecution How did the United States and Great Britain settle their disputes How did the United States and Great Britain settle their disputes

over western territory?over western territory? Initially, American settlers demanded a war with Great Britain to Initially, American settlers demanded a war with Great Britain to

acquire the entire Oregon Territory (“54’40 or Fight”)acquire the entire Oregon Territory (“54’40 or Fight”) However, facing a war with Mexico, James K. Polk decided to However, facing a war with Mexico, James K. Polk decided to

come to an agreement with the British to extend the border at come to an agreement with the British to extend the border at the 49the 49thth parallel to the Pacific Ocean (our current northern parallel to the Pacific Ocean (our current northern boundary).boundary).

7.7. Explain why Mexico encouraged Explain why Mexico encouraged settlement in Texas.settlement in Texas.

Why did tensions develop between Native American and Mexican Why did tensions develop between Native American and Mexican inhabitants of Texas?inhabitants of Texas?

The Mexican government forced Native Americans to work as The Mexican government forced Native Americans to work as unpaid laborers. The Comanche and Apache tribes responded with unpaid laborers. The Comanche and Apache tribes responded with violent attacks on Mexican settlements in Texas and New Mexico.violent attacks on Mexican settlements in Texas and New Mexico.

Why did Mexico invite American settlers to Texas?Why did Mexico invite American settlers to Texas? They hoped it would help solve the “Indian Problem” and create a They hoped it would help solve the “Indian Problem” and create a

closer connection between Mexico City and the Texas settlement.closer connection between Mexico City and the Texas settlement. What role did Stephen Austin play in the American settlement of What role did Stephen Austin play in the American settlement of

Texas?Texas? He acted as an empresario (land agent) that helped bring American He acted as an empresario (land agent) that helped bring American

settlers to Texas.settlers to Texas.

8.8. Describe how Texas gained its Describe how Texas gained its independence.independence.

Why did the Anglo settlers in Texas rebel against the Mexican Why did the Anglo settlers in Texas rebel against the Mexican government?government?

Santa Anna closed the border to the United States banning Santa Anna closed the border to the United States banning American immigrants and placing a heavy tax on American American immigrants and placing a heavy tax on American products.products.

What was the significance of the Battle at the Alamo?What was the significance of the Battle at the Alamo? Became the rallying cry (“Remember the Alamo”) for Texas Became the rallying cry (“Remember the Alamo”) for Texas

Independence, reminding Texans of the cruelty and unmerciful Independence, reminding Texans of the cruelty and unmerciful nature of the Santa Anna regime.nature of the Santa Anna regime.

How did Texas eventually become the 28th state in the Union?How did Texas eventually become the 28th state in the Union? After winning their independence and existing for a while as the After winning their independence and existing for a while as the

Lone Star Republic, Texas invited the United States to annex Lone Star Republic, Texas invited the United States to annex (add) them as the 28(add) them as the 28thth state in the Union. state in the Union.

9.9. Summarize the conflicting attitudes Summarize the conflicting attitudes on waging war with Mexico.on waging war with Mexico.

Why did Polk favor war with Mexico?Why did Polk favor war with Mexico? It would give the opportunity to fulfill manifest destiny It would give the opportunity to fulfill manifest destiny

through acquisition of what would become California, through acquisition of what would become California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada.New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada.

Why was public opinion divided over going to war Why was public opinion divided over going to war with Mexico?with Mexico?

The war represented the possible expansion of the The war represented the possible expansion of the territory of slavery within the United States.territory of slavery within the United States.

10.10. Describe key battles that helped the Describe key battles that helped the United States win the war with United States win the war with Mexico.Mexico.

How did the Mexican-American War begin?How did the Mexican-American War begin? Zachary Taylor was sent to the Rio Grande River (within territory Zachary Taylor was sent to the Rio Grande River (within territory

disputed by both the United States and Mexico) where he was disputed by both the United States and Mexico) where he was attacked by Mexican forces, provoking a declaration of war against attacked by Mexican forces, provoking a declaration of war against Mexico.Mexico.

How did views of the war differ among the nation’s regions?How did views of the war differ among the nation’s regions? The South supported the War because it could expand the influence The South supported the War because it could expand the influence

of the slave states in Congress, the North opposed the War for the of the slave states in Congress, the North opposed the War for the same reason.same reason.

How did the United States gain control of New Mexico and California?How did the United States gain control of New Mexico and California? Both were acquired by the U.S. after revolutions led by local settlers Both were acquired by the U.S. after revolutions led by local settlers

(wealthy Mexican ranchers in New Mexico and by American settlers (wealthy Mexican ranchers in New Mexico and by American settlers led by John Freemont in California).led by John Freemont in California).

11.11. Identify U.S. Territories gained from Identify U.S. Territories gained from Mexico.Mexico.

What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? The United States received the land that would become The United States received the land that would become

California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico (The California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico (The Mexican Cession) in return for a payment of $20 Million.Mexican Cession) in return for a payment of $20 Million.

What was the significance of the Gadsden Purchase?What was the significance of the Gadsden Purchase? Completed the borders of the mainland United States, allowed Completed the borders of the mainland United States, allowed

for completion of the Transcontinental Railroad.for completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. What role did the war with Mexico play in the election of 1848?What role did the war with Mexico play in the election of 1848? The issue of whether or not to ban slavery from the territory The issue of whether or not to ban slavery from the territory

gained from Mexico split the Democratic Party and allowed War gained from Mexico split the Democratic Party and allowed War Hero Zachary Taylor to win the election easily.Hero Zachary Taylor to win the election easily.

12.12. Explain the impact of the discovery Explain the impact of the discovery of gold in California on the of gold in California on the development of the West.development of the West.

What impact did the discovery of gold have on the What impact did the discovery of gold have on the west?west?

Inspired dramatic increases in the numbers of people Inspired dramatic increases in the numbers of people migrating to the west.migrating to the west.

In what ways did the west become more diverse?In what ways did the west become more diverse? The State’s population included Chinese immigrants, The State’s population included Chinese immigrants,

Free Blacks, Mexican immigrants, some slaves (until Free Blacks, Mexican immigrants, some slaves (until the state constitution abolished the institution in the state constitution abolished the institution in 1849) and Whites.1849) and Whites.