United States Foreign PolicyUnit 6: Part I

Unit 6: United States Foreign Policy, 1920s, Great Depression, and the New DealPhiladelphia Press. Ten Thousand Miles from Tip to Tip. 1898.

Use your Primary Source Analysis Guide for Cartoons.

Unit 6: United States Foreign Policy, 1920s, Great Depression, and the New DealZimmerman, Arthur. Telegram. 1917

Use your Primary Source Analysis Guide for Documents.

On the first of February, we intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfare. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and make peace together. We shall give generous financial support, and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details of settlement are left to you.

What is Foreign Policy?

How a country deals with other countries

Isolationism

•The first foreign policy in the United States (Monroe Doctrine)•When a country doesn’t get involved in the affairs of other countries

Why did the United States follow a policy of Isolationism in the 1800s?

Industrialization and Isolationism

After the U.S. Civil War, Cyrus Field attempted to create a transatlantic telegraph cable under the Bering Strait

The Berin

g Strait

1867: Alaska

•Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the sale of AK•$7,200,000 or 2¢ per acre•“Russian America”•“Seward’s Folly”

Imperialism

•When a country tries to dominate another country •Some European countries practiced imperialism in the 1800s by taking over the governments of other countries.

Imperialistic Country

Political Power

(Territory, Natural Resources)

Was the United States Imperialistic?

Hawaiian Benevolence

•1830s: Britain and France forced Hawaii to extend “privileges”•1842: U.S. reaffirmed that European colonization was not welcome in the Americas•1849: Treaty of friendship between the U.S. and Hawaii•1875: U.S. Sugar producers moved into Hawaii

Hawaiian Sugar Plantation

Hawaiian Aggression

•1893: U.S. deposed Queen Liliuokalani (fear of high sugar tariffs)•Samuel Dole and sailors from the USS Boston surrounded the palace•Clip

Hawaiian Controversy

President Benjamin Harrison encourag

ed the coup.

“I am ashamed of the whole affair.”

President Grover

Cleveland opposed the takeover and

tried to restore the Queen.

President William McKinley

annexed Hawaii in 1898, aroused by nationalism

spurred from the Spanish-

American War.

1898: Spanish-American War• The United States fought for Cuban

Independence from Spain.• At the end of the war, the United

States acquired protectorates:

Puerto

Rico

The

Philippines

Guam

Dollar Diplomacy

• President Taft’s plan• Encouraged United States citizens

to invest in Latin America• He promised that the United States

would step in if unrest threatened their investments.

China in the 1800s

• Early 1800s: Opium Wars

• Not recognized as a sovereign nation by European countries

• Sphere of influence: Area where a foreign nation has greater political power than a host nation

The Open Door Policy

•Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. •This policy would give imperial nations EQUAL FOOTING and prevent China from being carved up.•Clip

China’s Humiliation

• NO NATION FORMALLY AGREED TO THE OPEN DOOR POLICY…BUT

• Hay announced the agreement to the Policy.

• U.S. investment interests were PROTECTED.

The Boxer Rebellion

• The “Boxers” (Chinese native martial artists) rebelled against Imperial Powers.

• China paid $300 million in reparations.

• The U.S. used part of its share to fund scholarships to Chinese students.

• Clip

Global Economy

Growth in international trade occurred from the late 1800s to World War I—the first era of a true “global economy.”

Political Cartoon

• Imperialism• Spheres of Influence• Spanish-American War• Annex• Protectorates• Open Door Policy• Hawaii

• Create a political cartoon that expresses United States expansionism. An example of a political cartoon from this time period is depicted to the left. DO NOT COPY OR IMITATE THIS CARTOON-CREATE YOUR OWN UNIQUE WORK.

• Once you have completed your political cartoon, write one paragraph that explains the symbolism within your cartoon. The paragraph must include at least five words from the following list:

• Foreign policy• Isolationism• Expansionism• Reparations• Seward’s Folly