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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGlCA L S U RVEY ALASKAN GSOLOSY CRAdCH TECHNICAL DllLTA PILE
PRELIMINARY GEOMAGNETIC DATA COLLEGE OBSERVATORY
8
SEPTEMBER 1978
FAIRBANKS, ALASKA
OPEN FILE REPORT 743-3001
ORDER OF CONTENTS
Explanation of Data & Reports
Magnetic Activity Report
Outstanding Magnetic Effects
Principal Magnetic Storms
Preliminary Calibration Data & Monthly Mean Absolute Values
Magnetogram Hourly Scalings
Sample Format for Normal & Storm Magnetograms
Normal Magnetograms
Storm Magnetograms (When Normal is too disturbed to read)
T H I S REPORT WAS PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF JOHN B , TOWNSHEND, CHIEF OF THE COLLEGE OBSERVATORY WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF OBSERVATORY STAFF PIEMBERS J, E n PAPP, ASST, CHIEF, AND S. P , TILTON, AND I N COOPERATION WITH THE GEOPHYSICAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA, THE COLLEGE OBSERVATORY I S A PART OF THE BRANCH OF ELECTROIIAGNETISM AND GEOMAGNETISM OF THE U , S , GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,
COLLEGE OBSERVATORY PRELIMINARY GEOMAGNETIC DATA
INTRODUCTION OBSER'JATORY LOCATION
The preliminary geomagnetic data included here is \ made available to scientific personnel and organizations,
as part of a cooperative effort and on a data exchange basis because of the early need by some users. To avoid delay, all of the data is copied from original forms processed at the observatory; therefore it should be regarded as preliminary. Inquiries about this report or about the College Observatory should be addressed to:
Chief, College Observatory U.S. Geological Survey Yukon Drive on West Ridge Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Requests for copies of the magnetograms except for the current month should be addressed to:
World Data Center A-NOAA Environmental Data Service Boulder, Colorado 60302
GEOMAGNETIC DATA
Normal, Storm, and Rapid Run magnetograms and appropriate calibration data are processed daily at the observatory and are available for analysis or copying. Also available are mean hourly scalings, K-Indices, selected magnetic phenomena reports, and on a real-time basis are recordings from a 3-compo- nent fluxgate magnetometer and F-component proton magnetometer.
Magnetic Activity The K-Index.
ment of the range The K-Index is a logarithmic measure- of the most disturbed component (D or
H) of the geomagnetic field for eight intervals beginning 0000-0300, 0300-0600 . . . 2100-2400 UT. It is a measure of the difference between the highest and lowest deviation from a smooth curve to be expected for a component on a maeneticallv auiet day. within a three hour interval. u " L " ,
The Equivalent Daily Amplitude, AK. The K-Index is converted into an equivalent range, ak, which is near the center of the limiting gamma ranges for a given K. The average of the eight values is called equivalent daily amplitude AK. The unit lOyhas been chosen so as r.oti,o give the illusion of an accuracy not justified.
The schedule for converting gamma range to K, and K to ak is as follows:
Gamma Range K - Index ak* - 0 < 25 0 0 25 < 50 1 3 50 < lo0 2 7
100 < 200 3 15 200 < 350 4 27 350 < 600 5 48 600 <lo00 6 80
The Magnetic Daily Character Figure, C. To each Universal day a character is assigned on the basis C=O, if it is quiet; C=l if it is moderately disturbed; C=2 if it is greatly disturbed. The method used to assign characters at the College Observatory is based on AK as follows:
AK Range - C 03 11 0 11s: 50 1 50+ 2
Routine assignment of C was discontinued at College on January 1, 1976.
The College Observatory, operated by the U. S. Geological Survey, is located at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska. It is near the Auroral Zone and the northern limit of the-world's greatest earthquake belt, the circum-Pacific Seismic belt. Although the observatory's basic operation is in geo- magnetism and seismology, it cooperates with other scientists and organizations in areas where the facil- ity and personnel can be of service.
The observatory is one of three operated by the USGS in Alaska. The others are located at Barrow and Sitka.
The position of the observatory site is: Geographic latitude.. . . . . . .64O51.6'~ Geographic longitude. . . . . . .147'50.2 'W Geomagnetic latitude.. . . . . .+64.6' Geomagnetic longitude.. . . . .+256.5' Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 meters
Selected Phemnena & Outstanding Magnetic Effects Prior to January 1, 1976, the Normal & Rapid
Run records were reviewed at the observatory for selected magnetic phenomena and the events identified were forwarded to the IUGG Commission on Magnetic Variations and Disturbances. This was discontinued on January 1, 1976, but a report on Outstanding Magnetic Effects is prepared monthly for this report.
Principal Magnetic Storms Gradual and sudden commencement magnetic distur-
bances with at least one K-Index of 5 or greater, which are believed to be part of a world-wide disturbance, are classified as principal magnetic storms. The time of the storm beginning and ending; direction and amplitude of sudden commencements; period of maximum activity; and storm range are reported. Monthly reports of these data are forwarded to the World Data Center A in Boulder, Colorado.
Magnetogram Hourly Scalings Magnetogram hourly scalings are averages for
successive periods of one hour for the D, H, and Z elements. The value in the column headed "01" is the average for the hour beginning 0000 and ending 0100. Note that the values on the scaling sheets are in teriths of mm with the decimal point omitted. The user sf these scalings should keep in mind that the tabular values are hourly means and if he is interested in the detailed morphology of the magnetic field, he should refer directly to the magnetcgrams.
Magnetograms The normal magnetograms in this report are repro-
duced at about one-third the size of the originals. Pre- liminary base-line values and scale values adopted for use with the original magnetogr~ms are included. For days when the magnetic field is t ~ o disturbed for the Normal magnetogram to be rea:,ible,Storm magnetograms are repro- duc ed .
Absolutes, Base-lines, and Scale Values To determine the absolute value of the magnetic
field from the hourly means or from point scalings the following equations should be used:
D=BD+d-SD; H=Bz+h.SH; Z-BZ+z'SZ where D, H, and Z are absolute values; BD, 9H and BZare base-line values; SD, SH and Sz are scale values; and d, h, arid z are scalings in millimeters.
APPROVED JOHN B. TOWNSHEND, CHIEF, COLLEGE OBSERVATORY O B S E R V E R IN C H A R G E
I
N O A A F O R M 76- IBS S U P E R S E D E S C L G S F O R M 816 * U.S. G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G 0 F F ; C E : 1975-76t-867
I K S C A L E USED:
....... LOWER LIMIT FOR K = 9..
CURRENT SCALE VALUE.... .... LOWER LIMIT FOR K = s ........
7 76-1U NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (9- 72 I
MAGNETIC ACTIVITY
I
DATE
1 2 3 4 s
6
7 8 9
10
1 1
12
13
14
IS
16
17 18
19
20
2 1
22 23 24 2s
26 27 28 29 30 31
COLLEGE, ALASKA
S C A L I N GS AND COMPUTATIONS HAVE BEEN CHECKED.
D
, 683.8 3.75
2560
MONTH AND YEAR
AK
3 0 29 17 11 07
44 06 19 37 12
22 23 09 02 06
03 09 01 00 01
08 2 2 13 08 49
64 47 60
109 1 9
(Greenwich civi l time, counted from midnight to midnight)
H
321.7 7.80
2510
SEPTEMBER 1978
TIME SCALE ON MAGNETOGRAMS
20 m m h
SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS
d h m
POSSIBLE SOLAR-FLARE EFFECTS BASED ON
INSPECTION O F GRAMS ALONE (WITHOUT
REFERENCE T O D A T A FROM OTHER SOURCES)
SUM
30 2 9 24 17 14
27 11 21 3 3 18
17 27 16 04 08
08 11 03 00 ,
02
14 24 1 9 16 36
38 3 9 41 45 2 3
g 8 m N
g s l i
3 3 5 6 3 3 5 6 3 2 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 2 1
2 4 7 7 0 1 0 3 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 6 4 2 1 3
1 0 0 1 2 2 5 5 2 2 3 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
1 1 2 0 1 2 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 4 3 1 1 1 5 3 1 1 3 4 2 2 3 0 2 4 5 7
3 4 8 6 5 4 5 5 5 4 6 7 4 5 8 8 2 4 5 5
BEGIN
d h m
Z
K-INDICES
m m - * - - $' 4 1 " i . Z
5 3 3 2 5 2 3 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 2
4 2 1 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 2 1 5 6 4 3 4 2 1 1
6 6 2 1 4 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
2 2 0 1 5 4 4 1 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 5 6 4 3
4 6 3 4 4 6 5 5 6 4 4 5 7 7 4 2 2 2 2 1
END
d ~ I T I
(mm
(Y/mm)
(to nearest 10Y)
I C O L L e C E OBSERVATORY, COLIBOE, AUSKA -- PREIBUUARY C-OH DATA POR: s C;;PTENB&R /978
I
- H O W MAGmRAF'B
PeRIOD CALIBRATION CCMPOAEm'
FRCM TO SCAIE VALUE BASELIHE
0060 IY. f , 9-/- 78 Z+UO &.Z, 9-30-78 -
I I I I I I
I RAPID RUA MAGHEMCRAPE I 1 - I PERIOD I CALIBRATION 1
CCMWJXD FRaM lER QUIETEST DAYS D U R I E MCBsTB.
D m USED: -,-
cCMPmm FROM I TO
I SCAIE VALUE
I
(UNIVCRSAL TIME) Value. .re i n tenths d mm. and "re srtr.~e. la succcs.irc periods o f one hour b c ~ i n n i n ~ at midni6hr. l l ou r 01 of l oca l day (EM.T.) i s h o u r x a l the un i rc rsa l day. CO 78 SEP D Sh,tnkm#c ron rc r im, have been applied. Nrlati.e ..lucs arc ia red, wi th minus s i l n s shown.
C 1 " ~ 1 ' ~ ~ $ ] 01 1 0 2 1 0 3 1 0 4 1 0 s I 1 0 7 I 1 0 9 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 3') 13 14 I I S 1 1 8 17 1 18 1 1 9 1 2 0 1 21 1 2 2 23 1 2 4
I I I I 0 2 I z s o I ~ l e I221 I2~81267 1229 I212 1.5331 168 I21q 1231 I / B L / I ~ ~ I 2 ~ 1 1 9 2 I~e7133013e31397131e ! a o e I / m 1/20 I 1391 179 ICOSL I
P O ~ A r o w 76-IW u. I. DLPAITYEUT or COYYCRCL WSV. 9- 21 UATIONAL OCEANIC AN0 ATYOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
MAGNETOCRAM HOURLY SCALINCS
TJ Si8nillc.nt portion 01 haur in~erpolmtrd.
0 N o record; n no .aluca .v.il.bic because of faul ty t r e a d .
C ] Scmlin8 uncr r la ln b e c a a e of m.#netic #Inmi.
<> R e c a d a l l sheet la p n a -11 d hour. i f value i. firen, c u v c :as c e t i n r t c d or moanin8 part.
VLAO
r ~ H ~ v SUM 1 YOUTWLIYCAN
DATES WITH 014:
MONTN ELE- YLNT
WNCNCD mv
D e t i v r d born StQrm Mr,ph.. cn.rr t rd 1s Nnn.1 M'ph. 1 d U.S G.P.O. 1913-709-5111932 RE0.W
(UNIVERSAL TIME) V.luc. .re tn tenths d mm nnd arc nrcr.&es f a succcsr~rc pertnd. of one hour be8tnnln8 mt mndnafit. l lovr 01 of local d.7 (-.T.) I. homr&of the unt.crs.l dm,. Shrnntagc corrcctmns hare been applocd. Nr((mt#re rmlras .re la red. wtth mtnus ot&ns shown.
co 78
4
I
201
233
338 269
124 330
341
213
67
200
334/ 331 351
avo WY 359
3.V2
347 348
-s 180 330 140
36'
aoe -ea* -sd
341
y or
SCALCD mv
SEP H
11
48 334
2.5-1
331 338
339
340
-77*-8gX-77* 364 351
70
384 347 355
341
356
341 3Y2
3Y4
338
357 310
339
57~~A/1~*-15G* Val * 19"
331
C*8CRED wv
SIOMS IE. v1E.ED my
uJ*C*ED .v
v m r n r v WEAN
OATES"lln OA4
y* /29
181 335
224 370
336
380
353 - 213
SO 347 287
341
3Yl 346 342
3 Y S 328
310
244 331
137 )all -wfc 1 3 9 ~
31\
l 2 $ l I
01
02
03
04
sp
oe
07
tm
0.
l o
11
12
'9
14
IS
16
17
18
IS
20
22
2s
2.
26
27
28
30
91
15
173
27/
198
5191
221
334 321
3q2 I41 3 5 1
-%*-2m* 27
319 332
3r/0
331
937 3.VI 343
350
347 24 346 293 82
la9
113
198
*-89* 307
( )
Ten C s p 3 \ 0 1 (7
3Yo
340 336
250 3/3
340 310
314
--
321
261 2 7 /
295 329
336
313 330 330
337 361 311
214 170
5199
-21 -ab;
IUO
341 1%
3\7
897
06
360 3m 319
349 333
469 329
5Y6
357 336
33L
-0
361
339
3 4 0 367
~
389
340
3 y 2
I * - 3 ~ 160
283 309
174 33G 341
-3Y 280
261 171
339
344 341
339 340
3 2 Y 34%
3%
313 170 183 3q0
2-1
369
160
-49{-%\ 3Yo
16
269
329
261 -- 224 300
369 299 330
-~/#-SS -
342
/>3
309 330 3//0
330 332
34/0 339
W3
3qo 36 290
291 l G 9
-a$ ass 3 9
-604 S N
Interpolated
3 ~ 9 ,sa-\ -
r 4 r
P.O. tB73-769-57t1932 REG .S
1nterr.l Bmse-llae Scmle rJ St#niltc.nt porrlon of of m.gnct1c .tarm.
Be((tnnnn8 V.luc Vmlue <> Record off mhrct f a p r t hour tntcrpolmted.
0 No recotdl a no ~ ~ I u c * OI .Il d ho~sr. $1 vmluc ~r
a.a~lmble becmusr of ~ r m , c u v e r m m e.tmntcd
fault, r rcad. Pm m,..,n, p r t .
I k t l v c d I r a Storm Mlph.. converted t o N o r u l Ma*. --
q U.S G
18
339
317 335' --
190 321
3% 308
314 -3 322
363
241
903 321 330
313 - 920 323
333
'344 ZEG 9 7
221
303
*-31 * a66
a91 -\9g 317
C ]
Ir
01
02
01
04
0 s
07
os
m
t o
I, 12
1s
$ 4
1s
r e
17
1s
19
10
305 419 357 3.56 339
26)- 350 376
-- 369
356
-93 239
340
347 340
371
02
397
326
341
310 3 1 9
3qo 322
443
3fY 349 3 1 5
3.59
339 397
330
321 32s 339 323
341
4 ~ 3 351
381
471 841
663
~ 0 5
BOI*
390
meal.
07
390
4y4 439 -- 350 3 Y Y
4812 330
360
397 339
333
370 363
336
3Y0
401 -- 419
9 6
srr 339 330 319
319 320
397 303
3Y3 307
310
329 321
316
319
324 330 319
m
21
22
21
24
2s
27
2,
I t
19
319
221 1
307 - - Z B G
320 321
291y
2% 309
340
2 0 320
310 320
310
319 307
318
333
332 179
316 337
3V3
a83 -89*- IY
a37
3, 309
Sr.l~n((
329
326
331
324 3yo 352
ws SLB
337 319
339
330 323
323 320
346 337
343
q50 3 7 ~ '411
337
537
03
369
351
340 33; 327
3sc 330
650
323
3YI 311
330
357
319
326 329
339
336 329
3qo 345
3Y3
377 389
360
Y.54 850
am* 399
144"
384
vslr.~:
OB
360 279
421
371 341
Y24 331
32r/
4.50 - 343
3Yo
371/ 361
336 3 3 9
3 G 9
433
20
286 1 0 5
302 --
290 '
310 318
2%
310'-3/1
331 31G
283
289
306
304 316
310
319
307
306 321
320 300
316 33G
a33 419
/us a96 366
300
unrrrtmin
329
331
321
327 353 37a
37s
367
3996 3% 336
09
382 374
414 -- 329 352
-25$ 339 169
389 363
341 221
3 8 Y 3VO 339
339
132*,
04
386 339 382
346
328 361 336
798
349 323 323
336 317
321 330
347 949
340 337
33Jo
3Y4 34q
3q6
214
403 349 888
JSI* 315
1b7* ~08- (51~-1b~* -~0 \ * -117*
56
21
281 2-50
299 - 291
317
310 299
315
322
315 290
3e9 301
309 315
31G
320 310
308
306
a l a
323
331
311 301
a43
-11 at39 3Y0
318
because
0s
Y17 338
376
340
32Y
360 33q
&ly 3Yo 330
330
3 V q
32v 330 331
368
379 339
341
329
%6
339
341
331 399
r119 390
V69 L(7g 369
P v . l l m i n ~
3%
34q 381
3 C 3
330
a& eaW-111 3bW
a70
3Vo QV2
22
290 380 298
298 310 310 301
321 3 2 0
314 316
313 360 310
311
314 31V 311
309
199
317
333
341 320 340 P L ~
aaa mc3 336
313
W/ 3'/1
339
415
336 349
377 442
5~(\
603
491 396 333
3YG
576
349 367 411 512
530
~ e 7 451 5\3* 391
28
313
301 320 - 290
320 309 303
918
330 301
319
334
310 309 323
3 0 4 315. 316 311
300
a20
340 341 27/
3a8 ~9 399
a97 310
3a8
MOUTHLV be--lln. a d
24
3aO 334,
308 -- 3 1 1 326
311
381 316
3 5 4 306
3/19
3%
318 313 329
319
317 319 320
3lq 3 l r
329 3q3 279
339
370
567
~2 319
3ao
SUM
SUW
6649
GgCa 7 5 / 5
7 3 6 4 765.5
6 9 2 4 7848 ,
9248 9782 7870 6/78 6//1/ ,
7878 7 9 / C 7922
8 0 3 1
8066 ,
7959
79c9 8 0 2 6 , 8437 6291
756y . 8 1 Y 2
72 16 5 % ~ -
-6-ujL- 5a'~ WO 7681-
alyow
I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I 1
SCALED 5'3 7
P,.ltmlneq hose-lln* a d mcml. valr..: ( ) lntcrpal.ted C ] Scalinn uncertmin kc.use YONTHLv 451753. 8 V Interrml Bmse-line Srsle of mmlnstic .torn.
CWCCRCO Vmlw Value rJ Sinnifieant portion of
Bc8innin8 < > Recad off sheel In p r t U o w r n L v UCAN 350 Bv 3 e T ,J%T hour intcrpalstcd. a a l l of hrmr; if value i.
n No record: at no values siven. c u v c r . ~ est imred OATCS WITH or-:
FORM 76-IW U. I. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 9-721 MATIOWAL OCCAWIC AN0 ATYOSPHERIC ADYIWISTRATIOW
MAGNETOGRAM HOURLY SCALINGS
*1Ous 11- , VlcWLO
WNCWCO 8 V
EL€- YLWT
08SV.
o u.s G.P.O. I ~ 7 ~ - 7 6 P - S 7 l / Y 3 2 RFG.#6
~3 r
VCAR
- *r.il.ble because d ror mksin' p r t . I.~II, t r e a d .
Decivcd lrom Storm ~ n p h . , r a r e r t t d to ~ o r l l n l N&.
YORTH
!k COLLEGE, *iASKA SEC 1. ism I
I
, ,
Z m 24 i U T 4 4 16
h , . ' :J' H -.- I (I
T I .
I I COLLEGE. ALASKA SEP 2.1978 SEP 3,1978
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COLLEGE. ALASKA ' 8
I ~ I SEP 4. 1978 1 1 SEP !i, 1978 I 1 ' 1
; I
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I I ~ I 12 10
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COLLEGE. ALASKA 1 SEP 3,1978 SEP 4.1978
i I
d i ( * i $
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m 24 U T 4 8 1 12 16
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COLLEGE, ALASKA
SEP 6.1078 i SEP 7,1078 j i I ; I 1
--+-7 1 -- I
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WLLEGE. ALASKA
SEP 1). 1078
' I I SEP 0.1978
w"++%J-+*
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I I-i-
I I I 1 i 1 I . .
' COLLEGE. A V 6 U
SEP 9.1078 SE? 10.1978
COLLEGE, ALASKA I
SEP 11, 1878 SEP 10.1978 , '
-
- 4 8 12 ' 1 1 , t . .'"
20 24 U.T. - - \
- 0 - I ,
COLLEGE. ALASKA I
SEP 11. 1878 SEP 12. 1978
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COLLEGE. ALASKA
SEP 12. 1978
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I
COLLEGE. ALASKA 1 SEP 13. 1071) I SEP 14.1071)
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COLLEGE. ALASKA
SEP 14, 1978 SEP 15.1978
D
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COLLEGE. ALASKA
SEP 1.5.1~78 SEP 16, ion I l l I
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COLLEGE. ALASKA
20
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COLLEGE, ALASKA
SEP 18.1978 SEP 19.1978
?-YC
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COLLEGE, A m
SEP17.1WE
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COLLEGE. ALASKA i SEP 20, 1978
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SEP 18, 1078 1
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SEP 22,1078 l 1 I SEP 21,1978
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COLLEGE, A- I ' l i ' l
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COLLEGE. ALASKA
S E P Z . 1078 SEP n. 1978
,, > ', - D - y W+/,$
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SEP23.1078 SEP 24.1978
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SEP 18.1978 SEP 27.1978
4 '! 24 ? % - a,, . , ' "'\ 8 12
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SEP 28,1978
COLLEGE. ALASKA b t SEP 1). 1878 OCT 1. 1978
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COLLEGE. ALASKA
SEP 29.1878 SEP 30,1978
P ! b - y H f , d
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