Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Grain: World Markets and Trade
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board - USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service January 2018
Rising Russian Grain Supplies Drive Record Exports
For email subscription, click here to register: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAFAS/subscriber/new
With bumper supplies, Russian grain exports overall are forecast to reach record levels in 2017/18. The expansion is primarily driven by record wheat exports, set to exceed both the United States and the European Union. Corn and barley exports are forecast to be the second-highest on record. Russian barley and wheat exports each account for nearly one-fifth of global trade, while corn exports account for a small share in the world market. Russia’s ability to export has been assisted by favorable exchange rates and low prices compared to other traditional wheat and barley exporters. Another key advantage is geographic proximity to rapidly growing markets in the Middle East and North Africa. Recent investments have been made in Russian port capacity, and the country has the flexibility to use smaller vessels to accommodate infrastructure constraints in nearby countries. Ports on the Black and Caspian Seas give it easy access to the Middle East and North Africa where feed demand has grown in burgeoning poultry industries. Russia’s wheat sales are booming to Egypt, the top importer, while barley exports are strong to Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Libya. Plentiful supplies have enabled it to expand exports to reach markets farther afield in Africa, Asia, and even to Mexico, demonstrating Russia’s growing influence in the global grain market. See pages 5 and 20 for additional details. As recently as the early 2000s, Russia was a net grain importer. Even as its production grew, its reliability as a global exporter was uncertain. For example, from time to time the government enacted export bans – often on short notice – to secure domestic supplies when production was low. In the past few years, production has expanded rapidly with higher yields, particularly for wheat and corn. Because of surplus production, the government is now supplying a much more supportive framework for exports. Just last month, the Russian government began providing subsidies to facilitate grain transportation from production regions. See GAIN report “Decree on Grain Transportation Subsidies” for further information.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2000
/01
2001
/02
2002
/03
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
2006
/07
2007
/08
2008
/09
2009
/10
2010
/11
2011
/12
2012
/13
2013
/14
2014
/15
2015
/16
2016
/17
2017
/18
Production
Barley Corn Wheat
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000
/01
2001
/02
2002
/03
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
2006
/07
2007
/08
2008
/09
2009
/10
2010
/11
2011
/12
2012
/13
2013
/14
2014
/15
2015
/16
2016
/17
2017
/18
Exports
Barley Corn Wheat
MMT MMT
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
World Markets and Trade: Commentary and Current Data Wheat ................................................................................................................. 4
Rice .................................................................................................................. 12
Coarse Grains ................................................................................................... 19
Historical Data Series for Selected Regions and Countries ............................ 40
Endnotes to Grain: World Markets and Trade ............................................... 59
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply
and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.
To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database
(PSD Online): (http://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdHome.aspx), scroll down to Reports, and
Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains.
FAS Reports and Databases:
Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports:
http://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdDataPublications.aspx
Archives World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports:
http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewTaxonomy.do?taxonomyID=7
Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online):
http://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdHome.aspx
Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports):
http://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx
Export Sales Report:
http://apps.fas.usda.gov/esrquery/
Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports):
http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Pages/Default.aspx
Other USDA Reports:
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE):
http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/
Economic Research Service:
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops
National Agricultural Statistics Service:
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
All Grain Summary Comparison
Million Metric Tons
Marketing Year
Wheat Rice, Milled Corn
2017/182016/172015/162017/182016/172015/162017/182016/172015/16
Production
United States (Jun-May) 56.1 62.8 47.4 6.1 7.1 5.7 345.5 384.8 371.0
Other 679.2 687.6 709.6 466.9 480.0 479.0 628.0 691.2 673.6
World Total 735.3 750.4 757.0 473.0 487.1 484.7 973.5 1,076.0 1,044.6
Domestic Consumption
United States (Jun-May) 31.9 31.8 30.3 3.6 4.2 3.8 298.8 313.9 318.7
Other 676.9 703.4 710.7 462.5 472.7 476.7 688.9 720.8 742.6
World Total 708.8 735.2 741.0 466.1 476.9 480.5 987.7 1,034.7 1,061.3
Ending Stocks
United States (Jun-May) 26.6 32.1 26.9 1.5 1.5 0.9 44.1 58.3 62.9
Other 215.1 220.6 241.1 131.1 136.6 140.2 170.9 170.4 143.7
World Total 241.7 252.7 268.0 132.6 138.1 141.1 215.0 228.7 206.6
TY Imports
United States (Jun-May) 3.1 3.3 4.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.3
Other 165.5 176.0 176.0 36.8 43.5 42.8 136.6 138.1 145.8
World Total 168.6 179.3 180.2 37.6 44.3 43.6 138.4 139.6 147.1
TY Exports
United States (Jun-May) 21.8 29.5 26.0 3.4 3.4 3.3 51.2 55.5 48.5
Other 150.2 152.8 156.9 36.8 43.4 42.9 93.7 86.2 102.3
World Total 172.0 182.3 182.9 40.2 46.8 46.2 144.9 141.7 150.8
Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and
exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.Marketing years for U.S. grains are:
Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat
only.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
4
WHEAT: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW
For 2017/18, global production is raised to a new record based on a larger crop for Russia.
Global trade is forecast down slightly from last month but remains a record. Imports are forecast
higher for China but lower for Algeria, India and Saudi Arabia. Higher exports for Argentina
and Russia are offset by lower forecasts for Australia and the European Union. The U.S. season-
average farm price is unchanged at $4.60 per bushel.
PRICES
Domestic: Overall, U.S. wheat prices were up marginally during December on concerns over
weather conditions in competitor countries. Soft Red Winter (SRW) rose slightly by $1/ton to
$183, while Hard Red Spring (HRS) rose $3/ton to $277 and Soft White Winter (SWW)
improved $3/ton to $200. Hard Red Winter (HRW) moved up $7/ton to $224 based on concerns
of drought conditions in the Southern and Northern Plains.
160
200
240
280
320
$/M
T
U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids
HRW SRW SWW HRS
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
5
FEATURE
Black Sea Region Gains Market Share from Traditional Wheat Exporters
The traditional major wheat exporters are Australia, Canada, the European Union (EU), and the
United States, but in recent years the Black Sea region–Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine – has
emerged as a strong player in the global wheat market. Wheat from Australia, the EU, and the
United States is marketed on its high quality, while the Black Sea has been successful at
competing on lower price and location. This dynamic has increased competition rapidly and has
affected all major suppliers in the global market. The Black Sea region will continue to challenge
its competitors, with this year’s record crop in Russia dampening prospects for the traditional
exporters.
Expansion of market share by Black Sea suppliers is most prominent in nearby price-sensitive
markets. The United States has been affected by increased competition from the Black Sea,
exemplified by the falling market share in Egypt, the largest wheat importer in the world, and
Nigeria. Russia and Ukraine, combined, currently hold around 82 percent of the Egyptian
market, while the United States only carries a 1 percent market share, down from 8 percent 5
years ago. Not only has the United States lost its share in the Egyptian market, it has also lost
share in Nigeria. For decades, Nigeria purchased more than 80 percent of its import supply from
the United States, buying mostly on quality. But with the down turn in the Nigerian economy,
they turned to purchasing wheat more on price. Just 5 years ago, the United States supplied
nearly three-quarters of wheat imports, with Russia only 1 percent. In 2016/17, those shares were
radically different at 33 percent and 26 percent, respectively.
10%
15%
14%
32%
29%
Australia European Union United States Black Sea Other
Black Sea forecast to be top supplier of
wheat to the global market in 17/18
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18*
MM
T
Emerging Black Sea vs ROW
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
6
Australia primarily supplies Asia for wheat, since the variety of wheat Australia produces is
excellent for local preferences. Over the last 5 years, however, Ukraine has gained market share
in the Indonesian market, which is Australia’s main customer and the second-largest wheat
importer. In 2012/13, Ukraine supplied just 1 percent of the Indonesian wheat imports; today its
market share has reached 16 percent. Despite Indonesian preference for Australian wheat for its
milling quality, the competitive price for Black Sea wheat has prompted increased purchases to
blend with higher-quality milling wheat.
Alternatively, the impact on the European Union has not been as drastic as the Australian and
U.S. market share. The European Union has been rivaling with the Black Sea region for market
share. The European Union is competing heavily to regain its share of the Middle Eastern and
African markets, after last year’s poor wheat crop. Canada as a high-quality exporter has seen
relatively limited effects on its export market during this time period.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
7
FEATURE
North Africa Wheat Consumption Growth Drives Imports
North Africa’s wheat imports continue
to grow as the gap between
consumption and production widen.
Consumption growth in North Africa
has been steady for much of the last
decade at about 2 percent a year.
Rising populations in the region have
kept consumption growth on a steady
upward trend. In many of these
countries, bread is considered a staple
with prices often subsidized by the
government. This is especially the case
in Egypt. Egypt accounts for nearly
half of the region’s total consumption.
Its subsidy system allows low-income
consumers to purchase “baladi” bread
at a low price, while other wheat-based
products are available without subsidy
through the private sector.
Wheat production across this arid
region has shown very little growth as
it is prone to large weather-induced
fluctuations. For example, in 2017/18,
Morocco rebounded from drought
conditions, more than doubling
production from the previous year.
Egypt’s production has been relatively
high in recent years with substantial
government support. The policy,
however, changed from government-
supported prices to world prices,
which would result in lower
compensation and the possibility of
reduced plantings.
Across the region, imports have filled the growing gap between production and growing
domestic consumption. Egypt and Algeria, the world’s first-and third-largest importers
respectively, represent about 70 percent of the region’s imports. More importantly, they
represent nearly all of North Africa’s import growth over the last decade.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
MM
T
Consumption Growing; Production Erratic
Consumption Production
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
MM
T
North Africa Wheat Imports
Egypt Algeria Morocco Tunisia Libya
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
8
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18
Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
Algeria Imports 8,200 7,700 -500 Slow purchases year-to-date
Argentina Exports 12,500 13,000 500 Strong sales to Brazil and competitive
pricing
Australia Exports 19,000 17,500 -1,500
Smaller crop production data for the
previous year and high prices at the
beginning of the current trade year
Bangladesh Imports 6,000 6,200 200 Large recent purchases from Black Sea
China Imports 3,500 4,000 500 Strong imports from the United States
European
Union Exports 28,500 27,000 -1,500
Slower-than-expected trade and Black Sea
competition
India Imports 3,000 2,500 -500 Increased wheat import tariff
Russia Exports 33,500 35,000 1,500 Larger crop and improved competitiveness
Saudi
Arabia Imports 3,800 3,300 -500 Slower-than-expected trade
United
Arab
Emirates Imports 1,700 1,900 200 Strong pace of trade
United
States Imports 4,100 4,200 100 Increased imports of HRW, HRS and Durum
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade
July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
13,00012,50012,2758,7504,2001,675 Argentina
17,50019,00022,06115,78016,57518,339 Australia
22,00022,00020,25622,11924,88322,156 Canada
27,00028,50027,31934,68635,45532,032 European Union
7,5007,5007,2507,6005,5078,000 Kazakhstan
1,4001,4001,1191,5681,1041,322 Mexico
35,00033,50027,80925,54322,80018,609 Russia
1,1001,1001,0438805931,198 Serbia
6,5006,5006,1775,6054,1354,293 Turkey
17,00017,00018,10717,43111,2699,755 Ukraine
8,9148,7649,35810,23412,35613,571 Others
156,914157,764152,774150,196138,877130,950 Subtotal
26,00026,00029,48821,81123,02331,529 United States
182,914183,764182,262172,007161,900162,479 World Total
none
TY Imports
2,6002,6002,7002,7002,0002,050 Afghanistan
7,7008,2008,4148,1537,2577,484 Algeria
6,2006,0005,5564,7203,9293,354 Bangladesh
8,0008,0007,7885,9225,8697,061 Brazil
4,0003,5004,4103,4761,9266,773 China
2,1502,1502,1102,0321,6271,746 Colombia
12,00012,00011,23611,92511,30010,150 Egypt
6,0006,0005,2866,9165,9793,976 European Union
2,5003,0006,14730127322 India
11,50011,50010,17610,0457,4777,391 Indonesia
3,5003,5002,4472,2182,2533,246 Iraq
5,8005,8005,9115,7155,8786,123 Japan
4,6004,6004,6674,4203,9424,288 Korea, South
5,4005,4005,3704,8054,4714,639 Mexico
4,8004,8005,1914,5034,0863,928 Morocco
5,1005,1004,9724,4104,2444,580 Nigeria
2,1002,1502,0201,7991,9072,114 Peru
5,6005,6005,7044,9185,0543,476 Philippines
3,3003,8003,7162,9313,4993,441 Saudi Arabia
2,6002,6002,4582,0212,6322,664 Sudan
3,0003,0003,6894,8723,4921,759 Thailand
4,5004,5004,5424,4055,9604,147 Turkey
2,8002,8002,7002,6622,2302,224 Uzbekistan
4,0004,0005,5483,0702,2922,157 Vietnam
3,4003,4003,2783,3323,2453,425 Yemen
52,87152,57149,93553,29151,97653,421 Others
176,021176,571175,971165,562154,798155,639 Subtotal
2,6933,0932,9943,3913,1132,055 Unaccounted
4,2004,1003,2973,0543,9894,785 United States
182,914183,764182,262172,007161,900162,479 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Production
17,50017,50018,40011,30013,93010,500 Argentina
21,50021,50030,36322,27523,74325,303 Australia
30,00030,00031,72927,59429,42037,530 Canada
130,000130,000128,845130,190126,208121,930 China
8,1008,1008,1008,1008,3008,250 Egypt
151,600152,500145,248160,480156,912144,583 European Union
98,38098,38087,00086,53095,85093,506 India
15,00015,00015,50015,00013,00014,500 Iran
14,00014,00014,98513,74812,99613,941 Kazakhstan
6,2506,2502,7318,0645,1166,934 Morocco
26,50025,70025,60025,10025,97924,211 Pakistan
85,00083,00072,52961,04459,08052,091 Russia
21,00021,00017,25019,50015,25018,750 Turkey
26,50026,50026,80027,27424,75022,278 Ukraine
7,2007,2007,2007,2007,1506,800 Uzbekistan
51,10551,20555,32955,79055,34055,860 Others
709,635707,835687,609679,189673,024656,967 Subtotal
47,37147,37162,83356,11755,14758,105 United States
757,006755,206750,442735,306728,171715,072 World Total
none
Total Consumption
10,45010,45010,35010,25010,0509,850 Algeria
12,10012,10012,20011,10010,70011,400 Brazil
8,7008,70010,4007,9249,0969,395 Canada
116,000116,000118,500112,000116,500116,500 China
19,70019,70019,40019,20019,10018,500 Egypt
128,750128,750128,000129,850124,677117,300 European Union
100,000100,00097,12088,55193,10293,848 India
10,70010,70010,0009,1007,3657,165 Indonesia
18,35018,35018,10017,80017,50017,000 Iran
10,30010,30010,2009,8009,0009,000 Morocco
25,00024,80024,50024,40024,50024,100 Pakistan
45,00044,00040,00037,00035,50034,100 Russia
17,90017,90017,40018,00017,50017,750 Turkey
9,8009,80010,30012,20011,50011,500 Ukraine
9,9009,9009,7009,3508,9008,400 Uzbekistan
168,129168,204167,313160,377154,153150,704 Others
711,439711,200707,647679,642673,873663,710 Subtotal
30,26430,91731,75331,94231,32834,260 United States
741,703742,117739,400711,584705,201697,970 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
6,6356,6356,8355,1787,10110,398 Canada
128,249127,754111,04997,04276,10565,274 China
12,62212,01910,77215,55712,6979,938 European Union
10,18010,6809,80014,54017,22017,830 India
5,1945,1944,5446,8564,2814,317 Morocco
5,2624,6624,3323,8293,7102,191 Pakistan
16,33016,83010,8305,6076,2875,177 Russia
56,62658,50962,42366,51370,07463,792 Others
241,098242,283220,585215,122197,475178,917 Subtotal
26,92126,13432,13126,55220,47716,065 United States
268,019268,417252,716241,674217,952194,982 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
9,839 North America 9,004 8,378 9,177 10,000 10,100
1,833 Central America 1,834 1,834 1,993 2,025 2,025
14,879 South America 13,132 13,342 16,308 16,645 16,695
3,976 European Union - 28 5,979 6,916 5,286 6,000 6,000
1,858 Other Europe 1,760 1,828 1,970 1,860 1,860
7,528 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,678 7,402 7,358 7,960 7,960
28,447 Middle East 26,928 24,499 22,774 24,020 23,720
25,246 North Africa 25,430 27,873 28,334 28,350 27,850
20,405 Sub-Saharan Africa 20,963 22,865 22,223 24,265 24,265
19,465 East Asia 14,114 16,226 17,355 16,380 16,880
6,722 South Asia 8,164 8,823 15,469 12,771 12,471
17,176 Southeast Asia 20,576 25,483 27,763 26,950 26,950
3,050 Others 3,225 3,147 3,258 3,445 3,445
160,424 Total 158,787 168,616 179,268 180,671 180,221
Production none
98,992 North America 88,237 87,422 98,425 80,921 80,921
19,803 South America 24,581 21,688 28,646 24,538 24,538
144,583 European Union - 28 156,912 160,480 145,248 152,500 151,600
4,228 Other Europe 4,088 4,359 4,749 4,235 4,235
103,824 Former Soviet Union - 12 112,382 117,964 130,477 139,273 141,273
41,708 Middle East 35,414 42,905 39,791 42,615 42,615
19,661 North Africa 17,029 19,976 14,081 18,150 18,150
7,204 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,477 6,433 7,227 7,249 7,149
123,248 East Asia 127,650 131,515 130,148 131,454 131,454
125,917 South Asia 130,057 119,676 120,688 132,180 132,980
25,716 Oceania 24,157 22,689 30,781 21,920 21,920
188 Others 187 199 181 171 171
715,072 Total 728,171 735,306 750,442 755,206 757,006
Domestic Consumption none
50,305 North America 47,274 46,866 50,053 47,317 46,664
27,321 South America 27,090 27,665 28,565 28,790 28,790
117,300 European Union - 28 124,677 129,850 128,000 128,750 128,750
4,857 Other Europe 4,875 4,935 5,035 5,035 5,035
72,755 Former Soviet Union - 12 74,990 77,775 79,070 82,990 83,990
58,764 Middle East 58,357 60,110 60,436 62,190 62,215
42,475 North Africa 42,726 43,666 44,570 45,075 45,075
26,383 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,220 28,571 29,199 30,333 30,333
130,201 East Asia 129,523 125,274 132,255 129,615 129,615
132,041 South Asia 132,306 128,914 139,104 142,821 143,121
16,610 Southeast Asia 19,295 23,131 26,375 25,305 25,305
8,280 Oceania 8,564 8,505 8,740 8,420 8,220
3,480 Others 3,574 3,582 3,834 3,930 3,930
690,772 Total 700,471 708,844 735,236 740,571 741,043
Ending Stocks none
26,988 North America 28,290 32,390 39,840 33,365 34,280
6,776 South America 8,639 4,295 4,836 4,273 4,110
9,938 European Union - 28 12,697 15,557 10,772 12,019 12,622
1,009 Other Europe 1,321 1,598 1,962 1,767 1,767
15,832 Former Soviet Union - 12 20,662 16,770 21,114 26,322 25,822
18,834 Middle East 18,474 19,868 15,957 13,067 12,742
14,045 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,922 14,662 14,162
2,844 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,036 3,213 2,575 2,907 2,821
68,314 East Asia 79,217 100,404 114,270 131,064 131,559
21,661 South Asia 23,109 21,040 16,637 17,557 17,757
3,491 Southeast Asia 3,921 5,413 5,859 6,504 6,504
4,826 Oceania 4,925 4,080 4,534 4,461 3,424
424 Others 445 418 438 449 449
194,982 Total 217,952 241,674 252,716 268,417 268,019
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
12
RICE: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE OVERVIEW Global rice production is raised this month on larger crops in Pakistan and the Philippines but remains below last year. Trade is forecast higher but still lower than last year’s record. Imports are forecast up for Bangladesh and Nigeria, which more than offset a cut to the Philippines. Export prospects are raised this month for India and China, while reduced for the United States.
PRICES
Export quotes for major suppliers were mostly steady over the past month, with the exception of the United States. The U.S. quotes edged up $20/ton to $585/ton, the highest quote since 2014, continuing the trend of rising prices throughout the year amid a much smaller crop. Meanwhile, the Uruguayan quotes are slightly lower at $545/ton. The premium for Western Hemisphere over Asian origins remains large with quotes from the latter between $375 and $425/ton for the past few months. Demand remains strong from Bangladesh, China, and other major importers, with supplies abundant from recent harvests in Asia.
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
$/MT Weekly Price Quotes: Last 4 Years
U.S. #2/4 (long-grain) THAI 100B VIETNAM 5%
INDIA 5% PAKISTAN 5% URUGUAY 5%
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
13
FEATURE
Bangladesh 2017 Rice Imports at Near Record
Bangladesh’s smaller rice production in 2017 triggered a surge in rice imports at the end of the year, causing global rice exports to swell. With near-record imports, it became the world’s third-largest rice importer in 2017. This is a major reversal from near self-sufficiency in 2016. Although the world’s fourth-largest producer, imports are typically a small proportion of total consumption. However, when poor weather reduces the crop, it intermittently becomes a significant importer. This was the case in 2017/18 when the crop fell by more than 1.5 million tons to 33.0 million (see September 2017 World Agricultural Production page 8 for details). As a result, the government purchased large quantities through both government-to-government agreements and public tenders. The purchases were largely from traditional suppliers, such as India, but also new origins such as Vietnam. In addition, the reduction of the import tariff from 28 percent to 2 percent facilitated large private sector imports. For 2018, imports are forecast down slightly at 1.6 million tons. The size of the upcoming harvests will greatly influence the import demand, and, in fact, Bangladesh’s imports often decline after a year of large purchases. For the time being, however, the government has continued purchasing and keeping the import tariff low.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
319
9019
9119
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
1520
1620
1720
18
MM
T
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
14
FEATURE
Peru Seeks to Abate Low-Priced Thai Rice Imports in New Price Band
Peru recently raised its price band on rice to curb low-priced Thai imports. The new price band may not only discourage imports but also redistribute the market share of suppliers. Peru is the third-largest producer of rice in the Western Hemisphere and just under 90 percent of consumption is met by domestic production. Yet even as production has been growing, imports have also been rising. Of particular concern for Peruvian producers have been low-cost Thai imports, which have steadily expanded from a marginal amount a few years ago to nearly one-fifth market share. Thailand has become competitive as its rice export prices dropped in 2014 and have since averaged about 20 percent below Uruguayan prices. The new price band was raised to now be reflective of the Uruguayan price. The lower bound of the price band (import price + duty) is now set at $599-$669/ton, rather than $408-$480/ton. This is much closer to wholesale prices for locally-produced rice. In addition, this upward shift will make it more viable for Western Hemisphere rice to compete, particularly Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. U.S. rice is not subject to the price band through the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement. In the past few years, U.S. exports to Peru have been minimal as they could not compete with Thai prices. However, since the lower bound of the new price band is closer to current U.S. price levels, prospects for U.S. rice exports to Peru have improved. For additional details, see GAIN report “New Price Band for Rice Imports.”
$400 $500 $600 $700 $800 $900
$1,000
U.S. Dollar
Peru Rice Prices (Peru Wholesale vs Imported)
Uruguay United StatesBrazil ArgentinaThailand Peru
050
100150200250300350400
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Jan-Nov2017
TMT
Peru Rice Imports (Milled Equivalent)
Uruguay Brazil Thailand
United States Argentina Others
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
15
TRADE CHANGES IN 2018
Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
Bangladesh Imports 1,200 1,600 400 Strong recent purchases to compensate for lower production
Nigeria Imports 2,300 2,600 300 Growth in demand for imported parboiled rice in urban regions
Philippines Imports 1,700 1,300 -400 Reduced need for imports amid larger domestic production
Vietnam Imports 300 400 100 Additional imports from Cambodia
China Exports 1,100 1,500 400
Competitive sales of old crop, especially to West Africa. Increased ability to expand exports to the region as Thai old crop government stocks are nearly depleted
India Exports 11,600 12,000 400 Strong sales to Bangladesh
United States Exports 3,400 3,300 -100 Reduced exportable supplies
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017
Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
Bangladesh Imports 1,350 2,200 850 Strong recent purchases to compensate for lower production
Ghana Imports 600 700 100 Higher imports from China
Vietnam Imports 300 500 200 Additional imports from Cambodia
Exports 6,200 6,400 -200 Based on near-final trade data
China Exports 1,100 1,200 100 Continued sales to West Africa
India Exports 11,600 12,000 400 Based on near-final trade data
Thailand Exports 11,000 11,250 250 Based on near-final trade data
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rice Trade
January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
430430500527310494 Argentina
325325180165323404 Australia
650650600641895852 Brazil
3,0003,0003,1001,3001,7351,688 Burma
1,2501,2501,1501,1501,1501,000 Cambodia
1,5001,1001,200368262393 China
280280320270251284 European Union
460460440431486446 Guyana
12,00011,60012,00010,04011,04611,588 India
3,8003,8003,6004,1004,0003,700 Pakistan
520520500557371380 Paraguay
160160180198163187 Russia
10,20010,20011,2509,8679,77910,969 Thailand
8108101,000996718957 Uruguay
6,5006,5006,4005,0886,6066,325 Vietnam
1,0571,0571,0281,1341,1731,509 Others
42,94242,14243,44836,83239,26841,176 Subtotal
3,3003,4003,4003,3733,3812,947 United States
46,24245,54246,84840,20542,64944,123 World Total
none
TY Imports
650650600470450500 Angola
1,6001,2002,200355981,335 Bangladesh
600600800786363586 Brazil
575575550500500525 Cameroon
5,2505,2505,3004,6005,1504,450 China
1,5001,5001,3501,3001,150950 Cote d'Ivoire
540580500544575377 Cuba
1,9001,9001,8751,8161,7861,556 European Union
600550600700580590 Ghana
800800725650420520 Guinea
540500540431447387 Haiti
1,3001,3001,6001,1001,3001,400 Iran
1,1001,1001,0509301,0001,080 Iraq
685685685685688669 Japan
700700675500450440 Kenya
9009001,0008231,051989 Malaysia
850850870731719685 Mexico
700700750625575590 Mozambique
600600550530530520 Nepal
2,6002,3002,5002,1002,1003,200 Nigeria
1,3001,7001,1008002,0001,800 Philippines
1,4501,4501,4001,3001,6011,459 Saudi Arabia
1,1001,0501,000980990960 Senegal
9509501,000954912910 South Africa
825825750670580560 United Arab Emirates
13,21713,14713,57812,29112,92713,365 Others
42,83242,36243,54836,85139,44240,403 Subtotal
2,6352,4202,5402,5862,4502,965 Unaccounted
775760760768757755 United States
46,24245,54246,84840,20542,64944,123 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, and so on.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Milled Production
33,00033,00034,57834,50034,50034,390 Bangladesh
7,8207,8208,3837,2108,4658,300 Brazil
12,95012,95012,65012,16012,60011,957 Burma
5,0005,0004,9504,8474,7004,725 Cambodia
146,000146,000144,953145,770144,560142,530 China
4,3004,3004,8004,0004,5304,750 Egypt
107,500107,500110,150104,408105,482106,646 India
37,00037,00037,15036,20035,56036,300 Indonesia
7,6007,6007,7807,6707,8497,931 Japan
3,9723,9724,1974,3274,2414,230 Korea, South
3,6543,6543,6543,5283,4653,038 Nigeria
7,2006,9006,8506,8006,9006,798 Pakistan
11,97011,20011,68611,00011,91511,858 Philippines
20,40020,40019,20015,80018,75020,460 Thailand
28,45028,45027,40027,58428,16628,161 Vietnam
42,23442,05941,58041,02740,60140,514 Others
479,050477,805479,961466,831472,284472,588 Subtotal
5,6595,6647,1176,1337,1066,117 United States
484,709483,469487,078472,964479,390478,705 World Total
none
Consumption and Residual
35,20035,00035,00035,10035,10034,900 Bangladesh
7,9507,9508,1007,9007,9257,900 Brazil
10,20010,20010,20010,40010,50010,450 Burma
3,7503,7503,7503,7003,6153,650 Cambodia
142,450142,150141,448140,799140,334139,770 China
4,4004,4004,3003,9004,0004,000 Egypt
97,75098,00096,78193,56898,24498,727 India
37,30037,30037,50037,80038,30038,500 Indonesia
8,4508,4508,5008,6008,6008,380 Japan
4,8004,8004,7284,2124,1974,422 Korea, South
3,8503,8503,7543,3533,7703,831 Nepal
6,4006,2006,2006,0005,9005,800 Nigeria
12,90012,90012,90012,90013,00012,850 Philippines
11,50011,50011,7509,10010,00010,600 Thailand
22,30022,10022,10022,50022,00022,000 Vietnam
67,48767,08765,71662,69961,93661,420 Others
477,935477,103477,427464,535469,372471,505 Subtotal
3,8113,6524,1713,5804,2843,978 United States
481,746480,755481,598468,115473,656475,483 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
94,00094,50086,50078,50069,00060,500 China
1,3241,3241,474924924610 Egypt
18,30018,45020,55018,40017,80022,800 India
3,4193,4193,4393,5094,1115,501 Indonesia
2,2372,2372,4622,5522,8213,007 Japan
2,3661,9961,9962,1102,4101,695 Philippines
3,8033,8034,8538,40311,27011,999 Thailand
14,70014,01415,37616,75917,89514,912 Others
140,149139,743136,650131,157126,231121,024 Subtotal
9269821,4621,4751,5521,025 United States
141,075140,725138,112132,632127,783122,049 World Total
Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
1,801 North America 1,838 1,855 1,980 1,980 1,995
911 Caribbean 1,174 1,135 1,235 1,235 1,235
1,814 South America 1,686 2,015 1,871 1,656 1,596
132 Other Europe 128 136 140 140 140
626 Former Soviet Union - 12 571 457 566 555 555
6,711 Middle East 6,464 5,716 6,695 6,605 6,605
470 North Africa 396 483 565 485 485
12,658 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,355 12,129 14,015 14,280 14,680
6,044 East Asia 6,686 6,097 6,946 6,896 6,896
2,576 South Asia 1,693 945 3,910 2,600 3,000
5,023 Southeast Asia 5,677 3,883 3,630 3,955 3,655
2,392 Others 2,531 2,768 2,755 2,735 2,765
41,158 Total 40,199 37,619 44,308 43,122 43,607
Production none
6,248 North America 7,285 6,289 7,294 5,849 5,844
1,054 Caribbean 979 869 884 933 933
16,519 South America 16,783 15,783 16,978 16,280 16,472
1,937 European Union - 28 1,954 2,050 2,068 2,090 2,090
1,205 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,185 1,262 1,261 1,222 1,237
2,417 Middle East 2,245 2,392 2,455 2,475 2,475
4,776 North Africa 4,553 4,044 4,837 4,340 4,340
14,387 Sub-Saharan Africa 15,193 15,701 16,397 16,025 16,025
157,701 East Asia 159,486 160,179 159,674 160,266 160,266
154,255 South Asia 153,156 152,263 157,145 153,875 154,175
116,867 Southeast Asia 115,367 111,317 116,807 118,821 119,591
1,339 Others 1,204 815 1,278 1,293 1,261
478,705 Total 479,390 472,964 487,078 483,469 484,709
Domestic Consumption none
5,217 North America 5,522 4,814 5,447 4,942 5,101
1,195 Central America 1,199 1,301 1,326 1,342 1,342
1,992 Caribbean 2,051 2,004 2,084 2,203 2,188
14,818 South America 14,980 15,067 15,320 15,133 15,388
3,250 European Union - 28 3,400 3,550 3,650 3,750 3,750
1,605 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,507 1,508 1,599 1,582 1,582
9,140 Middle East 9,000 8,562 8,928 9,215 9,215
4,452 North Africa 4,407 4,279 4,774 4,875 4,875
26,514 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,141 27,701 29,582 30,096 30,356
156,184 East Asia 156,400 156,433 157,851 158,515 158,815
143,331 South Asia 143,183 138,819 142,381 144,075 144,125
102,763 Southeast Asia 102,357 101,520 103,381 102,976 103,176
717 Others 558 553 575 585 585
471,178 Total 471,705 466,111 476,898 479,289 480,498
Ending Stocks none
1,184 North America 1,717 1,602 1,633 1,178 1,122
201 Central America 219 267 273 293 261
264 Caribbean 223 234 191 146 161
1,852 South America 2,211 1,710 1,982 1,655 1,793
1,163 European Union - 28 1,151 1,183 1,115 1,075 1,075
1,777 Middle East 1,742 1,134 1,299 1,114 1,114
610 North Africa 924 924 1,474 1,324 1,324
3,001 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,215 2,737 2,769 2,493 2,693
64,694 East Asia 73,483 83,126 90,966 98,381 97,881
24,920 South Asia 21,428 21,471 22,976 20,871 21,221
21,976 Southeast Asia 21,060 18,008 13,049 11,804 12,024
241 Oceania 223 77 228 259 259
166 Others 187 159 157 132 147
122,049 Total 127,783 132,632 138,112 140,725 141,075
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
19
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
$/M
T
Corn Daily FOB Export Bids
Argentina Up River Black Sea Brazil Paranagua US Gulf
COARSE GRAINS: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW
There are few changes this month for 2017/18 global corn and supply use. Corn production is
marginally lower this month with reductions for Russia, the Philippines, and Vietnam more than
offsetting gains for the United States and Pakistan. Global corn trade is fractionally lower driven
by reduced imports for Iran and exports for Brazil. The U.S. season-average farm price is up
$0.05 to $3.25 per bushel.
PRICES
Global corn prices continued to trend upward from last month’s WASDE mainly amid South
America weather concerns, disruptions in the Mississippi waterway, and positioning ahead of the
January WASDE and grains stocks reports. Argentine bids rose $8/ton to $163 and Brazilian
bids were up $4/ton to $165. Black Sea bids were raised $4/ton to $168. U.S. quotes reflected
the strongest growth, up $9/ton to $165.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
20
FEATURE
Russia Becomes Major Player In Global Coarse Grain Trade
Barley Exports Diversify
Ample supplies of corn and barley have positioned Russia as a prominent exporter. Corn and
barley exports for 2017/18 are expected to be the second-highest on record. Russia has gone
from a small player to a top-five exporter in the last decade. Burgeoning supplies, low global
prices, and competitive prices have improved prospects for Russia’s exports to supply both
traditional and new markets.
Historically, the Middle East
has been the primary
destination for both barley and
corn, particularly Saudi Arabia,
Iran, and Turkey. The region’s
strong demand for barley is
utilized for sheep and camel
feed, while corn is used in the
region’s growing poultry
industries. Russia’s access to
the Black Sea and Caspian Sea
provides for timely and low-
cost transportation. Starting
December 2017, the
government began subsidizing grain transportation, particularly in regions adjacent to both seas
to dispel any capacity constraints.
Russia’s outreach is spanning to Asia, threatening market opportunities for major exporters,
including the United States. Record corn exports to East Asia and Vietnam in 2016/17 have
underpinned Russia’s diverse network of destinations compared to 5 years ago. Shipments to
Japan were a record, in addition to South Korea being the third-largest destination for Russian
corn. Vietnam was the fourth-largest – no exports were recorded to the country in the past 20
years – supported by a free trade agreement between Russia and Vietnam that went into effect in
late 2016. Rising production, competitive logistics, and low prices could further spur Russia’s
influence on global coarse grain trade.
56% 18%
5%
3%
18% Saudi Arabia
Iran
Libya
Jordan
Other
32%
23% 7%
6%
32% Saudi Arabia
Iran
Libya
Jordan
Other
Corn Exports and Destinations Expand
2012/13 (Oct – Sep) 2016/17
MMT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Other
Vietnam
Korea South
Turkey
Iran
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
21
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18
Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
Brazil Corn Exports 36,000 35,500 -500 Reflects slower-than anticipated shipments
during October- December
Iran Corn Imports 10,000 9,000 -1,000 Reflects a continued decline in imports from
2016/17
Russia Corn Exports 5,000 4,800 -200 Production cut
Turkey Barley Imports 50 250 200 On stronger demand at the beginning of the
trade year
Ukraine Barley Exports 4700 4900 200 Strong demand from the Middle East
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Coarse Grain Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
29,40529,30526,10525,29021,00316,630 Argentina
6,8256,72510,2656,3897,2867,004 Australia
35,51536,01519,80035,41521,95422,059 Brazil
4,7504,7504,9974,6933,6045,482 Canada
8,5058,5058,17410,97515,0687,841 European Union
1,3001,3001,5391,559792501 Mexico
2,5152,5151,7672,6633,0312,718 Paraguay
9,6609,8609,2618,4659,1557,074 Russia
1,9101,9102,1357647622,128 South Africa
25,61025,41026,86821,45724,20824,125 Ukraine
6,8706,6708,8867,95210,58913,004 Others
132,865132,965119,797125,622117,452108,566 Subtotal
55,36555,36561,79859,23056,41956,776 United States
188,230188,330181,595184,852173,871165,342 World Total
none
TY Imports
5,4255,4254,4735,2244,8634,946 Algeria
1,3501,3503,1762,1211,0231,184 Brazil
2,1802,1801,5381,7441,7071,621 Chile
16,10016,00016,05517,49925,69912,445 China
5,3355,3355,0344,8244,7474,795 Colombia
1,4001,4001,2941,3511,2021,011 Dominican Republic
10,10010,1008,7928,7957,9388,840 Egypt
16,70516,70515,90114,2879,40816,355 European Union
10,40011,30010,0008,3008,0006,600 Iran
1,7851,7851,9251,5051,6012,072 Israel
16,72016,72016,99917,07016,72617,501 Japan
1,7001,7001,5881,7131,4481,443 Jordan
1,3001,3001,106309717444 Kenya
9,7709,7709,29610,19210,24510,499 Korea, South
2,1002,1001,7851,9051,6851,493 Libya
4,0004,0003,5284,0803,2213,485 Malaysia
16,90016,90015,23814,88111,64011,312 Mexico
3,0003,0002,5263,1822,2172,858 Morocco
3,4203,4203,3383,0832,8632,336 Peru
13,01013,01011,83013,99211,11511,332 Saudi Arabia
4,6004,6004,2674,7813,9384,346 Taiwan
1,9001,9001,7451,7131,5251,449 Tunisia
1,2551,0551,7177132,7191,977 Turkey
1,6001,6001,2401,7382,4332,627 Venezuela
9,5009,5008,5008,6006,7004,300 Vietnam
18,97118,70121,57422,54120,60718,809 Others
180,526180,856174,465176,143165,987156,080 Subtotal
4,1043,8743,7084,7284,5885,939 Unaccounted
3,6003,6003,4223,9813,2963,323 United States
188,230188,330181,595184,852173,871165,342 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Production
49,10449,00448,56938,43936,78235,665 Argentina
11,49611,49616,61812,54412,60512,158 Australia
97,78697,786101,57568,64987,67182,634 Brazil
26,20526,20525,79425,61921,99228,745 Canada
223,931223,931227,437231,402222,405225,062 China
13,03513,03512,70013,03514,44213,078 Ethiopia
150,795150,795152,591152,665170,670159,212 European Union
42,24042,24043,89038,70143,07643,216 India
11,35011,35010,90010,5009,0009,100 Indonesia
31,62531,62533,31532,37832,68932,065 Mexico
18,85018,85019,33516,68118,91714,633 Nigeria
41,99542,30040,76537,42740,38635,735 Russia
12,96312,96318,0378,67511,11015,518 South Africa
13,04313,04310,89314,2439,39313,074 Turkey
34,99034,99039,25533,38739,38940,022 Ukraine
160,561160,931161,777158,909164,615156,343 Others
939,969940,544963,451893,254935,142916,260 Subtotal
384,255383,372402,612367,009377,234367,089 United States
1,324,2241,323,9161,366,0631,260,2631,312,3761,283,349 World Total
none
Domestic Consumption
17,38417,38416,34414,32114,23213,695 Argentina
64,89264,89264,03259,82360,00958,053 Brazil
23,24523,24521,65221,25121,29022,345 Canada
261,480261,380252,940238,740228,709223,196 China
16,85816,85816,02715,80314,83214,122 Egypt
160,100160,100160,690157,250162,592164,401 European Union
43,55043,55042,70040,17040,45037,600 India
16,92017,72014,62013,82012,02011,320 Iran
17,06217,06217,24617,25716,87417,570 Japan
48,19048,19046,89544,71542,17540,935 Mexico
19,15019,15019,58016,64118,77614,668 Nigeria
32,71532,60032,12529,71531,13928,219 Russia
14,10514,60513,72514,10511,90511,411 Saudi Arabia
13,71813,51813,09314,09313,02313,414 Turkey
13,40013,40012,90012,2009,4008,200 Vietnam
255,076255,481255,790250,144251,671244,178 Others
1,023,2021,024,7931,029,290942,357965,495931,223 Subtotal
329,030329,282327,479312,597311,339305,044 United States
1,352,2321,354,0751,356,7691,254,9541,276,8341,236,267 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
7,3707,3326,9503,1794,2743,169 Argentina
10,7659,76511,0367,0088,23514,265 Brazil
4,1844,1844,9144,6433,3344,648 Canada
80,96380,965102,492112,051101,91782,544 China
14,00614,01415,11115,45218,88515,565 European Union
6,8546,3547,1147,1747,1345,094 Iran
5,0465,0466,0115,8894,8323,487 Mexico
39,25440,34645,97948,97351,61348,545 Others
168,442168,006199,607204,369200,224177,317 Subtotal
65,32564,23362,16848,11246,94834,313 United States
233,767232,239261,775252,481247,172211,630 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
15,349 North America 16,649 19,953 19,579 21,560 21,560
2,923 Central America 3,456 3,938 3,799 4,000 4,000
2,330 Caribbean 2,444 2,597 2,659 2,840 2,840
13,180 South America 13,355 13,876 14,945 14,660 14,730
16,355 European Union - 28 9,408 14,287 15,901 16,705 16,705
807 Former Soviet Union - 12 745 548 828 720 720
26,241 Middle East 27,608 29,730 30,657 31,775 31,075
19,586 North Africa 18,228 20,819 19,321 22,525 22,525
3,134 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,169 6,133 6,778 4,240 4,240
44,865 East Asia 56,655 49,576 46,709 47,140 47,240
12,814 Southeast Asia 14,694 15,779 13,944 15,115 15,215
1,819 Others 1,872 2,888 2,767 3,176 3,276
159,403 Total 169,283 180,124 177,887 184,456 184,126
Production none
427,899 North America 431,915 425,006 461,721 441,202 442,085
133,105 South America 139,745 123,258 163,349 160,627 160,727
159,212 European Union - 28 170,670 152,665 152,591 150,795 150,795
8,992 Other Europe 10,927 9,271 11,328 7,337 7,337
87,859 Former Soviet Union - 12 91,821 82,551 92,187 89,849 89,544
22,274 Middle East 17,931 23,165 19,700 21,681 21,681
11,581 North Africa 10,927 12,289 9,263 10,807 10,807
101,908 Sub-Saharan Africa 110,183 98,317 113,318 108,558 108,558
227,452 East Asia 225,083 233,945 230,092 226,503 226,503
54,221 South Asia 54,182 50,176 56,351 54,774 54,974
31,006 Southeast Asia 30,949 31,992 34,035 34,808 34,238
12,794 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,193 12,066 12,066
5,046 Others 4,760 4,392 4,935 4,909 4,909
1,283,349 Total 1,312,376 1,260,263 1,366,063 1,323,916 1,324,224
Domestic Consumption none
368,324 North America 374,804 378,563 396,026 400,717 400,465
95,385 South America 98,562 98,752 103,759 107,045 107,045
164,401 European Union - 28 162,592 157,250 160,690 160,100 160,100
7,803 Other Europe 8,347 8,551 8,917 8,047 8,047
56,361 Former Soviet Union - 12 58,273 53,430 55,914 55,524 55,439
45,989 Middle East 45,620 51,726 51,275 54,989 53,889
28,059 North Africa 30,168 32,142 31,073 33,183 33,183
100,887 Sub-Saharan Africa 110,148 104,871 113,636 111,091 111,091
257,340 East Asia 262,458 272,906 286,344 295,300 295,400
48,965 South Asia 52,095 53,185 56,200 57,704 57,804
39,043 Southeast Asia 41,183 43,943 45,857 46,900 46,900
5,754 Oceania 5,846 6,429 6,824 6,131 5,826
10,060 Others 10,340 10,897 11,323 11,686 11,686
1,228,371 Total 1,260,436 1,272,645 1,327,838 1,348,417 1,346,875
Ending Stocks none
42,448 North America 55,114 58,644 73,093 73,463 74,555
21,572 South America 16,017 14,673 21,745 20,503 21,657
15,565 European Union - 28 18,885 15,452 15,111 14,014 14,006
818 Other Europe 1,102 963 1,627 989 1,017
7,399 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,916 6,246 6,703 5,478 5,158
11,819 Middle East 12,617 14,302 11,747 11,673 10,969
5,703 North Africa 5,412 5,875 3,686 3,830 3,825
9,321 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,192 9,011 10,020 8,649 8,647
86,556 East Asia 105,819 116,410 106,718 84,983 84,981
4,025 South Asia 5,187 3,156 4,437 2,901 3,233
4,324 Southeast Asia 4,149 5,021 3,874 3,428 3,402
1,119 Oceania 1,639 1,594 1,820 1,091 1,080
961 Others 1,123 1,134 1,194 1,237 1,237
211,630 Total 247,172 252,481 261,775 232,239 233,767
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Corn Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
27,00027,00022,95121,67818,44812,846 Argentina
35,50036,00019,79435,38221,90922,041 Brazil
1,2001,2001,1001,0001,2501,100 Burma
1,3001,3001,5381,7673951,939 Canada
2,0002,0002,1711,9494,0272,404 European Union
1,3001,3001,5391,559784501 Mexico
2,5002,5001,7572,6623,0122,714 Paraguay
4,8005,0005,5894,6913,2134,194 Russia
1,9001,9002,1107597462,104 South Africa
20,50020,50021,33416,59519,66120,004 Ukraine
4,3154,2156,2905,7138,11410,292 Others
102,315102,91586,17393,75581,55980,139 Subtotal
48,50048,50055,53551,15646,83150,691 United States
150,815151,415141,708144,911128,390130,830 World Total
none
TY Imports
4,7004,7003,9154,3294,1164,156 Algeria
1,1001,1001,1761,042482488 Bangladesh
1,0001,0008279491,536678 Canada
2,0002,0001,4841,5391,5161,456 Chile
3,0003,0002,4643,1745,5163,277 China
5,0005,0004,7484,4584,4964,436 Colombia
1,0001,000964853886928 Cuba
1,4001,4001,2941,3511,2021,011 Dominican Republic
10,00010,0008,7738,7227,8398,791 Egypt
16,00016,00015,24113,7948,90816,014 European Union
1,0001,0009511,027881767 Guatemala
9,00010,0007,8006,6006,1005,500 Iran
1,4001,4001,5151,1521,2941,651 Israel
15,00015,00015,16915,20114,65715,121 Japan
1,2001,200976200600350 Kenya
9,7009,7009,23110,12110,16810,406 Korea, South
4,0004,0003,5284,0803,2213,485 Malaysia
16,50016,50014,56914,01111,34110,949 Mexico
2,5002,5002,1642,2241,9412,349 Morocco
3,3003,3003,1692,9852,7412,232 Peru
4,5004,5003,4203,5832,9042,684 Saudi Arabia
4,5004,5004,1634,6563,8104,179 Taiwan
1,3001,3001,2441,0171,042993 Tunisia
1,6001,6001,2381,7382,4332,626 Venezuela
9,5009,5008,5008,6006,7004,300 Vietnam
15,60515,43519,67219,20018,46516,863 Others
145,805146,635138,195136,606124,795125,690 Subtotal
3,7103,4802,0636,5232,7864,413 Unaccounted
1,3001,3001,4501,782809727 United States
150,815151,415141,708144,911128,390130,830 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Production
42,00042,00041,00029,50029,75026,000 Argentina
95,00095,00098,50067,00085,00080,000 Brazil
14,10014,10013,19313,55911,48714,194 Canada
215,891215,891219,552224,632215,646218,489 China
6,0006,0006,0006,0005,9605,800 Egypt
6,5006,5006,3506,8007,2356,492 Ethiopia
60,09160,09161,45358,74875,73464,931 European Union
25,00025,00026,26022,57024,17024,259 India
11,35011,35010,90010,5009,0009,100 Indonesia
26,20026,20027,56525,97125,48022,880 Mexico
10,50010,50010,7559,54010,7918,423 Nigeria
8,2008,3008,1316,9707,6717,532 Philippines
13,50014,00015,30513,16811,32511,635 Russia
12,50012,50017,4758,21410,62914,925 South Africa
25,00025,00028,00023,33328,45030,900 Ukraine
101,764102,034100,775101,441103,93399,318 Others
673,596674,466691,214627,946662,261644,878 Subtotal
370,960370,286384,778345,506361,091351,272 United States
1,044,5561,044,7521,075,992973,4521,023,352996,150 World Total
none
Total Consumption
12,50012,50011,2009,3009,3008,800 Argentina
61,50061,50060,50057,50057,00055,000 Brazil
14,00014,00012,70012,38112,82012,675 Canada
240,000240,000232,000217,500202,000208,000 China
15,90015,90015,10014,85013,90013,200 Egypt
74,80074,80073,70073,50077,88076,796 European Union
25,80025,80025,00023,55022,35019,600 India
12,20012,20012,30012,10012,20011,900 Indonesia
12,10013,10010,1008,8007,4006,800 Iran
15,10015,10015,20015,20014,60015,000 Japan
9,8009,8009,41010,12310,2509,891 Korea, South
42,30042,30040,40037,30034,55031,700 Mexico
10,90010,90011,1009,60010,7008,500 Nigeria
11,70011,70013,12510,97011,65011,500 South Africa
13,40013,40012,90012,2009,4008,200 Vietnam
170,637170,837166,130164,086162,691157,559 Others
748,074748,974748,349669,447686,099661,861 Subtotal
318,658319,039313,854298,785301,792292,958 United States
1,066,7321,068,0131,062,203968,232987,891954,819 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
6,2676,2675,7621,4592,8981,408 Argentina
10,3699,36910,5696,7697,84213,972 Brazil
79,55479,556100,713110,774100,47281,323 China
6,8336,8417,5426,7199,6266,891 European Union
5,7365,7366,2966,0565,7164,476 Iran
4,5084,5085,4085,2134,0902,603 Mexico
2,1962,1962,9961,0962,4482,198 South Africa
28,18227,68931,21032,75132,67430,116 Others
143,645142,162170,496170,837165,766142,987 Subtotal
62,92861,91558,25344,12343,97431,292 United States
206,573204,077228,749214,960209,740174,279 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
12,354 North America 13,686 16,742 16,846 18,800 18,800
2,922 Central America 3,456 3,938 3,799 4,000 4,000
12,025 South America 12,042 12,462 13,609 13,270 13,340
16,014 European Union - 28 8,908 13,794 15,241 16,000 16,000
452 Former Soviet Union - 12 500 361 374 445 445
13,438 Middle East 15,157 14,886 17,100 20,000 19,000
17,101 North Africa 15,622 16,873 16,796 19,300 19,300
2,488 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323 5,408 6,004 3,380 3,380
33,057 East Asia 34,198 33,186 31,119 32,250 32,250
12,768 Southeast Asia 14,680 15,763 13,927 15,100 15,200
2,330 Caribbean 2,444 2,597 2,657 2,840 2,840
1,468 Others 1,588 2,378 2,173 2,550 2,550
126,417 Total 125,604 138,388 139,645 147,935 147,105
Production none
388,346 North America 398,058 385,036 425,536 410,586 411,260
118,260 South America 127,572 110,079 149,973 148,181 148,181
64,931 European Union - 28 75,734 58,748 61,453 60,091 60,091
7,297 Other Europe 9,132 7,427 9,407 5,484 5,484
47,034 Former Soviet Union - 12 43,951 39,872 47,299 43,250 42,750
8,763 Middle East 7,785 9,213 8,587 9,128 9,128
5,919 North Africa 6,058 6,096 6,130 6,201 6,201
64,995 Sub-Saharan Africa 67,271 60,982 69,293 67,769 67,769
220,582 East Asia 217,995 226,883 221,906 218,150 218,150
34,100 South Asia 34,100 32,861 37,463 36,286 36,486
3,878 Central America 3,588 3,278 3,789 3,810 3,810
30,724 Southeast Asia 30,655 31,697 33,745 34,518 33,948
1,321 Others 1,453 1,280 1,411 1,298 1,298
996,150 Total 1,023,352 973,452 1,075,992 1,044,752 1,044,556
Domestic Consumption none
337,333 North America 349,162 348,466 366,954 375,339 374,958
84,206 South America 87,426 88,171 91,958 95,405 95,405
76,796 European Union - 28 77,880 73,500 73,700 74,800 74,800
5,897 Other Europe 6,297 6,522 6,878 5,995 5,995
21,755 Former Soviet Union - 12 20,807 19,325 19,984 18,660 18,360
19,966 Middle East 21,738 23,502 25,368 29,480 28,480
20,800 North Africa 22,100 22,990 23,420 25,200 25,200
63,399 Sub-Saharan Africa 67,580 66,127 69,122 69,282 69,282
239,185 East Asia 233,127 249,279 263,066 271,650 271,650
29,782 South Asia 32,773 35,140 37,190 38,590 38,690
38,754 Southeast Asia 40,849 43,634 45,547 46,600 46,600
6,625 Central America 6,760 7,180 7,520 7,740 7,740
3,581 Others 3,984 3,909 4,012 4,135 4,135
948,079 Total 970,483 987,745 1,034,719 1,062,876 1,061,295
Ending Stocks none
35,495 North America 49,466 51,549 65,702 68,264 69,277
19,028 South America 13,813 12,332 19,720 18,761 19,861
6,891 European Union - 28 9,626 6,719 7,542 6,841 6,833
529 Other Europe 896 849 1,477 888 916
2,684 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,164 2,593 3,105 2,380 2,380
5,970 Middle East 7,050 7,492 7,549 7,106 7,102
3,175 North Africa 3,259 2,988 2,446 2,737 2,737
7,358 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,349 7,046 8,086 7,045 7,043
84,864 East Asia 103,922 114,710 104,556 83,258 83,256
2,937 South Asia 3,834 2,444 3,418 2,104 2,489
4,318 Southeast Asia 4,143 5,015 3,874 3,428 3,402
634 Central America 759 791 851 906 906
396 Others 459 432 423 359 371
174,279 Total 209,740 214,960 228,749 204,077 206,573
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Barley Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
1,8001,7002,6962,8361,5992,829 Argentina
5,8005,8009,1935,4015,2666,261 Australia
1,5001,5001,7701,1471,3861,714 Canada
6,2006,2005,6838,64410,6424,926 European Union
700600823807479596 Kazakhstan
125125143598126 Moldova
4,8004,8003,6293,7355,8072,791 Russia
505033333718 Serbia
15015020049 Turkey
4,9004,7005,3374,6734,3323,827 Ukraine
858512791170589 Others
26,11025,71029,45427,42629,80323,586 Subtotal
130130125161291336 United States
26,24025,84029,57927,58730,09423,922 World Total
none
TY Imports
700700533864723778 Algeria
1001001097111 Belarus
650650737551489337 Brazil
6,5006,5008,1045,8699,8594,891 China
280280285301249253 Colombia
10010014729846 Egypt
50050044731526958 European Union
4003003246721 India
1,4001,3002,2001,7001,9001,100 Iran
350350376319278304 Israel
1,1001,1001,1971,1541,0971,294 Japan
700700759902759997 Jordan
200200502511412436 Kuwait
1,3001,3001,0851,3241,001681 Libya
500500358958276471 Morocco
8,5008,5008,40010,4008,2008,500 Saudi Arabia
1501502502020100 Syria
600600501696483456 Tunisia
25050291146332596 Turkey
400400400668393468 United Arab Emirates
1,0161,0161,3061,1531,5611,251 Others
25,69625,29628,17827,99728,40223,029 Subtotal
1941941,184-7621,262370 Unaccounted
350350217352430523 United States
26,24025,84029,57927,58730,09423,922 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Production
2,8502,7503,3004,9402,9004,750 Argentina
8,0008,00012,9218,9938,6469,174 Australia
1,9001,9001,2531,8491,9881,674 Belarus
7,9007,9008,7848,2267,11910,237 Canada
2,1002,1002,0001,8701,8101,700 China
2,0702,0702,0501,9501,9531,908 Ethiopia
58,68058,68059,86062,09560,60959,674 European Union
1,7401,7401,4401,6131,8311,752 India
3,1003,1003,0003,0003,2002,800 Iran
1,3251,3251,5501,5501,000944 Iraq
2,7002,7003,2312,6752,4122,539 Kazakhstan
2,0002,0006203,4001,6382,723 Morocco
20,20020,50017,54717,08320,02615,389 Russia
6,4006,4004,7507,4004,0007,300 Turkey
8,7008,7009,9008,7519,4507,561 Ukraine
8,9088,9089,6669,4969,1799,523 Others
138,573138,773141,872144,891137,761139,648 Subtotal
3,0903,0904,3534,7503,9534,719 United States
141,663141,863146,225149,641141,714144,367 World Total
none
Total Consumption
1,8501,8502,0502,1502,0502,050 Algeria
2,8003,0003,5003,3003,0002,800 Australia
2,0002,0001,4001,8502,0001,800 Belarus
7,0007,0006,7626,9606,4717,718 Canada
8,9008,9009,8007,90011,6006,300 China
2,0752,0752,0251,9901,9751,925 Ethiopia
53,50053,50055,00051,37550,93753,400 European Union
2,0502,0501,9001,5201,4001,200 India
4,8004,6004,5005,0004,6004,500 Iran
2,2002,2002,2502,0002,0001,900 Kazakhstan
2,4502,4502,2003,3502,6382,300 Morocco
15,50015,70014,70013,70014,10012,700 Russia
9,3259,8259,82510,2258,5258,625 Saudi Arabia
6,1005,9005,6006,9005,3506,950 Turkey
4,1004,3004,9004,3005,5005,100 Ukraine
17,52817,52818,39618,60516,76017,079 Others
141,824143,124145,900143,221138,070136,183 Subtotal
4,2904,2904,3754,4084,2354,775 United States
146,114147,414150,275147,629142,305140,958 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
1,4781,4782,0281,4491,2171,950 Canada
5,1295,1295,6496,0605,8345,621 European Union
1,1186188181,1181,418618 Iran
8039038537411,522880 Russia
1,5292,7292,3444,0593,0743,389 Saudi Arabia
761761361961332899 Turkey
9689681,2631,6091,5652,071 Ukraine
4,8244,9146,7638,2257,7607,805 Others
16,61017,50020,07924,22222,72223,233 Subtotal
1,3341,3342,3162,2231,7111,791 United States
17,94418,83422,39526,44524,43325,024 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
640 North America 779 615 293 500 500
886 South America 1,169 1,157 1,252 1,115 1,115
58 European Union - 28 269 315 447 500 500
158 Other Europe 124 81 121 120 120
348 Former Soviet Union - 12 239 162 436 265 265
12,537 Middle East 12,399 14,798 13,503 11,725 12,025
2,432 North Africa 2,581 3,914 2,491 3,200 3,200
116 Sub-Saharan Africa 138 31 75 135 135
6,320 East Asia 11,080 7,136 9,413 7,710 7,710
11 South Asia 22 133 339 351 451
46 Oceania 32 7 25 25 25
23,552 Total 28,832 28,349 28,395 25,646 26,046
Production none
15,550 North America 11,918 13,711 14,115 11,725 11,725
5,807 South America 3,794 5,925 4,714 3,842 3,942
59,674 European Union - 28 60,609 62,095 59,860 58,680 58,680
1,228 Other Europe 1,241 1,258 1,333 1,286 1,286
29,145 Former Soviet Union - 12 35,637 32,633 34,136 35,858 35,558
12,043 Middle East 8,653 12,558 9,725 11,235 11,235
4,739 North Africa 3,913 5,275 2,203 3,676 3,676
2,349 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,423 2,482 2,604 2,550 2,550
1,991 East Asia 2,134 2,158 2,297 2,409 2,409
2,261 South Asia 2,340 2,116 1,972 2,262 2,262
9,580 Oceania 9,052 9,430 13,266 8,340 8,340
144,367 Total 141,714 149,641 146,225 141,863 141,663
Domestic Consumption none
13,243 North America 11,556 12,293 12,087 12,190 12,190
3,578 South America 3,398 3,633 3,574 3,365 3,365
53,400 European Union - 28 50,937 51,375 55,000 53,500 53,500
1,334 Other Europe 1,414 1,373 1,404 1,387 1,387
23,460 Former Soviet Union - 12 25,524 24,002 25,511 26,398 25,998
24,410 Middle East 22,186 26,775 24,468 24,136 24,036
6,282 North Africa 7,120 8,203 6,697 7,028 7,028
2,453 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,471 2,595 2,633 2,680 2,680
8,009 East Asia 13,162 9,481 11,441 10,486 10,486
1,713 South Asia 1,923 2,053 2,468 2,638 2,638
3,240 Oceania 3,450 3,750 3,900 3,360 3,160
141,122 Total 143,141 145,533 149,183 147,168 146,468
Ending Stocks none
3,974 North America 3,326 4,058 4,759 3,162 3,162
867 South America 792 1,060 662 444 504
5,621 European Union - 28 5,834 6,060 5,649 5,129 5,129
237 Other Europe 160 79 97 66 66
3,670 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,752 2,963 2,812 2,327 2,127
5,781 Middle East 5,508 6,755 4,154 4,528 3,828
2,505 North Africa 2,105 2,838 1,186 1,039 1,034
337 Sub-Saharan Africa 434 339 378 383 383
1,038 East Asia 1,090 904 1,173 806 806
247 South Asia 259 274 214 249 189
747 Oceania 1,173 1,115 1,311 701 716
25,024 Total 24,433 26,445 22,395 18,834 17,944
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Sorghum Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
600600457772954953 Argentina
6006005427171,701408 Australia
30303423911 China
202015257575 Ethiopia
5050247412288 India
1001001005010050 Nigeria
150150164120156229 Ukraine
100100243116199219 Others
1,6501,6501,5791,8973,3162,033 Subtotal
6,7006,7006,0907,8719,2695,714 United States
8,3508,3507,6699,76812,5857,747 World Total
none
TY Imports
1501504213498109 Chile
6,3006,3005,2098,28410,1624,161 China
50500640104 Colombia
150150194119131184 European Union
5505505616499031,003 Japan
10010013010511794 Kenya
20020054866129162 Mexico
80801001208661 South Africa
150150501987108 South Sudan
20020010020012075 Sudan
350350463593416652 Others
8,2808,2807,39710,94812,1496,713 Subtotal
2020228-1,2784091,031 Unaccounted
50504498273 United States
8,3508,3507,6699,76812,5857,747 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Production
3,5003,5003,4003,3753,5004,400 Argentina
1,9001,9009911,7912,2091,282 Australia
1,8061,8061,8651,0322,0551,890 Brazil
1,8001,8001,6801,4361,7081,880 Burkina
1,1501,1501,1501,1501,1501,260 Cameroon
1,1001,1001,4601,266922800 Chad
3,8503,8503,8002,7502,8852,892 China
3,7653,7653,6003,9004,3393,829 Ethiopia
4,5004,5004,5704,2385,4455,542 India
1,3001,3001,3941,5271,272820 Mali
4,6004,6004,7005,5876,2708,500 Mexico
1,7001,7001,8081,8771,4261,320 Niger
6,5506,5506,8875,6646,7415,300 Nigeria
4,5004,5005,8642,3886,2814,524 Sudan
800800800820883832 Tanzania
7,3077,3077,0397,4318,1647,509 Others
50,12850,12851,00846,23255,25052,580 Subtotal
9,2429,03312,19915,15810,9889,966 United States
59,37059,16163,20761,39066,23862,546 World Total
none
Total Consumption
2,9002,9003,1002,9002,8002,700 Argentina
1,0001,005675905505905 Australia
1,8001,8001,7001,1502,0002,000 Brazil
1,7601,7601,6401,4651,7001,900 Burkina
1,1501,1501,1801,1751,1751,275 Cameroon
1,1601,1601,4701,270930900 Chad
10,20010,2008,80011,00012,9006,800 China
3,8003,8003,7504,1004,1003,900 Ethiopia
4,5004,5004,5004,6005,1005,200 India
1,3501,3501,3941,5271,200950 Mali
4,8004,8005,3506,3006,6008,300 Mexico
1,8501,8501,9001,8201,4501,300 Niger
6,4506,4506,7875,5646,6915,258 Nigeria
8408407608301,050790 South Sudan
4,8004,8005,8143,1006,0004,600 Sudan
8,5628,5628,2178,8849,5069,046 Others
57,04557,05057,17156,13463,52656,929 Subtotal
2,9222,7946,2126,1872,4594,130 United States
59,96759,84463,38362,32165,98561,059 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
8528528529529711,202 Argentina
200191100234252177 Australia
21121121551194152 Brazil
812812892717706568 China
184184184286338647 Mexico
190190190180130180 Nigeria
196196301226743357 Sudan
1,2641,2571,5391,7232,4281,830 Others
3,9093,8934,2734,3695,7625,113 Subtotal
617538850930468864 United States
4,5264,4315,1235,2996,2305,977 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
165 North America 56 759 592 250 250
240 South America 114 212 48 235 235
184 European Union - 28 131 119 194 150 150
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
233 Middle East 24 34 45 30 30
41 North Africa 1 1 5 0 0
511 Sub-Saharan Africa 662 663 675 695 695
5,281 East Asia 11,142 9,011 5,823 6,905 6,905
46 Southeast Asia 14 16 17 15 15
15 Others 32 231 42 50 50
6,716 Total 12,176 11,046 7,441 8,330 8,330
Production none
18,466 North America 17,258 20,745 16,899 13,633 13,842
327 Central America 326 337 326 335 335
112 Caribbean 125 123 118 91 91
7,468 South America 6,967 5,682 6,179 6,428 6,428
703 European Union - 28 887 674 639 659 659
706 Middle East 821 697 695 625 625
767 North Africa 809 752 755 755 755
23,748 Sub-Saharan Africa 28,122 23,208 27,778 25,953 25,953
2,895 East Asia 2,887 2,752 3,802 3,852 3,852
5,661 South Asia 5,548 4,383 4,700 4,630 4,630
57 Southeast Asia 55 55 50 50 50
1,282 Oceania 2,209 1,791 991 1,900 1,900
354 Others 224 191 275 250 250
62,546 Total 66,238 61,390 63,207 59,161 59,370
Domestic Consumption none
12,430 North America 9,059 12,487 11,562 7,594 7,722
317 Central America 321 345 321 335 335
112 Caribbean 125 123 120 91 91
6,062 South America 6,362 5,409 5,843 6,016 6,016
880 European Union - 28 995 800 790 800 800
828 Middle East 976 740 742 660 660
813 North Africa 785 752 755 755 755
24,183 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,751 24,383 28,208 26,813 26,813
7,951 East Asia 13,882 11,733 9,417 10,807 10,807
5,334 South Asia 5,235 4,956 4,646 4,680 4,680
64 Southeast Asia 95 69 70 60 60
905 Oceania 505 905 675 1,005 1,000
75 Others 75 75 100 105 105
59,954 Total 66,166 62,777 63,249 59,721 59,844
Ending Stocks none
1,511 North America 806 1,216 1,034 722 801
21 Central America 26 13 13 8 8
1,548 South America 1,310 1,140 1,122 1,134 1,134
18 European Union - 28 27 16 31 35 35
27 Middle East 39 35 24 19 19
22 North Africa 47 48 53 53 53
1,586 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,302 1,609 1,545 1,210 1,210
627 East Asia 765 772 944 864 864
364 South Asia 587 151 198 141 148
177 Oceania 252 234 100 191 200
76 Others 69 65 59 54 54
5,977 Total 6,230 5,299 5,123 4,431 4,526
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Oats Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
350250455214264267 Australia
1,8001,8001,5571,6671,7341,732 Canada
303027268449 Chile
200200179220231291 European Union
101012506 Kazakhstan
10101416146 Russia
50501948466 Ukraine
1010681010 Others
2,4602,3602,2692,2042,3832,367 Subtotal
303044362529 United States
2,4902,3902,3132,2402,4082,396 World Total
none
TY Imports
252525312412 Algeria
556443 Bosnia and Herzegovina
101018111227 Canada
300200278172162116 China
551122 Colombia
303030382121 Ecuador
553943 European Union
505048504746 Japan
100100119778693 Mexico
5537438 Norway
5511411 Russia
550122 Serbia
303024314619 South Africa
505054414951 Switzerland
555040 Turkey
5596107 Others
635535634483478441 Subtotal
15515514022516289 Unaccounted
1,7001,7001,5391,5321,7681,866 United States
2,4902,3902,3132,2402,4082,396 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Production
110110110110110110 Algeria
660660785553525445 Argentina
1,1001,1002,1261,3001,1981,255 Australia
500500390492522352 Belarus
682682828351307380 Brazil
3,7003,7003,1953,4282,9793,906 Canada
670670713533421610 Chile
190190185180255235 China
8,0738,0738,0367,5247,8218,380 European Union
270270335244226305 Kazakhstan
909072859391 Mexico
300300330286283224 Norway
5,4404,9004,7504,5275,2674,932 Russia
210210210210210210 Turkey
500500500498610467 Ukraine
328328344320291319 Others
22,82322,28322,90920,64121,11822,221 Subtotal
7177179401,3001,019938 United States
23,54023,00023,84921,94122,13723,159 World Total
none
Total Consumption
135135132141126118 Algeria
690690760550525425 Argentina
9501,0501,5001,025950950 Australia
500500400500500375 Belarus
705705775345305375 Brazil
1,9001,9001,8141,6111,6761,660 Canada
660660655485355570 Chile
480380440370400350 China
7,8007,8008,0007,4007,7308,075 European Union
275275274245225275 Kazakhstan
190190195190175185 Mexico
320320315295295245 Norway
5,4004,9004,8004,6005,2004,900 Russia
215215210210215215 Turkey
450450450450600475 Ukraine
510510519482466492 Others
21,31020,81021,43919,05919,74519,905 Subtotal
2,7122,7122,5392,7022,4472,757 United States
24,02223,52223,97821,76122,19222,662 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
11416131414393105 Australia
7007006909306731,054 Canada
707090622745 Chile
657657579690770894 European Union
606075273334 Kazakhstan
182142147199289230 Russia
656565433867 Ukraine
221227291193228198 Others
2,0692,0822,2512,2872,1512,627 Subtotal
431431731824780359 United States
2,5002,5132,9823,1112,9312,986 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
1,986 North America 1,866 1,620 1,676 1,810 1,810
29 South America 30 45 36 40 40
3 European Union - 28 4 9 3 5 5
94 Other Europe 62 53 63 65 65
2 Former Soviet Union - 12 1 4 11 5 5
0 Middle East 4 0 5 5 5
12 North Africa 24 31 29 25 25
19 Sub-Saharan Africa 46 31 24 30 30
162 East Asia 209 222 326 250 350
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
2,307 Total 2,246 2,015 2,173 2,235 2,335
Production none
4,935 North America 4,091 4,813 4,207 4,507 4,507
1,478 South America 1,281 1,478 2,372 2,055 2,055
8,380 European Union - 28 7,821 7,524 8,036 8,073 8,073
359 Other Europe 411 418 464 423 423
6,062 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,631 5,767 5,981 6,176 6,716
210 Middle East 210 210 210 210 210
156 North Africa 147 166 175 175 175
59 Sub-Saharan Africa 55 55 55 55 55
237 East Asia 257 181 186 191 191
1,283 Oceania 1,233 1,329 2,163 1,135 1,135
23,159 Total 22,137 21,941 23,849 23,000 23,540
Domestic Consumption none
4,602 North America 4,298 4,503 4,548 4,802 4,802
1,447 South America 1,245 1,445 2,273 2,138 2,138
8,075 European Union - 28 7,730 7,400 8,000 7,800 7,800
435 Other Europe 479 484 506 506 506
6,031 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,531 5,801 5,930 6,131 6,631
215 Middle East 215 210 210 215 215
164 North Africa 163 197 201 200 200
95 Sub-Saharan Africa 94 87 85 85 85
400 East Asia 450 420 490 430 530
978 Oceania 985 1,054 1,535 1,085 985
22,442 Total 22,190 21,601 23,778 23,392 23,892
Ending Stocks none
1,417 North America 1,459 1,758 1,425 1,135 1,135
129 South America 102 141 241 164 158
894 European Union - 28 770 690 579 657 657
52 Other Europe 46 35 53 35 35
346 Former Soviet Union - 12 397 298 306 286 326
8 Middle East 6 6 6 6 6
1 North Africa 1 1 1 1 1
11 Sub-Saharan Africa 18 17 11 11 11
23 East Asia 39 22 44 55 55
105 Oceania 93 143 316 163 116
2,986 Total 2,931 3,111 2,982 2,513 2,500
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rye Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
TY Exports
202082400 Belarus
1501501321128997 Canada
100100139160167201 European Union
5050292312183 Russia
101014211359 Ukraine
000011 Others
330330322340391441 Subtotal
554636 United States
335335326346394447 World Total
none
TY Imports
505016509696 European Union
15154121833 Israel
202024162237 Japan
554548 Korea, South
101042621 Norway
554555 Russia
552366 Switzerland
0031661 Others
11011061109163207 Subtotal
25259320-3136 Unaccounted
200200172217262204 United States
335335326346394447 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Dec
2017/18
Jan
none
Production
828279619752 Argentina
800800651753867648 Belarus
320320415226218223 Canada
7,5177,5177,4937,8338,86410,151 European Union
2,5402,5002,5382,0843,2793,360 Russia
350350350350300365 Turkey
450450390394475638 Ukraine
155155145178176130 Others
12,21412,17412,06111,87914,27615,567 Subtotal
246246342295183194 United States
12,46012,42012,40312,17414,45915,761 World Total
none
Total Consumption
828279619752 Argentina
262625221919 Australia
800800700800850700 Belarus
160160169119134107 Canada
7,6007,6007,7008,0258,6009,650 European Union
353533376540 Kazakhstan
525223674635 Norway
2,6002,4002,4002,1503,2503,100 Russia
350350350350325350 Turkey
460460380420475625 Ukraine
1031039490108142 Others
12,28912,09011,97412,16313,97414,815 Subtotal
448447499515406424 United States
12,73712,53712,47312,67814,38015,239 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
30305099166149 Belarus
165165155514244 Canada
6846848171,0841,3861,204 European Union
7712448 Kazakhstan
181341286155264344 Russia
141414141433 Turkey
53537375106128 Ukraine
001234 Others
1,1341,2941,4081,4841,9851,914 Subtotal
15151812157 United States
1,1491,3091,4261,4962,0001,921 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Dec
2017/18
Jan
2017/18
TY Imports none
204 North America 262 217 172 200 200
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
96 European Union - 28 96 50 16 50 50
28 Other Europe 12 5 6 15 15
5 Former Soviet Union - 12 5 21 7 5 5
33 Middle East 24 12 4 15 15
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
45 East Asia 26 21 28 25 25
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
411 Total 425 326 233 310 310
Production none
417 North America 401 521 757 566 566
59 South America 106 69 91 94 94
10,151 European Union - 28 8,864 7,833 7,493 7,517 7,517
57 Other Europe 83 108 64 84 84
4,689 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,682 3,268 3,620 3,780 3,820
365 Middle East 300 350 350 350 350
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
0 East Asia 0 0 0 0 0
20 Oceania 20 22 25 26 26
15,761 Total 14,459 12,174 12,403 12,420 12,460
Domestic Consumption none
531 North America 540 634 668 607 608
59 South America 106 69 91 94 94
9,650 European Union - 28 8,600 8,025 7,700 7,600 7,600
86 Other Europe 97 112 69 99 99
4,465 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,640 3,407 3,513 3,695 3,895
383 Middle East 343 362 354 365 365
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
48 East Asia 27 22 29 26 26
19 Oceania 19 22 25 26 26
15,244 Total 14,375 12,656 12,452 12,515 12,716
Ending Stocks none
51 North America 57 63 173 180 180
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
1,204 European Union - 28 1,386 1,084 817 684 684
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
629 Former Soviet Union - 12 540 333 421 431 271
33 Middle East 14 14 14 14 14
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
4 East Asia 3 2 1 0 0
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
1,921 Total 2,000 1,496 1,426 1,309 1,149
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
40
HISTORICAL DATA SERIES FOR
SELECTED REGIONS AND
COUNTRIES
CONTENTS
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand ............................................... 41
China: Grain Supply and Demand ................................................................ 42
Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand .................................................... 43
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand ........................................ 44
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................ 48
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................... 50
Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................ 52
Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ............................ 53
U.S. Grains: Supply and Distribution……………………………. .... ……..54
Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand ................................. 55
World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand ............................... 56
World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand .............................................. 57
World Rice: Supply and Demand ................................................................. 58
DG F/SA &F
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
125.7 126.260.213.95.25.124.7 2006/07 14.8
120.8 117.252.412.46.84.924.9 2007/08 12.8
151.9 127.660.525.47.75.726.8 2008/09 19.4
139.7 125.657.522.35.45.426.0 2009/10 16.6
136.7 122.852.523.14.65.326.0 2010/11 11.9
138.2 127.257.516.77.45.325.8 2011/12 13.5
133.9 119.351.022.85.35.226.0 2012/13 10.7
144.6 117.349.032.04.05.625.9 2013/14 9.9
156.9 124.755.035.56.05.926.7 2014/15 12.7
160.5 129.959.034.76.96.026.8 2015/16 15.6
145.2 128.056.027.35.35.327.3 2016/17 10.8
151.6 128.857.027.06.05.726.5 2017/18 12.6
Coarse Grains
140.3 150.9112.94.58.14.332.4 2006/07 15.7
138.8 157.2121.64.520.34.232.7 2007/08 13.1
165.2 154.5116.15.73.14.834.1 2008/09 21.3
158.0 152.8114.83.02.94.833.0 2009/10 26.3
143.2 155.0116.96.28.54.730.2 2010/11 16.9
150.1 151.7113.26.57.05.030.2 2011/12 15.7
146.2 153.3113.77.411.84.631.4 2012/13 13.1
159.2 164.4122.48.616.35.131.5 2013/14 15.6
170.7 162.6121.614.09.25.530.8 2014/15 18.9
152.7 157.3117.113.114.35.130.2 2015/16 15.5
152.6 160.7120.18.115.85.229.4 2016/17 15.1
150.8 160.1119.58.516.75.129.5 2017/18 14.0
Wheat and Coarse Grains
265.9 277.1173.118.513.24.757.1 2006/07 30.5
259.6 274.3174.116.927.14.557.5 2007/08 25.9
317.2 282.1176.631.110.85.260.9 2008/09 40.7
297.7 278.4172.325.38.25.059.0 2009/10 42.9
279.9 277.8169.429.313.15.056.3 2010/11 28.8
288.3 278.9170.723.314.35.156.1 2011/12 29.3
280.1 272.6164.730.217.14.957.4 2012/13 23.8
303.8 281.7171.440.720.35.357.4 2013/14 25.5
327.6 287.3176.649.415.25.757.5 2014/15 31.6
313.1 287.1176.147.821.25.557.0 2015/16 31.0
297.8 288.7176.135.421.15.356.7 2016/17 25.9
302.4 288.9176.535.522.75.456.0 2017/18 26.6
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
China: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
108.5 102.04.02.80.44.623.6 2006/07 38.6
109.3 106.08.02.80.04.623.7 2007/08 39.1
112.5 105.58.00.70.54.823.6 2008/09 45.8
115.1 107.010.00.91.44.724.3 2009/10 54.4
115.2 110.513.00.90.94.724.3 2010/11 59.1
117.4 122.524.01.02.94.824.3 2011/12 55.9
121.0 125.025.01.03.05.024.3 2012/13 54.0
121.9 116.516.00.96.85.124.1 2013/14 65.3
126.2 116.516.00.81.95.224.1 2014/15 76.1
130.2 112.010.50.73.55.424.1 2015/16 97.0
128.8 118.516.50.74.45.324.2 2016/17 111.0
130.0 116.013.00.84.05.424.2 2017/18 128.2
Coarse Grains
158.8 153.2104.75.51.25.131.1 2006/07 38.0
158.8 157.6106.40.91.25.031.8 2007/08 39.5
172.1 160.9108.80.21.75.332.2 2008/09 52.1
169.4 172.9118.80.23.85.133.4 2009/10 52.2
183.5 188.1128.40.22.75.334.6 2010/11 50.1
198.3 195.9131.70.17.95.635.5 2011/12 60.3
211.8 209.3145.70.15.65.737.1 2012/13 68.3
225.1 223.2157.40.012.45.938.3 2013/14 82.5
222.4 228.7158.40.025.75.739.2 2014/15 101.9
231.4 238.7166.40.017.55.840.2 2015/16 112.1
227.4 252.9174.30.116.15.839.0 2016/17 102.5
223.9 261.5179.00.116.15.937.7 2017/18 81.0
Wheat and Coarse Grains
267.2 255.2108.78.21.54.954.7 2006/07 76.5
268.1 263.6114.43.71.24.855.5 2007/08 78.5
284.6 266.4116.80.92.15.155.8 2008/09 97.9
284.5 279.9128.81.15.24.957.6 2009/10 106.6
298.6 298.6141.41.13.65.158.9 2010/11 109.2
315.7 318.4155.71.110.95.359.8 2011/12 116.2
332.9 334.3170.71.18.65.461.3 2012/13 122.2
347.0 339.7173.40.919.25.662.4 2013/14 147.8
348.6 345.2174.40.827.65.563.2 2014/15 178.0
361.6 350.7176.90.821.05.664.3 2015/16 209.1
356.3 371.4190.80.920.55.663.2 2016/17 213.5
353.9 377.5192.00.920.15.761.9 2017/18 209.2
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
3.5 4.60.70.31.53.71.0 2006/07 1.2
3.7 4.81.00.51.93.81.0 2007/08 1.5
4.0 5.11.20.41.74.40.9 2008/09 1.7
3.8 4.91.00.51.73.91.0 2009/10 1.7
3.2 4.70.80.61.73.70.9 2010/11 1.3
3.6 4.91.00.51.94.20.9 2011/12 1.4
3.4 4.71.00.71.64.00.9 2012/13 1.1
4.2 4.91.21.31.94.60.9 2013/14 1.0
4.1 4.91.20.71.84.11.0 2014/15 1.3
4.4 4.91.21.01.84.70.9 2015/16 1.6
4.7 5.01.31.32.04.81.0 2016/17 2.0
4.2 5.01.31.31.94.60.9 2017/18 1.8
Coarse Grains
9.8 9.68.50.90.84.92.0 2006/07 1.3
6.9 7.96.80.10.93.42.0 2007/08 1.1
9.7 8.77.61.50.64.62.1 2008/09 1.1
9.7 8.77.51.40.74.92.0 2009/10 1.4
10.0 8.77.32.00.75.02.0 2010/11 1.4
9.5 8.47.02.30.84.62.0 2011/12 1.0
6.6 7.15.90.60.83.22.1 2012/13 0.6
9.0 7.86.41.90.94.52.0 2013/14 0.8
10.9 8.37.03.10.86.01.8 2014/15 1.1
9.3 8.67.21.60.85.11.8 2015/16 1.0
11.3 8.97.62.50.76.31.8 2016/17 1.6
7.3 8.06.70.80.94.11.8 2017/18 1.0
Wheat and Coarse Grains
13.3 14.29.21.22.34.53.0 2006/07 2.6
10.6 12.67.80.62.73.53.0 2007/08 2.6
13.7 13.88.81.92.34.63.0 2008/09 2.9
13.5 13.78.51.92.44.53.0 2009/10 3.2
13.2 13.48.12.62.44.62.9 2010/11 2.7
13.1 13.38.12.82.74.52.9 2011/12 2.4
10.0 11.87.01.32.43.42.9 2012/13 1.7
13.2 12.77.63.12.74.52.9 2013/14 1.8
15.0 13.28.13.72.55.32.8 2014/15 2.4
13.6 13.58.42.62.65.02.7 2015/16 2.6
16.1 14.08.83.82.75.82.8 2016/17 3.6
11.6 13.17.92.02.74.32.7 2017/18 2.8
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
115.0 80.028.439.78.02.349.7 2011/12 26.6
77.8 71.721.625.47.31.844.1 2012/13 14.5
103.8 72.822.737.37.52.247.7 2013/14 15.8
112.4 75.024.540.27.72.446.6 2014/15 20.7
118.0 77.826.751.57.42.448.9 2015/16 16.8
130.5 79.128.054.47.42.650.6 2016/17 21.1
141.3 84.032.560.58.02.850.3 2017/18 25.8
Coarse Grains
78.6 53.938.024.61.12.927.0 2011/12 6.3
68.3 49.634.919.80.82.527.5 2012/13 6.0
87.9 56.440.730.90.83.029.4 2013/14 7.4
91.8 58.342.233.90.83.030.3 2014/15 7.9
82.6 53.438.331.30.52.928.0 2015/16 6.2
92.2 55.940.536.60.83.327.9 2016/17 6.7
89.5 55.440.336.40.73.327.6 2017/18 5.2
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Wheat)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
13.0 6.82.05.50.61.111.9 2014/15 3.3
13.7 6.92.17.60.11.211.6 2015/16 2.6
15.0 6.92.17.40.11.212.4 2016/17 3.4
14.0 6.92.17.50.11.211.8 2017/18 3.0
Russia
59.1 35.513.022.80.32.523.6 2014/15 6.3
61.0 37.014.025.50.82.425.6 2015/16 5.6
72.5 40.017.027.80.52.727.0 2016/17 10.8
85.0 45.021.535.00.53.127.2 2017/18 16.3
Ukraine
24.8 11.54.011.30.03.96.3 2014/15 5.7
27.3 12.25.117.40.03.87.1 2015/16 3.3
26.8 10.33.618.10.04.26.5 2016/17 1.8
26.5 9.83.417.00.04.06.6 2017/18 1.5
Uzbekistan
7.2 8.92.20.22.25.11.4 2014/15 2.2
7.2 9.42.30.22.75.11.4 2015/16 2.5
7.2 9.72.40.22.75.11.4 2016/17 2.5
7.2 9.92.50.22.85.11.4 2017/18 2.4
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
8.4 12.33.30.44.52.53.3 2014/15 3.2
8.7 12.33.30.73.82.73.2 2015/16 2.7
9.0 12.22.90.94.02.73.4 2016/17 2.6
8.6 12.43.00.84.62.63.3 2017/18 2.6
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
112.4 75.024.540.27.72.446.6 2014/15 20.7
118.0 77.826.751.57.42.448.9 2015/16 16.8
130.5 79.128.054.47.42.650.6 2016/17 21.1
141.3 84.032.560.58.02.850.3 2017/18 25.8
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Barley)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
2.4 2.01.70.50.01.31.9 2014/15 0.3
2.7 2.01.70.80.01.32.0 2015/16 0.1
3.2 2.32.00.80.01.71.9 2016/17 0.3
2.7 2.21.90.70.01.32.1 2017/18 0.2
Russia
20.0 14.19.25.30.12.38.8 2014/15 1.5
17.1 13.79.04.20.12.18.0 2015/16 0.7
17.5 14.79.92.90.22.28.0 2016/17 0.9
20.2 15.510.74.80.12.67.7 2017/18 0.8
Ukraine
9.5 5.54.04.50.03.03.2 2014/15 1.6
8.8 4.32.84.40.02.93.0 2015/16 1.6
9.9 4.93.55.40.03.23.1 2016/17 1.3
8.7 4.12.84.90.03.32.7 2017/18 1.0
Uzbekistan
0.2 0.30.20.00.13.20.1 2014/15 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.03.20.1 2015/16 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.13.20.1 2016/17 0.0
0.2 0.30.30.00.13.20.1 2017/18 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.5 3.62.80.10.22.61.3 2014/15 0.4
3.9 3.72.90.10.02.91.3 2015/16 0.5
3.2 3.42.50.10.12.61.3 2016/17 0.3
3.7 3.93.10.10.22.81.3 2017/18 0.2
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
35.6 25.517.910.40.32.315.3 2014/15 3.8
32.6 24.016.69.60.12.314.5 2015/16 3.0
34.1 25.518.19.20.42.414.2 2016/17 2.8
35.6 26.018.710.50.32.613.8 2017/18 2.1
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Corn)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
0.7 0.60.50.00.05.30.1 2014/15 0.1
0.7 0.70.60.00.05.30.1 2015/16 0.2
0.8 0.70.60.00.05.60.1 2016/17 0.2
0.8 0.80.70.10.05.60.1 2017/18 0.1
Russia
11.3 8.17.23.20.04.42.6 2014/15 0.7
13.2 8.77.84.70.04.92.7 2015/16 0.6
15.3 9.68.75.60.15.52.8 2016/17 0.7
13.5 8.98.04.80.14.92.8 2017/18 0.6
Ukraine
28.5 8.67.219.70.06.24.6 2014/15 1.5
23.3 6.95.516.60.05.74.1 2015/16 1.4
28.0 6.55.121.30.06.64.3 2016/17 1.6
25.0 5.13.820.50.05.64.5 2017/18 1.0
Uzbekistan
0.1 0.20.10.00.03.40.0 2014/15 0.0
0.1 0.20.10.00.03.40.0 2015/16 0.0
0.1 0.10.10.00.03.40.0 2016/17 0.0
0.1 0.10.10.00.03.40.0 2017/18 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.4 3.43.10.30.43.70.9 2014/15 0.8
2.5 2.92.60.20.32.90.9 2015/16 0.5
3.1 3.02.70.20.23.60.9 2016/17 0.6
3.4 3.43.10.20.33.70.9 2017/18 0.7
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
44.0 20.818.123.20.55.38.3 2014/15 3.2
39.9 19.316.621.50.45.17.8 2015/16 2.6
47.3 20.017.227.20.35.98.1 2016/17 3.1
42.8 18.415.725.60.45.18.3 2017/18 2.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Wheat Competitors
Argentina
10.5 6.10.12.30.03.03.5 2013/14 2.5
13.9 6.40.35.30.02.85.0 2014/15 4.8
11.3 5.70.29.60.02.93.9 2015/16 0.8
18.4 5.20.113.80.03.35.6 2016/17 0.2
17.5 5.50.111.90.03.15.6 2017/18 0.3
Australia
25.3 7.03.618.60.22.012.6 2013/14 4.6
23.7 7.23.816.60.21.912.4 2014/15 4.7
22.3 7.13.716.10.22.011.3 2015/16 3.9
30.4 7.43.922.60.12.611.7 2016/17 4.4
21.5 6.83.416.00.21.712.5 2017/18 3.2
Canada
37.5 9.44.223.30.43.610.4 2013/14 10.4
29.4 9.14.024.20.53.19.5 2014/15 7.1
27.6 7.92.822.10.52.99.6 2015/16 5.2
31.7 10.45.420.20.53.68.9 2016/17 6.8
30.0 8.73.522.00.53.39.0 2017/18 6.6
European Union
144.6 117.349.032.04.05.625.9 2013/14 9.9
156.9 124.755.035.56.05.926.7 2014/15 12.7
160.5 129.959.034.76.96.026.8 2015/16 15.6
145.2 128.056.027.35.35.327.3 2016/17 10.8
151.6 128.857.027.06.05.726.5 2017/18 12.6
Kazakhstan
13.9 6.82.08.10.01.113.0 2013/14 2.0
13.0 6.82.05.50.61.111.9 2014/15 3.3
13.7 6.92.17.60.11.211.6 2015/16 2.6
15.0 6.92.17.40.11.212.4 2016/17 3.4
14.0 6.92.17.50.11.211.8 2017/18 3.0
Russia
52.1 34.112.518.60.92.223.4 2013/14 5.2
59.1 35.513.022.80.32.523.6 2014/15 6.3
61.0 37.014.025.50.82.425.6 2015/16 5.6
72.5 40.017.027.80.52.727.0 2016/17 10.8
85.0 45.021.535.00.53.127.2 2017/18 16.3
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Ukraine
22.3 11.53.49.80.13.46.6 2013/14 3.7
24.8 11.54.011.30.03.96.3 2014/15 5.7
27.3 12.25.117.40.03.87.1 2015/16 3.3
26.8 10.33.618.10.04.26.5 2016/17 1.8
26.5 9.83.417.00.04.06.6 2017/18 1.5
Total Wheat Competitors
306.2 192.174.8112.65.53.295.4 2013/14 38.3
320.8 201.182.1121.17.73.495.4 2014/15 44.5
323.7 206.786.9133.18.53.495.9 2015/16 37.0
340.1 208.288.1137.36.63.499.2 2016/17 38.2
346.1 211.591.0136.47.23.599.2 2017/18 43.7
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
25.0 6.95.016.50.08.33.0 2009/10 2.5
25.2 7.35.316.30.06.73.8 2010/11 4.0
21.0 7.04.817.10.05.83.6 2011/12 0.9
27.0 7.95.318.70.06.84.0 2012/13 1.3
26.0 8.85.817.10.07.63.4 2013/14 1.4
29.8 9.36.019.00.08.53.5 2014/15 2.9
29.5 9.36.021.60.08.03.7 2015/16 1.5
41.0 11.27.525.50.08.44.9 2016/17 5.8
42.0 12.58.529.00.08.15.2 2017/18 6.3
Brazil
56.1 48.541.511.60.44.312.9 2009/10 6.5
57.4 50.043.08.40.84.213.8 2010/11 6.3
73.0 51.544.024.30.84.815.2 2011/12 4.2
81.5 52.544.524.90.95.215.8 2012/13 9.2
80.0 55.046.021.00.85.115.8 2013/14 14.0
85.0 57.048.034.50.35.415.8 2014/15 7.8
67.0 57.549.014.03.44.216.0 2015/16 6.8
98.5 60.551.035.00.85.617.6 2016/17 10.6
95.0 61.552.034.00.35.417.7 2017/18 10.4
China
164.0 165.0118.00.21.35.331.2 2009/10 51.3
177.2 180.0128.00.11.05.532.5 2010/11 49.4
192.8 188.0131.00.15.25.733.5 2011/12 59.3
205.6 200.0144.00.12.75.935.0 2012/13 67.6
218.5 208.0150.00.03.36.036.3 2013/14 81.3
215.6 202.0140.00.05.55.837.1 2014/15 100.5
224.6 217.5153.50.03.25.938.1 2015/16 110.8
219.6 232.0162.00.12.56.036.8 2016/17 100.7
215.9 240.0166.00.13.06.135.4 2017/18 79.6
South Africa
13.4 10.64.92.10.04.13.3 2009/10 2.8
10.9 10.75.02.40.43.82.9 2010/11 1.0
12.8 10.75.01.80.04.13.1 2011/12 1.3
12.4 11.05.12.10.13.83.2 2012/13 0.7
14.9 11.55.52.00.14.93.1 2013/14 2.2
10.6 11.76.20.72.03.53.0 2014/15 2.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
8.2 11.05.70.82.23.72.2 2015/16 1.1
17.5 13.17.12.50.15.83.0 2016/17 3.0
12.5 11.75.81.70.14.32.9 2017/18 2.2
Total Corn Competitors
258.5 231.0169.430.31.75.150.4 2009/10 63.1
270.8 248.0181.327.32.25.152.9 2010/11 60.8
299.5 257.2184.843.46.05.455.5 2011/12 65.7
326.5 271.4198.945.83.75.658.1 2012/13 78.7
339.4 283.3207.340.04.15.858.6 2013/14 98.9
341.0 280.0200.254.17.85.759.4 2014/15 113.7
329.3 295.3214.236.58.85.560.0 2015/16 120.1
376.5 316.8227.663.13.36.062.3 2016/17 120.0
365.4 325.7232.364.83.46.061.2 2017/18 98.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Australia
7.9 4.53.33.90.01.84.4 2009/10 1.9
8.0 4.23.04.70.02.23.7 2010/11 1.0
8.2 3.32.15.40.02.23.7 2011/12 0.5
7.5 3.01.84.50.02.13.6 2012/13 0.5
9.2 2.81.56.20.02.43.8 2013/14 0.7
8.6 3.01.75.20.02.14.1 2014/15 1.1
9.0 3.32.05.70.02.24.1 2015/16 1.1
12.9 3.52.29.20.02.84.6 2016/17 1.3
8.0 2.81.55.80.02.13.9 2017/18 0.7
Canada
9.5 8.77.51.30.03.32.9 2009/10 2.5
7.6 7.56.31.20.03.22.4 2010/11 1.5
7.9 6.95.71.30.03.32.4 2011/12 1.2
8.0 6.85.71.40.02.92.8 2012/13 1.0
10.2 7.76.51.60.03.92.7 2013/14 2.0
7.1 6.55.31.50.13.32.1 2014/15 1.2
8.2 7.05.81.20.23.52.4 2015/16 1.4
8.8 6.85.51.50.14.02.2 2016/17 2.0
7.9 7.05.81.50.13.82.1 2017/18 1.5
European Union
62.4 56.841.71.10.14.514.0 2009/10 15.6
53.7 56.641.34.90.24.312.5 2010/11 7.9
51.9 51.235.83.00.54.311.9 2011/12 6.1
54.9 51.035.55.00.14.412.5 2012/13 5.0
59.7 53.438.05.70.04.812.4 2013/14 5.6
60.6 50.935.79.50.14.912.4 2014/15 5.8
62.1 51.436.510.80.35.112.2 2015/16 6.1
59.9 55.040.15.70.44.912.3 2016/17 5.6
58.7 53.538.66.20.54.812.3 2017/18 5.1
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
3.6 1.91.71.80.04.80.8 2009/10 0.2
4.4 1.91.71.70.04.41.0 2010/11 0.9
4.2 1.91.73.10.04.21.0 2011/12 0.2
4.7 2.32.01.80.04.51.1 2012/13 0.8
4.4 2.72.31.30.04.41.0 2013/14 1.2
3.5 2.82.40.90.04.50.8 2014/15 1.0
3.4 2.92.50.50.04.50.8 2015/16 1.0
3.4 3.12.70.40.04.90.7 2016/17 0.9
3.5 2.92.50.60.04.60.8 2017/18 0.9
Australia
1.5 1.21.20.30.03.00.5 2009/10 0.7
1.9 1.41.40.90.03.10.6 2010/11 0.4
2.2 1.11.11.30.03.40.7 2011/12 0.2
2.2 1.11.11.20.03.40.6 2012/13 0.2
1.3 0.90.90.40.02.40.5 2013/14 0.2
2.2 0.50.51.60.03.00.7 2014/15 0.3
1.8 0.90.90.90.03.40.5 2015/16 0.2
1.0 0.70.50.50.02.70.4 2016/17 0.1
1.9 1.00.80.80.03.00.6 2017/18 0.2
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
U.S. Grains Supply and Distribution: Wheat, Corn, Sorghum, Barley, Oats, Rye, and Rice
Thousand Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Production
Production Imports TY Imports Exports TY Exports Feed Dom.
Consumption
Domestic
Consumption
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
26,55231,9424,06521,81121,1683,0543,06856,117nr319,149 2015/16
32,13131,7534,25929,48828,7163,2973,21562,833nr417,746 2016/17
26,92130,2642,72226,00026,5354,2004,21847,371nr315,211 2017/18
Corn
44,123298,785129,90951,15648,2881,7821,716345,506nr1132,680 2015/16
58,253313,854138,86655,53558,2421,4501,448384,778nr1135,106 2016/17
62,928318,658140,97648,50048,8971,3001,270370,960nr1133,469 2017/18
Sorghum
9306,1872,7077,8718,6269811715,158nr53,177 2015/16
8506,2123,2916,0906,111444412,199nr52,494 2016/17
6172,9221,6516,7006,60450519,242nr52,042 2017/18
Barley
2,2234,4089661612353524054,750nr41,278 2015/16
2,3164,375847125952172104,353nr41,038 2016/17
1,3344,2907621301093503273,090nr4791 2017/18
Oats
8242,7021,59136291,5321,4751,300nr3516 2015/16
7312,5391,43444501,5391,556940nr2397 2016/17
4312,7121,57930291,7001,724717nr2324 2017/18
Rye
1251519565217222295nr2148 2015/16
1849915944172167342nr2168 2016/17
154489955200204246nr2116 2017/18
Rice, Milled
1,4753,580nr3,3733,3967687666,1338,76181,046 2015/16
1,4624,171nr3,4003,7047607457,11710,16781,253 2016/17
9263,811nr3,3003,1757757915,6598,0848961 2017/18
Notes: Wheat Trade Year (TY) statistics are on July/June years. Barley, corn, sorghum, rye and oats Trade Year (TY)
statistics are on Oct/Sept years. Rice Trade Year (TY) statistics are for the subsequent calendar year; 'Imports' and
'Exports' columns contain data on the local marketing year: wheat, barley, oats and rye are June/May; corn and
sorghum are Sept/Aug; rice is Aug/July.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat and Coarse Grains
1,218.0 338.81,301.7619.4203.32.2541.8 1988/89
1,327.1 320.01,345.9644.3208.92.4548.0 1989/90
1,417.5 368.01,369.5669.8190.12.6545.5 1990/91
1,355.5 357.61,365.9653.4207.52.5543.2 1991/92
1,431.7 398.11,388.4664.2205.22.6545.8 1992/93
1,356.4 365.41,389.1657.1188.22.5535.9 1993/94
1,393.0 362.41,395.9670.6200.12.6534.1 1994/95
1,338.9 319.51,381.8641.8187.52.5527.2 1995/96
1,490.2 367.91,441.9674.8198.32.7545.7 1996/97
1,490.8 415.11,443.5685.8190.42.8535.1 1997/98
1,481.4 447.81,448.6685.4198.72.8520.3 1998/99
1,465.5 442.91,469.9690.3214.02.9506.1 1999/00
1,446.2 418.11,470.9699.1204.82.8509.1 2000/01
1,479.8 402.51,495.4713.4208.32.9511.5 2001/02
1,444.9 341.41,506.0711.4209.22.9504.1 2002/03
1,473.3 279.01,535.7718.0205.82.9511.1 2003/04
1,642.7 335.61,586.1756.2214.43.2514.7 2004/05
1,598.4 318.01,616.1757.9222.53.1520.4 2005/06
1,585.1 272.61,630.5749.5229.93.1518.2 2006/07
1,694.9 289.11,678.4764.2244.73.2535.0 2007/08
1,795.8 360.31,724.6773.9253.53.3539.1 2008/09
1,802.5 396.31,766.5783.9254.13.4531.7 2009/10
1,748.6 359.51,785.4775.4249.83.3522.5 2010/11
1,854.3 360.91,852.9809.3287.03.5536.4 2011/12
1,793.9 342.41,812.3808.6279.63.4532.5 2012/13
1,998.4 406.61,934.2864.6327.83.7545.5 2013/14
2,040.5 465.11,982.0887.1335.83.7547.4 2014/15
1,995.6 494.21,966.5903.6356.93.7546.6 2015/16
2,116.5 514.52,096.2946.8363.93.9545.8 2016/17
2,081.2 501.82,093.9958.6371.13.8540.9 2017/18
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to
the present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
537.5 155.8545.696.999.22.5216.7 1995/96
581.3 164.4572.7101.4104.02.6227.1 1996/97
610.2 197.9576.7106.2104.52.7226.4 1997/98
590.5 209.3579.1109.4102.02.7219.2 1998/99
587.5 209.1587.7104.6111.92.8212.6 1999/00
582.8 206.1585.8109.8102.02.7215.3 2000/01
583.9 203.3586.6111.9107.92.7214.2 2001/02
569.7 169.1603.9116.1106.52.7213.4 2002/03
555.7 135.9588.9101.7103.52.7207.9 2003/04
626.7 156.4606.2110.7113.22.9215.7 2004/05
618.8 153.3622.0117.7114.12.8217.5 2005/06
596.7 133.5616.5113.1115.32.8212.3 2006/07
611.9 128.2617.2105.0116.02.8216.9 2007/08
684.2 169.4643.0123.9143.23.1224.1 2008/09
687.3 203.8652.9122.2135.33.0225.6 2009/10
649.6 199.2654.2116.6134.03.0216.9 2010/11
697.3 199.1697.5148.6153.63.2221.0 2011/12
658.8 177.9680.0138.3147.23.1215.9 2012/13
715.1 195.0698.0126.7162.53.3219.7 2013/14
728.2 218.0705.2131.7161.93.3221.5 2014/15
735.3 241.7711.6136.5172.03.3223.7 2015/16
750.4 252.7739.4147.1182.33.4221.6 2016/17
757.0 268.0741.7143.3182.93.4219.8 2017/18
Coarse Grains
801.4 163.7836.2544.988.32.6310.5 1995/96
909.0 203.5869.2573.494.32.9318.6 1996/97
880.6 217.2866.9579.685.82.9308.8 1997/98
890.9 238.5869.5575.996.73.0301.2 1998/99
878.0 233.8882.2585.7102.13.0293.4 1999/00
863.4 212.1885.1589.2102.82.9293.8 2000/01
895.9 199.2908.8601.4100.43.0297.3 2001/02
875.2 172.3902.2595.2102.73.0290.7 2002/03
917.7 143.1946.8616.3102.33.0303.2 2003/04
1,016.0 179.2979.8645.5101.23.4299.0 2004/05
979.6 164.7994.1640.2108.43.2302.9 2005/06
988.4 139.11,014.0636.4114.53.2305.9 2006/07
1,083.0 160.91,061.3659.2128.73.4318.1 2007/08
1,111.6 190.81,081.6650.1110.43.5314.9 2008/09
1,115.2 192.51,113.6661.8118.83.6306.1 2009/10
1,099.0 160.31,131.2658.8115.83.6305.6 2010/11
1,157.0 161.81,155.5660.7133.33.7315.4 2011/12
1,135.1 164.51,132.4670.3132.43.6316.6 2012/13
1,283.3 211.61,236.3738.0165.33.9325.9 2013/14
1,312.4 247.21,276.8755.4173.94.0325.9 2014/15
1,260.3 252.51,255.0767.1184.93.9322.9 2015/16
1,366.1 261.81,356.8799.7181.64.2324.3 2016/17
1,324.2 233.81,352.2815.3188.24.1321.1 2017/18
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to
the present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Corn
516.7 133.3536.8365.264.83.8135.0 1995/96
592.9 166.3559.9387.866.64.2141.5 1996/97
574.2 167.2573.3400.663.14.2136.2 1997/98
605.8 191.4581.7404.368.74.4138.9 1998/99
608.1 194.4605.0422.472.04.4138.8 1999/00
591.5 175.1610.8427.375.94.3137.0 2000/01
601.8 151.4625.5436.372.74.4137.1 2001/02
604.1 126.9628.6433.376.84.4137.7 2002/03
627.8 104.7650.0445.879.04.4141.6 2003/04
716.9 131.1690.6476.076.04.9145.3 2004/05
700.2 123.4707.8479.682.54.8145.1 2005/06
715.6 108.8730.2480.091.34.8149.6 2006/07
795.7 127.7776.8500.998.25.0160.2 2007/08
800.2 143.2784.7482.883.65.1158.0 2008/09
824.8 140.9827.2493.892.75.3157.0 2009/10
836.3 122.6854.6506.191.75.1164.0 2010/11
891.5 128.2885.8509.8103.75.2172.7 2011/12
874.3 132.9869.5521.3100.74.9179.6 2012/13
996.2 174.3954.8574.9130.85.4182.8 2013/14
1,023.4 209.7987.9587.3128.45.6182.2 2014/15
973.5 215.0968.2601.8144.95.4181.0 2015/16
1,076.0 228.71,062.2631.9141.75.8185.6 2016/17
1,044.6 206.61,066.7650.6150.85.7184.6 2017/18
Barley
141.2 20.5150.7107.813.42.166.4 1995/96
153.1 24.1149.5106.317.92.464.2 1996/97
153.9 32.2145.8104.112.82.463.8 1997/98
136.0 29.0139.299.517.82.456.7 1998/99
127.4 23.9132.594.017.82.452.1 1999/00
133.0 22.6134.394.616.32.553.0 2000/01
143.5 29.2136.995.517.22.655.7 2001/02
134.2 27.6135.894.716.32.554.7 2002/03
142.9 23.5147.0103.314.82.458.4 2003/04
152.3 33.1142.7100.217.02.757.4 2004/05
136.2 28.3141.097.417.42.555.2 2005/06
136.7 21.5143.598.414.62.456.3 2006/07
132.7 20.5133.691.018.52.455.7 2007/08
154.9 32.3143.199.718.22.855.0 2008/09
150.9 37.2146.1102.317.32.854.1 2009/10
123.0 24.3135.891.015.22.647.1 2010/11
133.4 22.5135.392.121.42.749.2 2011/12
129.1 21.6130.087.622.22.650.2 2012/13
144.4 25.0141.097.323.92.950.6 2013/14
141.7 24.4142.398.130.12.949.7 2014/15
149.6 26.4147.6100.727.63.050.3 2015/16
146.2 22.4150.3104.329.63.048.6 2016/17
141.7 17.9146.1101.926.23.047.6 2017/18
Notes: Coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to the present,
coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rice: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Productio
Productio
n
TY
Exports
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Rice, Milled
490.8 111.6325.714.0332.13.3146.6 1988/89
510.4 120.6336.411.7345.33.5147.8 1989/90
519.5 126.6345.412.3351.43.5147.0 1990/91
522.9 126.7353.314.4353.33.5147.6 1991/92
524.0 123.1357.414.9353.93.6146.4 1992/93
526.0 118.9358.916.6354.73.6145.3 1993/94
539.9 117.6365.520.8364.13.7147.3 1994/95
547.3 118.1368.219.7368.83.7148.3 1995/96
563.8 120.3378.218.9380.43.8150.2 1996/97
575.2 127.7379.927.6387.43.8151.7 1997/98
586.9 134.0388.624.8394.93.8153.3 1998/99
608.8 143.1400.222.8409.33.9155.8 1999/00
594.0 146.7395.624.3399.23.9152.8 2000/01
594.2 132.9413.127.9399.43.9151.6 2001/02
562.9 103.0408.027.5378.13.8147.6 2002/03
585.3 81.6413.827.3392.53.9149.5 2003/04
596.4 74.0408.528.9400.83.9151.4 2004/05
622.3 76.5415.429.0417.94.0154.2 2005/06
625.1 75.4421.231.8420.14.0154.6 2006/07
643.6 80.9428.129.6433.64.2154.9 2007/08
669.5 93.2437.629.4449.94.2158.5 2008/09
655.2 95.2438.031.8440.04.2155.8 2009/10
671.8 99.9445.536.5450.24.2158.3 2010/11
697.4 109.2458.540.0467.74.4159.8 2011/12
706.5 118.8464.139.5473.84.4159.6 2012/13
713.9 122.0475.544.1478.74.4161.8 2013/14
714.8 127.8473.742.6479.44.4161.0 2014/15
705.2 132.6468.140.2473.04.4159.4 2015/16
726.5 138.1481.646.8487.14.5160.8 2016/17
723.2 141.1481.746.2484.74.5160.5 2017/18
Notes: Stocks, exports and consumption are expressed on a milled basis in marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
59
ENDNOTES TO GRAIN: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
REGIONAL TABLES
North America: Canada, Mexico, the United States.
Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British
Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French West Indies,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica and Dep, Leeward-Windward Islands, Martinique,
Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands of the U.S.
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands (Islas
Malvinas), French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.
EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
Other Europe: Albania, Azores, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar,
Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland.
Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.
North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa.
East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia,
Taiwan.
South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives.
Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam.
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
60
OTHER NOTES
Local Marketing Years (LMY): LMY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main
harvest, when the crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed
begins a country's LMY for that commodity (2016/17 starts in 2016); except for summer grains
in certain Southern Hemisphere countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second
year begins the LMY (2016/17 starts in 2017). Key exporter LMY’s are:
Wheat Corn Barley Sorghum
Argentina (Dec/Nov) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (Nov/Oct) Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Oct/Sep) Brazil (Mar/Feb) Canada (Aug/Jul) Australia (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul) China (Oct/Sep) European Union (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug)
China (Jul/Jun) South Africa (May/Apr) Russia (Jul/Jun)
European Union (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug) Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
India (Apr/Mar) United States (Jun/May)
Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun)
Russia(Jul/Jun)
Turkey (Jun/May)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
United States (Jun/May)
For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website
(http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdAvailability.aspx).
Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local
marketing years and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in
time.
Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed,
industrial, feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local
marketing year exports. Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however,
reflect food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste only.
Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables
contain Trade Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for
analytical comparisons: wheat is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye
are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year.
EU Consolidation: The trade figures starting from 1999/00 represent the European Union
(Croatia plus the former EU-27) and exclude all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through
1998/99, figures are the EU-15 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-15 member states' data for
grains are no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10,
plus Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00.
Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat, flour, and selected pasta products on a grain
equivalent basis. (2) Rice trade statistics include rough, brown, milled, and broken on a milled
equivalent basis. (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and
mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis
61
Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries,
and trade to countries outside the USDA database.
The Global Commodity Analysis Division, Office of Global Analysis, Foreign Agricultural
Service, USDA, Washington, DC 20250, prepared this circular. Information is gathered from
official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S.
agricultural attachés and Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information.
Further information may be obtained by writing the Division or telephoning (202) 720-3448.
Note: The previous report in this series was Grain: World Markets and Trade December 2017.
For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production January
2018.
This circular is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home
Page. The address is: http://www.fas.usda.gov
Questions may be directed to the following staff:
Andrew Sowell (202) 720-0262 [email protected] Wheat
Shelbi Knisley (202) 690-2361 [email protected] Wheat
Rachel Trego (202) 720-1073 [email protected] Rice/Wheat
Eric Mullis (202) 690-0752 [email protected] Rice
Yoonhee Macke (202) 690-4199 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Graham Soley (202) 772-4235 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Olutayo Akingbe (202) 690-1624 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA January 2018Office of Global Analysis