United States Army Combined Arms Center As of 4 February 2013

United States Army Combined Arms Center Techniques Army Doctrine Publications (ADP) Army Doctrine Reference Publications (ADRP) [1 per ADP] Field Manuals (FM) Army Techniques Pubs (ATP) Fundamental principles Detailed information on fundamentals Tactics and Procedures Authenticated version on APD Input through wiki version [15 ADPs] [50 FMs] Techniques Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual 2 Doctrine 2015 Overview ADRP 3-28

United States Army Combined Arms Center A Department of the Army Publication that contains the Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application (JP 1-02). Explains the fundamentals of the subject and how these support ADP 3-0, Operations. ADP 1 (The Army), 3-0 (Unified Land Operations), 7-0 (Training), and 6-22 (Army Leadership) are approved by the Chief of Staff of the Army. All other ADPs approved by the CAC CG. Generally limited to approximately 10 pages. 3 VideoBook Demo Army Doctrine Publications (ADP)

United States Army Combined Arms Center ADPs are supported by an ADRP - detailed explanation of all doctrinal principles which provide the foundational understanding so everyone in the Army can interpret it the same way. Army Doctrine (Department of the Army Publication) of less than 100 pages and approved by the CAC CG. 4 Army Doctrine Reference Publications (ADRP) IMI Demo ADRP 3-28

United States Army Combined Arms Center Army Doctrine (Department of the Army Publication) that lays out tactics and procedures: Main body (maximum of 200 pages) contains tactics -The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other (JP 1-02). Appendices contain procedures - standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks (JP 1-02). Procedures require stringent adherence to steps without variance. Describes how the Army executes operations described in ADP. FMs are approved by the CAC CG as the TRADOC proponent for Army Doctrine. There will be 50 FMs. Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual 5 Doctrine Knowledge Map Demo Field Manuals (FM)

Decisive Action Reference Publications Branches Types of Operations/Activities Warfighting Functions Other Echelons FM 3-07 Stability Operations FM 3-90/1 Offense And Defense FM 3-90/2 Recon, Security and Enabling Tasks FM 6-99 Report and Message Format FM 7-15 Army Universal Task List FM 27-10 The Law of Land Warfare FM 6-0 Commander and Staff Officer Guidance FM 2-0 Intelligence FM 3-09 Field Artillery Operations FM 4-95 Logistics Operations FM 3-05 Army Special Operations FM 3-95 Infantry Brigade Combat Team Operations FM 3-96 Armored Brigade Combat Team Operations FM 3-97 Stryker Brigade Combat Team Operations FM 3-98 Recon and Security Organizations FM 4-02 Army Health System FM 6-02 Signal Support to Operations FM 3-01 Air and Missile Defense Operations FM 3-11 CBRN Operations FM 3-39 Military Police Operations FM 3-04 Aviation Operations FM 1-0 Human Resources Support FM 3-57 Civil Affairs FM 3-53 Military Information Support Operations FM 3-34 Engineer Operations FM 3-61 Army Public Affairs FM 4-01 Transport- ation FM 4-30 Ordnance Operations FM 4-40 Quarter- master Operations FM 1-05 Religious Support FM 1-06 Financial Management Operations FM 1-04 Legal Support to the Operational Army FM 3-94 Echelons Above Brigade FM 3-55 Information Collection FM 3-81 Maneuver Enhancement BDE FM 3-63 Internment and Resettlement FM 3-13 Inform and Influence Activities FM 3-38 Cyber- Electromagn etic Activities FM 3-14 Army Space Operations FM 2-22.3 HUMINT Collector Operations FM 3-52 Airspace Control FM 3-24 Counter- insurgency FM 3-50 Personnel Recovery FM 3-27 Army Global Ballistic Missile Defense Operations FM 3-16 Multinational Operations FM 3-99 Airborne and Air Assault Operations FM 3-22 Army Support to Security Cooperation FM 5-02 Operational Environment Special Category FM 7-22 Army Physical Readiness Training

United States Army Combined Arms Center Techniques Publications that contain techniques - Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or tasks (JP 1-02). Each authenticated techniques pub has a draft version on a Wiki site: Wiki version allows input from the field to rapidly change approved publication Each technique pub has an assigned proponent responsible for monitoring input via Wiki and making changes to the authenticated publication. No limit on the size of techniques or how many separate documents. Approval authority is the proponent. Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Departmental Publication On Wiki Site Feeder for changes to approved pub 7 Army Techniques Pubs

United States Army Combined Arms Center 31 Aug 2012: ADP/ADRPs complete Done (except ADRPs 1 & 3-28) 31 Dec 2013:All Doctrine 2015 FMs complete 31 Dec 2015: All remaining knowledge transitioned to Army Techniques Publications with a draft version of each on a milwiki site 8 Doctrine 2015 Transition Timeline

United States Army Combined Arms Center As of 19 SEP12 ADP 1 The Army The Armys Roles The Armys Mission - Fight and win the Nations wars through prompt and sustained land combat, as part of the joint force Trust Trust Military Expertise Military Expertise Esprit de Corps Esprit de Corps Honorable Service Honorable Service Stewardship Stewardship Military & civilian professionals Military & civilian professionals Security cooperation Force Tailoring Entry operations Mission command Support joint & Army forces DSCA Mobilize & integrate the Reserve Components Core Competencies Enabling Competencies Our Profession Combined arms maneuver Wide area security Win the current fight Develop the Future Army Develop the Future Army Maintain reserve readiness All-volunteer force Develop future leaders Strengthen the profession Strengthen the profession Soldiers for life Soldiers for life Our Continuing Duty PreventShapeWin The Army is Landpower UNCLASSIFIED 9 ADP 1 THE ARMY SEPTEMBER 2012 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future 10 1905 1923 1939 1941 1944 1949 1954 1962 1968 1976 1982 1993 1986 The 19th edition of the Armys capstone operational doctrine 2001 2011 1905-1938: Field Service Regulations 1939-2000: FM 100-5, Operations 2001-2008: FM 3-0, Operations 2011- : ADP/ADRP 3-0, Unified Land Operations 1914 1913 2008 10 1910 Reasons for Change Significant recent operational experience Evolving policy and doctrine Joint and Army transformation

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future Enduring Themes Emphasis on Leadership and Soldiers Importance of Initiative Mission Command The Operational Environment Simultaneous Offense, Defense, Stability or DSCA Concept of Combat Power Warfighting Functions Operations Process Joint Interdependence Principles of War Operational Art Unified Action 2008 11

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future New, Added, or Significantly Modified Range of Military Operations Operational Concept - Unified Land Operations Decisive Action Core Competencies Tenets Operational Art Army Design Methodology Operational Framework Eliminated Full Spectrum Operations Spectrum of Conflict Operational Themes Changes 2008 12

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future 13

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future Range of Military Operations Arms Control and Disarmament (JP 3-0)Noncombatant Evacuation (JP 3-68) Civil Support/DSCA (JP 3-28 and FM 3-28)Peace Operations (JP 3-07.3) Combating Terrorism (JP 3-07.2)Raid (FM 3-90) Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (JP 3 40) Recovery Operations (JP 3-50 and FM 3-50.1) Counterinsurgency (JP 3-24 and FM 3-24) Security Force Assistance (AR 12-1 and FM 3 07.1) Enforcement of Sanctions (JP 3-0)Show of Force (JP 3-0) Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (JP 3-29)Stability Operations (FM 3-07) Foreign Internal Defense (JP 3-22 and FM 3 05.202) Strike (JP 3-0) Homeland Defense (JP 3-27 and FM 3-28) Unconventional Warfare (JP 3-05 and FM 3 05) Large-scale Combat (FM 3-90) 14 ROMO replaces both Spectrum of Conflict and Operational Themes

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future The Operational Environment A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander (JP 1-02). OPERATIONAL VARIABLESMISSION VARIABLES 15 Anticipated Operational Environment US must project power into region, opposed. US must seize at least one base of operations (maybe more). Threat of WMD will require dispersal of US forces and decentralized operations. Size of theater (space and population) will exceed US ability to control. Operational Environment replaces battlespace as a term. Operational Environment is not the Area of Operations.

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future The Operating Concept The Armys operating concept is the core of its doctrine. It must be uniformly known and understood within the Service... Unified Land Operations describes how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. Unified Land Operations describes how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. The operating concept describes how Army forces adapt to meet the distinct requirements of unified land operations... broad enough to describe operations now and in the near future... flexible enough to apply in any situation worldwide. The operating concept describes how Army forces adapt to meet the distinct requirements of unified land operations... broad enough to describe operations now and in the near future... flexible enough to apply in any situation worldwide. 16 Unified Land Operations replaces Full Spectrum Operations as the Armys Operational Concept

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future Decisive Action - The simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities tasks. - Operations outside the U. S. and its territories simultaneously combine three elementsoffense, defense, and stability. - Within the U. S. and its territories, decisive action combines the elements of defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) and, as required, offense and defense to support homeland defense. - The emphasis on different elements of decisive action changes with echelon, time, and location. 17 Decisive Action replaces Full Spectrum Operations as the Army term for simultaneous combinations of Offense, Defense, and Stability/DSCA tasks. Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) replaces Civil Support

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future Army Core Competencies - Combined Arms Maneuver - is the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground forces; to seize, occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative. - Wide Area Security - is the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations, forces, infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative. - Combined arms maneuver and wide area security provide the Army a focus and construct for understanding how Army forces use combined arms to achieve success. - As core competencies, they uniquely define what the Army provides the joint force commander. 18

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future Operational Art Operational art is cognitive approach by commanders and staffssupported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgmentto develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means (JP 3-0) - For Army forces, operational art is the pursuit of strategic objectives, in whole or in part, through the arrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and purpose. - Operational art applies to all aspects of operations and integrates ends, ways, and means, while accounting for risk, across the levels of war. - Operational art spans a continuumfrom comprehensive strategic direction to concrete tactical actions. - Army commanders plan and execute major operations, battles, engagements, and activities to achieve military objectives in support of the joint force commanders campaign plan. 19 Elements of Operational Art End state and conditions Basing Center of Gravity*Tempo Decisive points*Phasing and transitions Lines of Operations and Lines of Effort*Culmination* Operational reach*Risk (* Common to elements of operational design) The Army does not conduct campaigns. Joint force headquarters plan and execute campaigns and major operations, while Servicecomponents of the joint force conduct subordinate supporting and supported major operations, battles, and engagements, not independent campaigns. JP 5-0, page II-22

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future Operational Framework The operational framework has three ways to conceptually organize operations. Decisive-Shaping-Sustaining Operations: The decisive-shaping sustaining framework lends itself to a broad conceptual orientation based on purpose. Deep-Close-Security Operations: Historically associated with terrain orientation, but can be also applied to temporal and organizational orientations. ADRP 3-0 defines deep, close, and support areas. Main and Support Efforts: The main and supporting efforts framework focuses on prioritizing effort among subordinate units. 20 Operational Framework Decisive-Shaping-Sustaining Deep-Close-Security Main-Supporting Efforts

X X DIV Main X BCT AO MEB AO OBJ SUST X X X XX X FSCL XX OBJ X XX Support Area Deep Area Linear AO Authorities/Responsibilities when assigned an AO Terrain Management Intelligence Collection Civil Affairs Activities Movement Control (air/ground) Clearance of Fires Security Personnel Recovery Environmental Considerations Close Area 21 X X X SUST X X X X BCT AO MEB AO X DIV Main XX X X X X X X X BCT AO X X X Non-Linear & Non-Contiguous AO X X SUST X X X X BCT AO MEB AO X X DIV Main XX X X X X Support Area Close AreaDeep Area Non-Linear & Contiguous AO

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future Other Doctrine

23 Mission Command and The Operations Process

24 1982 Art of Command, Science of Control, CDRs Intent, Unity of Command, Initiative, Mission Orders AirLand Battle (1982) War & MOOTW (1993) FSO (2001) Unified Land Operations (2012) FSO/ Modular Force (2008) Cold War Panama Desert Storm Somalia Balkans Afghanistan Iraq Command, Control, Communications Mission Command (Philosophy) Battle Command (Enemy oriented) C2 Battlefield Operation System MC WFF C2 WFF 1993 2001 2008 2012 Constant Evolving Evolving Concepts of Mission Command Known enemy Top down understanding and detailed control Static command post and staff oriented processes Limited network Complex environments across the range of military operations Bottom up understanding and more decentralized control Commander centric Network enabled Persistent conflict Technological advances Lessons learned Mission command replaces battle command and C2 2010

To win in this environment the Army exercises Nature of Operations Army forces conduct operations in a complex, ever-changing, and uncertain operational environment across a range of military operations. Central Idea of Mission Command Mission Command Warfighting Function The related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions. Executed through the Mission Command (A Philosophy of Command) Exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commanders intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. The Armys approach to mission command unifies the philosophy of command with the warfighting function.

- Build cohesive teams through mutual trust- Exercise disciplined initiative - Create shared understanding- Use mission orders - Provide a clear commander's intent - Accept prudent risk The principles of mission command assist commanders and staff in balancing the Art of Command with the Science of Control Mission Command Exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commanders intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. Mission Command Warfighting Function The related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions. Guides As a warfighting function, mission command consists of the related tasks and a mission command system that support the exercise of authority and direction by the commander. Commander Tasks: Drive the operations process through the activities of understand, visualize, describe, direct, lead and assess Develop teams, both within their own organizations and with unified action partners Inform and influence audiences, inside and outside their organizations Staff Tasks: Conduct the operations process (plan, prepare, execute, assess) Conduct knowledge management and information management Conduct inform and influence activities Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities Leads Supports The mission command system enables the exercise of authority and direction by the commander. Mission Command System: - Personnel - Processes and Procedures - Networks- Facilities and Equipment - Information Systems Together mission command and the mission command warfighting function guides, integrates, and synchronizes Army forces throughout the conduct of unified land operations.

27 Mission Command and Doctrine 2015 Techniques FM 3-13 Inform and Influence Activities FM 3-38 Cyber- Electromagnetic Activities FM 6-0 Commander and Staff Organization and Operations FM 6-02 Signal Support to Operations FM 3-57 Civil Affairs FM 3-52 Airspace Control FM 3-53 Military Information Support Operations FM 3-61 Public Affairs Operations

ADP 5-0 and ADRP 5-0 Central Idea Principles of the Operations Process Planning Preparing Executing Assessing

29 Central Idea The Operations Process The Armys framework for exercising mission command is the operations processthe major mission command activities performed during operations: planning, preparing, executing, and continuously assessing the operation. Guided by the principles of - Commanders drive the operations process - Apply critical and creative thinking - Build and maintain situational understanding - Encourage collaboration and dialogue Commanders, supported by their staffs, use the operations process to drive the conceptual and detailed planning necessary to understand, visualize, and describe their operational environment; make and articulate decisions; and direct, lead, and assess military operations. Central idea Guided by the principles of

30 Principles of the Operations Process Commanders drive the operations process Commanders are the most important participants in the operations process. While staffs perform essential functions that amply the effectiveness of operations, commanders drive the operations process through understanding, visualizing, describing, directing, leading, and assessing operations. The commanders role in the operations process was formerly know as battle command.

31 The commanders intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commanders desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned (JP 3-0). The commanders intent includes: Purpose - an expanded description of the operations purpose beyond the why of the mission statement. Key tasks those significant activities the force as a whole must perform to achieve the desired end state. End state a description of the desired future conditions that represent success. Principles of the Operations Process Commanders drive the operations process (continued) Adopts joint definition of commanders intent Reintroduces key tasks as a component of the commanders intent Adopts joint definition of commanders intent Reintroduces key tasks as a component of the commanders intent

32 Planning Planning results in a plan and orders that communicates a common vision and synchronize the action of forces in time, space, and purpose to achieve objectives and accomplish missions. Planning is the art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective ways of bringing that future about (ADP 5-0). Commanders focus planning. Develop simple, flexible plans through mission orders. Optimize available planning time. Continually refine the plan. Commanders focus planning. Develop simple, flexible plans through mission orders. Optimize available planning time. Continually refine the plan. Guidelines for effective planning Army design methodlogy Military decisionmaking Process Troop leading procedures Army design methodlogy Military decisionmaking Process Troop leading procedures Army planning methodologies Retitles design to Army design methodlogy Modifies step 7 of the MDMP from orders production to orders production, dissemination, and transition. Details of the MDMP, TLP, and the OPORD format is now in ATTP 5-0.1. Retitles design to Army design methodlogy Modifies step 7 of the MDMP from orders production to orders production, dissemination, and transition. Details of the MDMP, TLP, and the OPORD format is now in ATTP 5-0.1.

33 Execution is putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission (ADP 5 0). Execution *

34 Blue = New Material Doctrine 2015 FM 6-0 Ch 1: Mission Command & Operations Process Overview Ch 2: Command Post Organization and Operations Ch 3: Staff Duties and Responsibilities Ch 4: Managing Knowledge and Information Ch 5: Critical and Creative Thinking Ch 6: Problem Solving Ch 7: Staff Studies Ch 8: Decision Papers Ch 9: Military Briefings Ch 10: Running Estimates Ch 11: The Military Decisionmaking Process Ch 12: Troop Leading Procedures Ch 13: Military Deception Ch 14: Rehearsals Ch 15: Liaison Ch 16: Assessment Plans Ch 17: After Action Reviews App A: Army Command and Support Relationships App B: Plans and Orders Formats App C: Annex Formats FM 6-0 Commander and Staff Organization and Operations

ADP/ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders Overview ConceptsHow-To Doctrine Unit Training Management on the Army Training Network (ATN) https://atn.army.mil Train leaders to train... achieve training overmatch and return to commander-centric training Armys Operations & Training Management Processes are the same: plan, prepare, execute and assess Integrate leader development objectives into training objectives using Training Management Process Web-based tools (ATN/CATS/DTMS) enable training management 35 UNCLASSIFIED

United States Army Combined Arms Center Framework for Army forces to support Combatant Commanders objectives by, with, and through Theater Armies that: build defense and security relationships and promote specific U.S. security interests develop friendly and allied military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations provide U.S. forces with peacetime and contingency access to host nations In-depth discussion of how the Army plans, prepares, executes and assesses security cooperation activities and associated tasks Focuses on security cooperation planning, execution and the attributes of the advisor in Unified Land Operations across the range of military operations. Combined fundamentals of Security Cooperation, Security Assistance, Security Force Assistance and Foreign Internal Development. 36 FM 3-22 22

United States Army Combined Arms Center Important Web Sites The Army Publishing Directorate (go to Doctrine and Training Publications on the Publications pull- down menu) - http://www.apd.army.mil/http://www.apd.army.mil/ The Doctrinal Term update section that only includes quarterly doctrinal term changes (current quarter changes): https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-25269https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-25269 An "Army Doctrine Term Changes Historical Database" that provides current and past terminology changes (perpetual living document): https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-40298https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-40298 Current Army doctrine terminology can be found at the "Army Dictionary JDEIS website. This website is updated once a month in an effort to maintain current Army doctrine terminology (terms and acronyms). https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207

Documents

United States Army Combined Arms Center As of 4 February 2013