UNITED NATIONS

UNITED NATIONS

OUTLINEEstablishment, reasons, purpose and principles of UNUnited Nations membershipUnited Nations organsUnited National challengesUnited Nations successRecommendationsConclusion

ESTABLISHMENT

Atlantic charter in 1941 president Roosevelt and Mr Churchill- condemned use of forceUnited Nations Declaration 1942-to employ full resources against enemy.The Moscow declaration in 1943 to have General international organization .Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944 1st blue print UN.Yalta Conference of february,1945,call for constitution conference of 50 nations.San francisco Conference- UN charter October, 24, 1945

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REASONS OF ESTABLISHING UNFailure of League of nations to bring peace.Rise of Second World War and its effects.Use of atomic weapons brought the new sense of urgency.The threat of world peace.Degradation of human rights and dignity.

THE PURPOSE OF UNTo maintain international peace and security.To develop friendly relation among nations.To be centre for multilateral diplomacy.To promote respect of universal human rights.To promote economic, social, political, and culture development among nations.To take effective collective measure on prevention and removal of threat.To achieve international cooperation.

UN PRINCIPLESRetain sovereignty, equality of all nations.Collective security measures.Non use of force and threatening.Peaceful settlement of disputes.

UN MEMBERSHIP

UN MEMBERSHIPOriginal membershipBy participating UN Conference San Francisco Signed UN declaration January 1, 1942.By signing present charter and ratify it (art.110).Members subsequently admitted (article 4).By decision reached 2/3 majority of UN assembly on recommendation security council (article 27).Total number of UN member 193 and 2 obverses.

UN QUALIFICATIONS OF MEMBERSHIPAccording to article 4 of UN charter.A state must be peace loving.Accept obligations contained in UN charter.Must be able and willing to carry the UN obligations.

UNITED NATIONS ORGANS

The General Assembly.The security Council.The Economic and Social Council.The Trusteeship Council.The International Court of Justice.The Secretariat.

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GENERAL ASSEMBLY

FUNCTIONS OF GENERAL ASSEMBLYQuasi-legislative body libarative body.Direction and supervision of international economic and social cooperationPromoting political cooperation and progressive development of international law.Approve and control of UN budget.Receive and consideration on the work of UNThe adoption of International Conversion.The supervision of international trusteeship system.

POWER OF GENERAL ASSEMBLYDiscussion and recommendation maintenance of international peace and security.Admitting, suspending and expelling Member-states.Adoptions of amendments to the charter.

SECURITY COUNCIL

SECURITY COUNCILIs continuous functioning body.Consist 15 members of state, 5 permanent.Non permanent member elected for 2 years.Permanent member are USA, Russia, China, United Kingdom and France.Each member one vote, one representative.Permanent member have veto.Decision made council is binding.

RESPONSIBILITY OF SECURITY COUNCIL. Maintenance of international peace and security.Control and supervision of strategic Area- Trust Territories.Identify the international threat.Carrying out collective actions.Crafting appropriate international response

POWERS OF SECURITY COUNCILTo call parties to settle dispute by negotiation, enquiry, mediation or other peaceful means.To recommend appropriate procedure or method of settlement or to investigateDetermine existence of threat to the peace.Recommend measure to be taken preventive or enforcement measure.Power of veto.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCILConsists of 27 members elected UN assembly. Promote higher standard of living, employment, and condition for economic and social progress.Initiate studies and reports of economic, social, cultural, education, and health.Observance of human rights and freedom.ILO, WHO, UNICEF, WTO, FAO, IRO, UNESCO,

UN TRUSTEESHIP COUNCILWas established to help trust territories were administered on interest of inhabitants and international peace and security.Most attained self-government or independence.Last was Palau former part of Pacific Islands.Legal status inactive since 1994.Future-Commission on Global Governance.

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Principle judicial organ of United Nations.Established June, 1945, consist 27 members.The rules, Constitution, jurisdiction and procedure are set annex to the charter.Only states are parts in the case.To settle legal disputes submitted by states. Providing advisory opinion to security council on legal questions.

UN SECRETARIET

THE UN SECRETARIETServes as UN bureaucracy.It comprise UN General secretary and staffs.General secretary is a chief of diplomacy and chief administrator of UN.Make annual reports to the General assembly.Brings attention to Security council on threaten the maintenance of peace and security.Drawing up and implementing budget.

UN CHALLENGES

UN CHALLENGES Inadequate human and finance resource.Difficulties in protecting its personnel.Not transparent, control by few a member.Absence of its military force. poverty, terrorism, infectious diseases, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.Lack of system-wide policy and programme coordination .Size and bureaucracy un system, extensive, complex and global.Vote of veto for permanent security member.Peace keeping operations.Global climate change.Legal status of Trusteeship Council.Feminism- lack of woman in decision making and muscular.

What are UN Success

UN SUCCESSMaintenance of world peace and security .Fostering strong cooperation among countries.Tackling common problem together.Assurance of international relation and diplomacy.Helped African countries to get independence.Support decolonization more than 80 countries.Providing shelter and Relief for millions refugee. Dismantling apartheid in South Africa.Making national behave responsively.Promoting public awareness on various international issue

RECOMMENDATION FOR UNReforms for its charter and UN policy.Restructuring of UN organization and organs.To have efficient, effective and responsive bureaucracy UN system.Transparency and control of UN matter.Have system-wide policy and programme coordination.To have its own resource financial and personnel.

CONCLUSIONUN is indispensable organization.Without UN international relation would be impossible.The international diplomacy of UN has helped to make world a civilized and better place to live.UN IS FOR PEACE , SECURITY AND LOVE FOR ALL NATIONS.

THANKS FOR ATTENTION AND SHARING-Tesekkur