United Nations Environment Programme Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme ECA enforcement activities RILO ECE

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Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme

ECA enforcement activities

RILO ECE meeting of NCPsSofia, Bulgaria5-6 April 2011

Halvart Koeppen, Regional [email protected]

UNEP ECA webpage: www.unep.org/ozonaction/ecanetwork/

OzonAction website:www.unep.org/ozonaction/

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UNEP Regional Ozone Networks

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• Objective– Phase-out of ozone-depleting substances (ODS)

• Global ratification– 49 Article 2 (so-called developed) countries

– 147 Article 5 (so-called developing) countries

• Recovery of ozone layer– 2065 if Montreal Protocol is fully implemented

Montreal Protocol highlights

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Montreal Protocol adopted

Multilateral Fund established

CFC freeze

CFC 50% reduction

CFC 85% reduction

1987 1991 1999 2005 2007 2010 2015

CFC, halons, CTC phased out

MeBr to be phased out

Article 5 phase-out schedule


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HCFC phase-out schedulefor Article 5 countries

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eComplete phase-out of ODS

Completed Completed phase-out datephase-out date

Montreal ProtocolMontreal ProtocolCCroatiaroatia EUEUArticle 2 Article 2

countriescountriesArticle 5Article 5countriescountries

CFCCFC (Annex A1) (Annex A1) 19961996 20102010 20062006 19951995

HalonsHalons 19941994 20102010 20102010 19941994

CFC (CFC (Anex BAnex B1)1) 19961996 20102010 19991999 19961996

CarbontetrachlorideCarbontetrachloride 19961996 20102010 20102010 19951995

MethylchloroformMethylchloroform 19961996 20152015 20102010 19961996

HCFCHCFC 20202200 20203300 20162016 20102010

HBFCHBFC 19961996 19961996 19991999 19961996

BromochlormethaneBromochlormethane 20022002 20022002 20022002 20022002

MethylbromideMethylbromide 20052005 20152015 20062006 20052005


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eRisk of illegal trade in ODS

• Consumption of CFC, halon and carbon tetrachlorid must be zero from Jan 2010– Increased risk of illegal trade in countries

which have still demand• Accelerated and differentiated phase-out

schedule for HCFCs– Increased risk of illegal trade to countries

which restrict or ban HCFC imports– Increased risk of technology dumping

(second hand equipment) to developing countries


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e2012 revision of HS codes

2903 Halogenated derivates of hydrocarbons

Unchanged2903.14 Tetrachlormethane or carbon tetrachloride

2903.19 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methylchloroform

2903.39 Methyl bromide

Deleted2903.4 - 69 Halogenated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons

containing two or more different halogens

New HS codes for HCFCs (before grouped under 2903.49)

2903.71 Chlorodifluoromethane: HCFC-22

2903.72 Dichlorotrifluoroethanes: HCFC-123

2903.73 Dichlorofluoroethanes: HCFC-141, 141b

2903.74 Chlorodifluoroethanes: HCFC-142, 142b

2903.75 Dichloropentafluoropropanes: HCFC-225/225ca/225cb


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e2012 revision of HS codes

2903 Halogenated derivates of hydrocarbons

New HS code for halons (before 4903.46)2903.76 Bromochlorodifluoromethane or halon 1211

2903.76 Bromotrifluoromethane or halon 1301

2903.76 Dibromotetrafluoroethane or halon 2402

New HS code for other derivates of acrylic hydrocarobons perhalogenated only with fluorine and chlorine2903.77 CFC-11 (before 2903.41)

2903.77 CFC-12 (before 2903.42)

2903.77 CFC-113 (before 2903.43)

2903.77 CFC-114 before 2903.44)

2903.77 CFC-115 (before 2903.44)

2903.77 CFC-13/111/112/211/212/213/214/215/217/217 (before 2903.45)

2903.78 Other perhalogenated derivatives

2903.79 Other

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2007 revision of HS codes3824.7 Mixtures containing halogenated derivatives of

methane, ethane or propane (no change):

3824.71 Containing CFCs, whether or not containing HCFCs, PFCs or HFCs

3824.72 Containing bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane or

dibromotetrafluoroethanes

3824.73 Containing HBFCs

3824.74 Containing HCFCs, whether or not containing PFCs or HFCs, but not containing CFCs

3824.75 Containing carbon tetrachloride

3824.76 Containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)

3824.77 Containing bromomethane (methyl bromide) or bromochloromethane

3824.78 Containing PFCs or HFCs, but not containing CFCs or HCFCs

3824.79 Other

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ECA Enforcement Network


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• Customs focal points for Montreal Protocol• New partnerships

– SECI, OSCE, UNCTAD• Informal Prior Informed Consent 2010

– 73 participating countries– 111 informal consultations– 28 unwanted shipments prevented (25%)

• Most recent iPIC consultation in 2011:– Shipment of 100 tons of HCFC-141b from China to Russia

prevented– Russian importer was not registered and did not have an

import licence– China did not issue an export license.

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Data discrepancies / MT 2006 2007 2008European Union (27 countries 11907 13651 5486ECA network (12 countries) N.a. 2079 5931

Discrepancies by substance / MT

2007 2008

CFC 59,5 29,6

Halon 9,6 0,03

CTC 0,4 0,5

MCF - 0,01

HCFC 2004 5765

MeBr 5,7 136

ECA & 4 CEITs 2079 5931

EU 13651 5486

Discrepancies between reported export / import data

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• Countries exporting ODS to ECA countries:– CFC: CRO, SER, EU, Singapore– Halon: EU, China– CTC: SER, CRO, EU– MeBr: EU– HCFC: CRO, SER, EU, China, India, Japan,

Korea (Republic of), Singapore, USA

• Croatia and Serbia tranship or re-export ODS to their neighbouring countries

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eECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for

Customs & Enforcement Officers


Gold and silver medals for:

– Armenia– China– Croatia– European Union– Kazakhstan– Kyrgyzstan– Russian Federation– Serbia

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• Hundreds of tonnes of virgin CFC illegally traded and mis-declared as recycled substance in 2007-2009

• Verify proof of origin and certificate of quality with the Montreal Protocol focal point of the exporting country.

False document certifying that CFCs are recycled

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Customs & Enforcement Officers• Hundred second hand

CFC refrigerators from Germany seized in Central Asia

• Their export from the EU is illegal and most countries in the ECA region have banned their import.

• No trade licenses should be issued and any shipment of second hand equipment should be considered suspicious

Seized second hand CFC refrigerators from EU


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• Labelling of refrigerant cylinders as “Replace for …” without indicating the actual contents

• “Replace for 134a” actually contained CFC-12

• “Replace for 502” in fact contained R502

• National legislation should require mandatory labelling of chemical contents

“Replace for …”

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• Mislabelling was detected during the practical exercise of using refrigerant identifiers

• CFC-12 cylinder contained 16% CFC-12, 62% HCFC-22, 19% HFC-134a and 3% hydrocarbon.

• HFC-134a cylinder contained 100% CFC-12. • Customs Officers

(wholesalers,

end-users) should

use refrigerant

identifiers

• Mislabelling was detected during the practical exercise of using refrigerant identifiers

• CFC-12 cylinder contained 16% CFC-12, 62% HCFC-22, 19% HFC-134a and 3% hydrocarbon.

• HFC-134a cylinder contained 100% CFC-12. • Customs Officers

(wholesalers,

end-users) should

use refrigerant

identifiers

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• Seizure of HFCs which do not deplete the ozone layer but contribute to global warming

• Lack of shipment papers and importer was not registered as required by national law

• Note:

Controlled

ODS can be

mislabelled asHFC and thus

HFC shipments

are suspicious

• Seizure of HFCs which do not deplete the ozone layer but contribute to global warming

• Lack of shipment papers and importer was not registered as required by national law

• Note:

Controlled

ODS can be

mislabelled asHFC and thus

HFC shipments

are suspicious

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• Sky-Hole-Patching II:– Globalized version of SHP initiated in Asia Pacific– Period: 3 May to 2 Nov. 2010 (six months)

• Supported by: – WCO’s 11 Regional Intelligence Liaison Offices (RILOs)– RILO AP as Operational Coordination Unit (OCU)– National Ozone Units (NOUs) – UNEP and its Regional Offices

• Participated by Customs from 80 countries: – Asia Pacific: 34– Europe & Central Asia: 23– Africa: 20 – South America: 3– North America: None

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Preliminary seizure summaryPreliminary seizure summary• Reported seizures globally:

– 27 seizures– 6087 cylinders– 107,5 tons ODS – 668 pieces of equipment

• Reported seizures in Europe & Central Asia– 15 seizures (56% of total)– 1833 cylinders (30% of total)– 45 metric tons ODS (42% of total)– 498 pieces of equipment (75% of total)

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Preliminary seizure summaryPreliminary seizure summaryReporting country

No of cases

ODS seizureNo of

containersODS in kg

No of equipment

Armenia 1 R502 15 240 0

China 1 R12 1140 15504 0

France 1 Unknown 1760 44000 0

Gambia 1 R22 12 192 0

Hongkong 1 R12 100 1600 0

Croatia 1 R134A 10 160 0

India 3 R22 & R22 mixture 1139 18224 170

Kenia 1 R12 37 592 0

Poland 1 R22 2 14 0

Sweden 7 R12, R134a, R600A 0 0 472

Thailand 4 R12, R22 1766 25286 0

Uzbekistan 4R12, R22, R134a,

R600a46 736 26

Bahrain 1 R12, R22 60 960 0

Total 27 　 6087 107508 668

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eConclusions


• There is remaining illegal trade in banned ODS (CFC, halon, CTC) and increasingly in restricted substances e.g. HCFCs

• Encourage your Customs colleagues to participate in ECA Ozone Protection Award 2011 for Customs & Enforcement Officer (July 2010 – June 2011)

• Watch out for ODS labelled as recycled substance, ODS alternatives e.g. HFCs or “Replace for …”

• Inform your Customs colleagues on new 2012 HS codes for ODS and the existing ones for ODS mixtures

• Establish contact with the designated Customs focal points for the Montreal Protocol.

• Consider requesting a back-to-back Green Customs seminar with one of your future meetings

• Encourage use of WCO e-learning modules on Montreal Protocol, CITES, Green Customs

• Include Montreal Protocol and Green Customs in training curricula and publications

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Four seizures of R12, R22, R134a, R600a by Uzbek Customs in 2010 – in total 46 cylinders and 0,7 metric tons

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0,65 tons in 48 cylinders of R12 seized by Royal Thai Customs on 6 May 2010 – some labeled as R134a

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12 cylinders of R12 seized by Gambian Customs on 4 June 2010, together with over 2 tons of cocaine

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15 tons in 1140 cylinders of R12 seized by China Customs at Huangpu on 25 June 2010

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8.9 tons in 528 cylinders of R12 and R22 seized by Royal Thai Customs on 4 August 2010

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100 cylinders R12 seized by Hong Kong Customs on 2 Sept. 2010

Documents

United Nations Environment Programme Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme ECA enforcement activities RILO ECE