Unit VI – A Unit VI – A Growing AmericaGrowing America

Chapter 20Chapter 20

Section 2 – The Growth of Section 2 – The Growth of CitiesCities

Urban Transformation – 7:15Urban Transformation – 7:15

The Growth of CitiesThe Growth of CitiesThe Big Idea

American cities experienced dramatic expansion and change in the late 1800s.

Main Ideas

• Both immigrants and native-born Americans moved to growing urban areas in record numbers in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

• New technology and ideas helped cities change and adapt to rapid population growth.

Main Idea 1:Main Idea 1: Both immigrants and native-born Both immigrants and native-born

Americans moved to growing urban areas Americans moved to growing urban areas in record numbers in the late 1800s and in record numbers in the late 1800s and

early 1900s.early 1900s.

Immigrants and native-born Americans Immigrants and native-born Americans moved to citiesmoved to cities in the late 1800s, causing rapid urban growth.

By 19001900

– About 40 percent of Americans lived in urban 40 percent of Americans lived in urban areasareas

– New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Boston, and Baltimore all had populations of over half a million

– 35+ cities had populations of greater than 35+ cities had populations of greater than 100,000100,000

Factors of Urban GrowthFactors of Urban Growth New immigrantsNew immigrants

Families from rural areasFamilies from rural areas

– Farm equipment began replacing workers in the countryside

– Came to cities in search of work

African Americans from the rural SouthAfrican Americans from the rural South

– Hoping to escape discrimination

– Looking for better educational and economic opportunities

RailroadsRailroads

– Cities at major railroad connection points, such as Chicago, became central hubs of opportunity.

Growth of Urban AreasGrowth of Urban Areas

What system put Chicago at the heart What system put Chicago at the heart of the nation’s trade in lumber, grain of the nation’s trade in lumber, grain and meat?and meat?

Railroad lines intersected in Chicago, Railroad lines intersected in Chicago, bringing new workers to growing bringing new workers to growing industries. What industry employed industries. What industry employed many new residents in Chicago?many new residents in Chicago?

How might Chicago’s population How might Chicago’s population growth eventually change to the look growth eventually change to the look of the city.of the city.

Main Idea 2:Main Idea 2:New technology and ideas helped cities New technology and ideas helped cities change and adapt to rapid population change and adapt to rapid population

growth.growth.

Cities faces many challengeschallenges with the demands of rising populations

–Needed more building spacemore building space for homes and businesses

–Needed less crowding on less crowding on streetsstreets

Building SkyscrapersBuilding Skyscrapers Typical city buildings in the mid-1800s were only

five stories tall.

– Building size was limited because the building materials were either too weak or too heavy.

American steel industry rose in the late 1800s.

– Mills could produce tons of inexpensive, strong steel.

Architects began using steel beams in their designs.

– Could design multistory buildings called skyscrapers by using the beams to make sturdy frames

Invention of the safety elevator by Elisha Otis in the 1850s helped make skyscrapers practical.

Electrical Elevator (02:26) Electrical Elevator (02:26)

Getting AroundGetting Around

Mass transit was public public transportationtransportation designed to move lots of people.–Elevated trains, subways, Elevated trains, subways, electric trolleyselectric trolleys

Many middle-class Americans middle-class Americans moved to suburbsmoved to suburbs outside cities.

New IdeasNew Ideas• Development of mass culturemass culture, or leisure and cultural activities

shared by many

• City dwellers became aware of the need for open public spacesopen public spaces, and parks were designed. Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted became nationally famous for his work.

• Giant retail shops, or department storesdepartment stores, appeared in city centers.

• Emergence of world fairs and public entertainmentsworld fairs and public entertainments, like amusement parks

• There was a growth in mass communicationmass communication through newspapers. Publishers like Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst made popular innovations in their newspapers, like color comics.

Changing CitiesChanging Cities

What building material allowed What building material allowed architects to build taller buildings?architects to build taller buildings?

Would you rather have lived in a city Would you rather have lived in a city or in suburb in the 1880’s?or in suburb in the 1880’s?

Name two newspaper publishers who Name two newspaper publishers who used color comics to attract more used color comics to attract more readers?readers?

How would the Marshall Field How would the Marshall Field department store have attracted the department store have attracted the business of 10business of 10thth graders? graders?