UNIT TWO1754-1816

CHAPTER FOURIMPERIAL WARS AND COLONIAL PROTEST

1754-1774

Empires at War (1689-1763)

■ Series of worldwide wars

between Spain, France, and

Great Britain

– Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)

– British gains*

– King George’s War (1744-1748)

– Louisburg/New England reaction*

– Role of Native Americans*

The Seven Years’ War (1754-1763)

■ Started in colonies, spread to

Europe

■ Conflict between French and

British in Ohio River Valley

■ Beginning of the War

– Fort Duquesne

– George Washington

– Role of Indians

The Seven Years’ War

■ Albany Plan of Union*

– Ben Franklin

– Why did it fail?

– What was its significance?

■ British Victory

– Quebec and Montreal

– Territorial gains*

■ Immediate effects of the War*

■ How did the British and American colonists view the conflict?

Reorganization of the British Empire

■ Describe the reasons for the

shift away from the policy of

salutary neglect.

■ Pontiac’s Rebellion*

■ Proclamation of 1763*

British Actions and Colonial Reactions■ Sugar Act (1764)

■ Quartering Act (1765)

■ Stamp Act (1765)

– Colonial Reaction

– Stamp Act Congress

– Sons and Daughters of Liberty

– Boycotts (were they effective?)

■ Declaratory Act (1766)

Patrick Henry in the Virginia legislature

following passage of Stamp Act

Second Phase of the Crisis, 1767-1773

■ The Townshend Acts

– Initial colonial reaction

– Letters from a Pennsylvania

Farmer

– Taxation without representation

■ Repeal of Townshend Act

■ Boston Massacre

■ Committees of Correspondence

■ The Gaspee

■ Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

■ Series of punitive acts

■ Coercive Acts (1774)

■ Quebec Acts (1774)

– Why was the Quebec Act resented by the colonists?

■ Philosophical Foundations

– The Enlightenment

– Locke and Rousseau

■ Make sure you read Historical Perspectives: Why did the colonies rebel?

CHAPTER FIVETHE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND CONFEDERATION

1774-1787

The First Continental Congress

■ September, 1774

■ Delegates

– From radical to conservative

■ Actions of the Congress

– Suffolk Resolves

– Declaration and Resolves

– British response

■ Lexington and Concord

■ Bunker Hill

The Second Continental Congress

■ May, 1775

– Independence?

■ Military Actions

– George Washington

■ Peace Efforts

– Olive Branch Petition

– British reaction

The Declaration of Independence

■ Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

– January, 1776

■ Richard Henry Lee

– Resolution for Independence

■ Thomas Jefferson

– Committee to support resolution

The Revolutionary War

■ New national identity

■ Patriots

■ Describe the role African-

Americans played in the conflict.

■ Loyalists/Tories

– Emigration at end of war

■ Role of American Indians

■ Initial American losses and

hardship

Victory

■ Alliance with France

– Saratoga

– Significance of alliance

■ Yorktown

■ Treaty of Paris, 1783

– Know all four parts mentioned

Organization of New Governments

■ State Governments

– Liberals v. Conservatives

■ List of Rights

■ Separation of Powers

■ Voting and Office-Holding

Articles of Confederation, 1781

■ Problems with ratification

■ Structure of government

■ Powers

■ Accomplishments*

■ Problems*

– Financial

– Foreign

– Domestic (Shays)

Social Change

■ Abolition of aristocratic titles

– primogeniture

■ Separation of church and state

– Regional differences

■ Women

– Roles during war

■ Slavery

– Regional difference

■ Historical Perspectives: How

radical was the revolution?

CHAPTER SIXTHE CONSTITUTION AND NEW REPUBLIC

1787-1800

Drafting the Constitution

■ Review problems and weaknesses of Articles

■ The Annapolis Convention

■ Drafting the Constitution in Philadelphia

– Describe the delegates

– Big names that were missing?

■ Key issues

– Representation, Slavery, Trade

■ The Presidency

– Describe the compromises that helped lead to the ratification of the Constitution.

– How might these compromises lead to future conflict?

Battle for Ratification

■ Federalist v. Antifederalists

– Chart on p. 107 is GOLD

■ The Federalist Papers

■ Outcome

– Virginia – important promise

made*

– New York

■ The Bill of Rights

Washington’s Presidency■ Executive Departments

– Cabinet

■ Federal Court System

– Supreme Court

– Judiciary Act of 1789

■ Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Program

– Three main actions

■ Opposition

■ Debt

■ National Bank

– Necessary and proper clause

– Bank of the United States

Foreign Affairs

■ The French Revolution

– American argument over support

■ Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793

■ “Citizen” Genêt

■ The Jay Treaty (1794)

– Why did it anger French

supporters?

■ The Pinckney Treaty (1795)

– Significance

Domestic Concerns

■ American Indians

■ Whiskey Rebellion (1794)*

■ Western Lands

■ Political Parties****

– Chart on p. 116

– Regional support

■ Washington’s Farewell Address

John Adams’ Presidency

■ The XYZ Affair*

■ Alien and Sedition Acts*

■ Kentucky and Virginia* Resolutions

– Federal v. state government

– nullification

■ Election of 1800

– Why is it called a peaceful revolution?

■ Historical perspectives: What does the Constitution mean?

CHAPTER SEVENTHE AGE OF JEFFERSON

1800-1816

Jefferson’s Presidency

■ ”We are all Republicans, We are

all Federalists.”

■ How did Jefferson attempt to win

over former Federalist foes while

also rewarding his loyal

supporters?

The Louisiana Purchase, 1803■ Why did Napoleon lose interest in

America?

■ Importance of the Mississippi River

– Spain and the right of deposit

■ About that Constitution…

– How did Jefferson, the strict

constructionist, justify the purchase

of Louisiana?

■ Consequences*

■ Lewis and Clark Expedition

– benefits

John Marshall and the Supreme Court

■ How did the Marbury v. Madison

(1803) case and the doctrine of

judicial review create a long-

term victory for the Federalists?

■ Jefferson and the Alien and

Sedition Acts

■ Judicial Impeachments

– Successful or not?

Jefferson’s Reelection

■ Easy-peasy victory in 1804

■ Aaron Burr is BATS

– Secession conspiracy

– Duel with Hamilton (significance

of Hamilton’s death)

– Treason?

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy

■ Discuss the cause and effect of U.S. involvement in fighting with Barbary Pirates (1801-1805)

■ Who was considered the ”chief offender” regarding U.S. neutrality in the conflict between France and Britain? Why?

■ Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

■ Embargo Act (1807)

– What was it?

– Impact on British?

– Impact on United States? Which region was most impacted?

The Presidency of James Madison

■ Compare Madison’s

temperament and political skill

to Jefferson

■ What effect did the Embargo Act

have on Congressional seats?

■ Discuss Madison’s attempts to

deal with the Napoleonic Wars.

– Diplomacy

– Nonintercourse Act (1809)

– Maicon’s Bill No.2 and

Napoleon’s deceit

The War of 1812

■ Describe the causes of the war.

– Free seas and trade;

impressment of American

sailors

– Frontier conflicts with British

and American Indians;

Tecumseh’s role

– War Hawks (note the

geographical support for war)

Tecumseh

A Divided Nation

■ Geographical division of support

and opposition and its effect on

election of 1812

■ “Mr. Madison’s War”

– New England opposition

– Federalists and “Quids”

War of 1812

■ Failed invasion of Canada*

■ Naval Battle

– Causes of American naval

success

– Death of Tecumseh

■ Southern Campaign

– Andrew Jackson and the Battle

of New Orleans*

End of the War

■ The Treaty of Ghent

– What were the results of the

treaty? Who won?

■ The Hartford Convention*

– Proposals

– Effect on Federalists

The War’s Legacy

■ Canada

■ Federalists

■ Nullification and secession

■ Effect on American Indians

■ Nationalism

■ Andrew Jackson