UNIT TWO There are several editions of this book so page numbers (& spellings) may be slightly different. Chapter One – Cat’s Origins What was the earliest ancestor of the cat called? --Myacis Page 3 Column 1 Paragaraph 1 How long ago did the Myacis inhabit the earth? --40 – 50 million years ago Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe _____ characteristics of the Myacis. --Size of lynx --Long slender body --Long tail --Short legs --Retractable claws Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How did the Dinictis differ from the Myacis? --Higher intelligence --Greater agility Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How long did it take for the Dinictis to evolve from the Myacis? --10 million years Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph What do we call the creature that evolved from the Myacis? --Dinictis Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 1 In what part of the world did cats originate? --Africa Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 2 How long ago were cats domesticated? --8000 years ago Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Where were cats first domesticated? --Ancient Egypt Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Give _____ facts about Bast. --Protects cats --Assumed shape of cat --Goddess of night and the moon --Protected crops --Ensured rich harvest Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 3

What did Egyptian owners of cats do when their cat died? --Shaved their eyebrows --Embalmed the cat --Had a ceremonial funeral --Buried the cat in a special ceremony Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 3 List _____ ways that today’s cats are the same as ancient cats. --Same size --Same shape --Keen hunting instincts --Self-reliance --Same purring sounds --Same aloofness --Same affection Page 4 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What were the first truly domesticated cats? --African Wildcats (felis Sylvestris libyca) Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How did cats first arrive in Europe? --Phoenicians and Greeks brought them on ships Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What happened to many cats during the Middle Ages? --They were blamed for anything evil --They were often burned --Their fur was used for clothing --They were eaten --They were connected to witchcraft Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Cats are considered to be a symbol for what in China? --Good fortune --Peace --Beauty Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What do Buddhists admire in a cat? --Meditative powers Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is a common good luck charm in Japan? --Maneki Neko (beckoning cat) Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is a Maneki Neko? --Figure of a sitting cat with one paw raised Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What does a Maneki Neko with left paw raised indicate? --Inviting customers to enter a shop Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2

What does a Maneki Neko with right paw raised indicate? --Attracts money and good fortune Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Why do Japanese people appreciate cats? --They enjoy simple artistic beauty and a cat is seen as a being of rare beauty Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What happened to cats in the 1800’s? --They began to be accepted as household pets --Exhibiting and breeding cats became popular Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Chapter Two including Breed Chart How many breeds of cats are there? --CFA currently lists 41 and other breed associations have accepted several more Page 4 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Where was the first cat show held? --Crystal Palace, London, England Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 4 When was the first cat show held? --July 13, 1871 Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 4 Where was the first cat show held in the United States? --Madison Square Garden, New York City Page 4 Column 1 Paragraph 1 When was the first cat show held in the United States? --1904 Page 4 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What is the name of the first registry of purebred cats in the United States? --Cat Fancier’s Association Page 4 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What is a purebred (or pedigreed) cat? --Intentionally bred for certain desired qualities and usually eligible for exhibition in a showring Page 4 Column 1 Paragraph 4 Name _____ criteria used to judge a household pet. --Physical condition --Cleanliness --Presentation --Temperament --Attractive or unusual appearance

What are the three breed types? --Natural, man-made and mutation Page 4 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What is a natural breed? --Created by nature but refined and stabilized by selective breeding Page 4 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What is another word for man-made breed? --Hybrid Page 4 Column 2 Paragraph 4 What is a man-made breed? --Crossing two or more breeds to create a new breed Page 4 Column 2 Paragraph 4 Which breed has been used as a foundation breed for more new breeds than any other? --Siamese Page 4 Column 2 Paragraph 4 What is a mutation? --A spontaneous change in the gene structure resulting in an unusual feature? Page 4 column 2 Paragraph 5 Crossing two or more breeds to create a new breed results in what? --A man-made breed (hybrid) Page 4 Column 2 Paragraph 4 A spontaneous change in the gene structure can result in what? --A mutation Page 4 Column 2 Paragraph 5 Note: All of the following breed questions can be found in The Cornell Book of Cats, Second Edition, Pages 23-41. Name _____ natural breeds. --Persian --Abyssinian --Siamese --Maine Coon --Russian blue --British Shorthair --Birman --Chartreux --Egyptian Mau --Korat --Norwegian Forest Cat --Singapura --American Shorthair --Siberian --Turkish Angora --Turkish Van --Ojos Azules --Sokoke

Name _____ Man-Made breeds. --Burmese --Bombay --Ocicat --Exotic --Tonkinese --Havana Brown --Himalayan --Oriental --Ragdoll --European Burmese --Ragamuffin --Bengal --Burmilla --California Spangle --Chantilly (Tiffany) --Chausie --Nebelung --Pixiebob --Savannah --Serengeti --Snowshoe --Toyger --York Chocolate Name _____common mutation breeds. --Manx --Scottish Fold --Cornish Rex --Sphynx --Japanese Bobtail --American Curl --American Wirehair --Balinese --Devon Rex --American Bobtail --LaPerm --Selkirk Rex --Cymric --Donskoy --Don Sphynx --Foldex --Highland Fold --Munchkin --Peterbald --Bambino The Persian is considered what type of breed? --Natural Describe _____ characteristics of a Persian? --Short, cobby body --Short legs --Deep chest --Large, round feet --Equally massive across shoulder/rump --Long, thick coat --Snub nose --Flat face --Large, round eyes --Small Ears --Short tail --Ruff immense and continues in deep frill between front legs --Can be large or medium size --Short, well-rounded middle Name the color divisions Persians are shown in. --Solid --Tabby --Silver and golden --Shaded & smoke --Parti-color --Color point (Himalayan) --Bi-Color

The Burmese is considered what type of breed? --Man-made Describe _____ characteristics of a Burmese. --Medium size --Compact, weighty body --Rounded chest and head --Glossy coat The Burmese was mated with which breed to become the breed now seen? --Siamese The Abyssinian is which type of breed? --Natural The Abyssinian was allegedly developed from what? --Ticked cats from North Africa Describe _____ characteristics of an Abyssinian. --Body medium long --Lithe, supple, effortlessly graceful --Muscular --Coat is soft, silky, fine in texture --Short coat, but long enough to accommodate 2 or 3 dark bands of ticking What are the four accepted colors for Abyssinians? --Red --Ruddy --Fawn --Blue Siamese are what type of breed? --Natural What is the origin of Siamese? --Asian, probably Siam or Burma Legends indicate the Siamese were used for what? --To guard the royal palaces and temples The Siamese are considered to be the most popular cat breed second only to which breed? --Household Pets What is the only accepted color for Siamese eyes? --Blue Describe _____ characteristics of the Siamese. --Brilliant blue eyes --Pointed (darker) facial mask, ears, tail & legs --Sleek, elegant --Lithe, muscular, medium body --Foreign or Oriental, tubular body --Short hair --Long legs --Long tail --Wedge shaped faces

How did the original Siamese differ from today’s Siamese? --They were stocky and round-headed. Cross breeding of the Siamese has resulted in many current breeds. Name _____ of them. --Balinese --Havana Brown --Himalayan --Tonkinese --Color Point --Oriental Shorthair --Oriental Longhair --Ocicat What are the accepted colors for Siamese? --Seal Point --Chocolate Point --Blue Point --Lilac point Which breed has been the foundation breed for more breeds than any other cat? --Siamese The Cornish Rex is what type of breed? --Spontaneous Mutation Where was the original Cornish Rex discovered. --On a farm in England Name _____ characteristics of the Cornish Rex? --Small to medium body --Long, slender, but not tubular --Egg shaped head --Large, oval-shaped eyes --Roman nose --Coat more wavy than curly What happens if a Cornish Rex and a Devon Rex are mated? --The kittens will not have a curly or wavy coat The Manx is what type of breed? --Mutation The Manx originated where? --Isle of Man in the Irish Sea Although generally known as a tailless cat, describe the variety of tails the Manx can be seen in. --Rumpy (no tail) --Stumpy (tail stump of 1-5 inches) --Longie (complete tail) Which three breeds are the foundation of the Ocicat? --Abyssinian --Siamese --American Shorthair The Himalayan is a cross between which two breeds? --Siamese --Persian Name ___ hairless breeds --Sphynx --Donskoy --Peterbald

Name ____ breeds that have curly coats. --Selkirk Rex --Cornish Rex --Devon Rex --LaPerm Which breeds of cat only come in the color Blue? --Russian Blue --Korat --Chartreaux Which breed of cat is all black with big round copper eyes? --Bombay Which breed of cat is pointed, has blue eyes, an inverted “V” on its face, and has four white feet? --Snowshoe What is a household pet judged on? --Physical condition --Cleanliness --Presentation --Temperament --Attractive --Unusual appearance The Ocicat is what type of breed? --Man-made Describe a Maine Coon. --Body is medium to large --Muscular --Broad chest --Long, shaggy, uneven coat --Long, flowing tail What type of breed is a Sphynx? --Mutation Describe a Sphynx’s hair. --It has thin, short hairs on its ears, muzzle and tail, but no whiskers A Himalayan is what type of breed? --Man-made CFA classifies the Himalayan as a colorpoint division of which breed? --Persian A British Shorthair is what type of breed? --Natural The Bombay can only be what color? --Jet Black The smallest breed of cat is what? --Singapura

Name _____ breeds that have spotted coats. --Egyptian Mau --Ocicat --Bengal --California Spangle Name _____ breeds that can only be color point. --Birman --Snowshoe --Javanese --Balinese --Siamese --Himalayan An Exotic is what type of breed? --Man-made The Exotic was originally created by crossing which two breeds? --American Shorthair and Persian An Ocicat is a spotted tabby, with all hairs banded except where? --On the tip of its tail Describe the coat of a Cornish Rex. --Deep even waves on its body. Chapter Two – Cat Breeds (only the section on body types and coat types) Give the three basic and two overlapping body types. --Cobby, Semi-Cobby, Moderate, Semi-Foreign, and Foreign Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Give two examples of a breed that has a cobby body. --Persian, Manx Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Give two examples of a breed with a semi-cobby body. --Chartreaux, British Shorthair Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Which body type is the most common? --Moderate Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a moderate body. --Well balanced --Medium length --Well muscled --No extremes Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a cobby body. --Heavy --Short-legged --Compact --Broad-chested Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1

Describe a semi-cobby body. --A little longer than a cobby body --Not as broad chested as a cobby body Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Give _____ examples of breeds with semi-foreign. --Abyssinian --Japanese Bobtail --Russian Blue Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a semi-foreign body. --Body stretched out but not too extreme Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Give two examples of cats that have a foreign body. --Siamese --Cornish Rex Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a foreign body. --Long and tubular to the extreme --Firm and muscular Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe the original coat of a cat. --Shorthaired brown classic tabby Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What are the four basic colors of a cat’s coat? --Black, chocolate, red and white Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What are the dilute colors of black, chocolate and red? --Blue, natural (caramel or champagne) and cream Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What are the background colors of tabbies called? --Golden and silver Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 1 All cats are genetically what pattern? --Tabby Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Name _____ of the coat patterns. --Solid --Tabby --Tipped --Bi-Color --Parti-Color --Pointed Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 2

Describe the coat of a solid or self-colored cat. --Entirely one color --No tabby markings --No white --No changes of color on each hair Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are the four basic tabby patterns? --Classic, mackerel, spotted, ticked Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Describe a hair of a tabby cat. --Each hair is banded with light and dark stripes called agouti bands or ticking. The arrangement of the bands creates the various patterns. Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Describe a mackerel tabby coat. --A wild-type pattern with spine lines and narrow vertical stripes on the sides Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a classic tabby coat. --Irregular spirals and whirls create a bulls-eye effect on the sides, solid lines on the spine and a butterfly mark on the shoulders Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a spotted tabby coat. --Broken stripes appear as spots Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a ticked coat. --body hairs are ticked with various shades of the main marking color and the ground color with are no noticeable spots or stripes. Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Describe a patched tabby coat pattern. --It has patches of red or cream mixed with the ground colors of the body and extremities, it can be any tabby pattern Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Describe a tipped coat pattern. --Each guard hair has color only on the tip with white underneath Page 6 column 1 Paragraph 3 What are the three tipped coat patterns? --Chinchilla (or shell), shaded and smoked Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What is another name for the parti-color pattern? --Tortoiseshell Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 4

Describe a tortoiseshell or parti-color coat pattern. --Black with random patches of red which may have tabby markings Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 5 Describe a calico coat pattern. --A tortoiseshell pattern with white Page 6 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Describe the van coat pattern. --A white coat with patches of color on the head and tail and possibly a few spots on the rest of the body Page 6 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Name the three types of hairs that make up a cat’s coat. --Guard hairs, awn hairs and down hairs Page 6 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Describe a pointed cat pattern. --The facial mask, ears, legs, feet and tail are a darker color while the body is a pale cream, fawn or white Page 6 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Describe the texture of an American Wirehair’s coat. --The awn hairs are the same length as the guard hairs. Both types of hairs are curled and crinkled, giving the coat a wiry feel. Page 6 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Describe the coat of a Sphynx. --It has thin, short hairs on the ears, muzzle and tail, but no whiskers. The rest of the body may be completely hairless or it may have thin, short hairs up to 1/8 inch over other parts of the body. Page 6 Column 2 Paragraph 5 Chapter Three-Cat Characteristics Give ___ types of cat hairs. --Guard hairs (coarse hairs also called primary hairs or topcoat) --Awn hairs (a type of secondary hair with bristly tips also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur) --Down hairs (fine crinkly, also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur) --Sinus hairs (whiskers or vibrissae, above the eyes and carpal hairs) Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are guard hairs? --Coarse hairs also called primary hairs or topcoat Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2

The topcoat is which kind of hair? --Guard hairs (or primary hairs_ Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are awn hairs? --A type of secondary hairs with bristly tips (also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur) Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are down hairs? --Fine, crinkly hairs (also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur) Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are the two types of secondary hairs? --Awn hairs and down hairs Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is another name for whiskers? --Vibrissae Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are vibrissae? --Whiskers Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Where are the carpal hairs located? --On the backs of the front legs Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are carpal hairs? --Whisker-like hairs on the backs of the front legs Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is the best distance range for a cat’s vision? --Seven to twenty feet Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Why do a cat’s eyes shine in the dark when caught in a ray of light? --The backs of the eyes are lined with a mirror-like structure called the tapetum lucidum Page 14 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What is the tapetum lucidum --The mirror-like structure lining the back of a cat’s eyes which causes the eyes to shine in the dark when caught in a ray of light Page 14 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How long do a kitten’s eyes remain closed after birth? --Seven to ten days

Page 14 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How long does it take for a kitten’s eyes to become as keen as an adult cat? --Three months Page 14 Column 1 Paragraph 1 In what two ways is a cat’s hearing more acute than a human’s. --They can hear fainter sounds than we can and they can hear ultrasonic sounds, much higher than we can. Page 14 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Give _____ ways a cat can compensate if it becomes deaf. --Increased acuity in eyesight --Increased acuity in smell --Becomes sensitive to vibrations, “hearing with their paws” Page 14 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Why does a cat move its earflaps? --It directs the earflaps toward a sound so it can hear a faint sound better Page 14 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What is a cat’s method of recognition (of a person, food or other cat)? --Its sense of smell Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Name _____ areas in which a cat’s sense of smell play an important role. --Appetite --Behavior --Protection --Reproduction Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What does a cat do when presented with a new object? --Thoroughly sniffs it before accepting it Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 1 List _____ ways a cat may respond to catnip> --Sniffing --Chewing --Rubbing --Rolling --Meowing Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Where are a cat’s taste buds located? --On the front and side edges of the tongue and at the back of the tongue Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are _____ functions of cat’s teeth? --Stabbing (killing prey) --Anchoring (holding prey) --Cutting or tearing flesh Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 2

Why is it that cats cannot crush or grind food? --No flat-crowned molars Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 2 How many bones does a cat’s body have? --230 Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How can you tell what a cat’s mood might be? --Its tail indicates its mood Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 If a cat carries its tail high, what does it indicate? --The cat’s pride and contentment Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 If a cat’s tail is extended straight out, what does it indicate? --The cat is stalking Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 If a cat’s tail is curled against its body, what does it indicate? --The cat is scared or worried Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 If a cat’s tail is thrusting (swishing) from side to side, what does it indicate? --The cat is angry Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How can you tell if a cat is scared or worried? --It wraps its tail around its body Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How can you tell if a cat is contented? --It carries its tail high Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How can you tell if a cat is angry? --It thrusts (swishes) its tail from side to side Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Give _____ characteristics of a cat’s hind legs. --Longer than front legs --Stronger than front legs --Enables a cat to leap with great skill Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3

In what pattern does a cat move its legs when walking? --Front and hind leg on one side then on the other Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What enables a cat to move silently? --Thickly cushioned paws Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What does digitigrade mean? --Walks or runs on its toes Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What do we call it when an animal walks or runs on its toes? --Digitigrade Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 4 How many toes does a cat have? --Five on the front feet and four on the back Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What does polydactyl mean? --More than the usual number of toes Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What is the word describing an animal with more than the usual number of toes? --Polydactyl Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What is the cat’s main method of defense? --Hook shaped claws on each tow Page 13 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What are the primary purposes of claws? --Climbing, fighting and gripping Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 1 How does a cat express pleasure or contentment? --By extending and retracting its claws in a pumping motion called “kneading” Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is “Kneading”? --Extending and retracting its claws in a pumping motion Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What do you call the pits in the skin from which cat’s hairs grow? --Follicles Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2

What are follicles? --Tiny pits in the skin from which hairs grow Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How young can a kitten have developed a sense of taste? --One day Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How do cats react to the taste of sweet things? --They do not taste sweet things --Their digestive system is sensitive to sugar and eating sugar may make them ill Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What happens when a cat is given cow’s milk? --They develop diarrhea because they cannot tolerate the lactose (milk sugar) in the milk Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is lactose? --Milk sugar Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Which is the least important sense in a cat? --The sense of touch Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Give _____ sensations that are a part of the sense of touch. --Gentle touch --Heavy pressure --Warmth --Cold --Pain Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Which parts of the cat are especially sensitive to touch, warmth and cold? --Nose and paw pads Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Give _____ things the paw pads are important for. --Sensitive to touch --Sensitive to warmth --Sensitive to cold --Investigate texture, size and shape --Maintain posture --Detect vibrations Page 14 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Why are whiskers important? --Investigate nearby objects --Sensitive to air currents Page 15 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How much time does a cat spend sleeping? --Two-thirds of the time Page 15 Column 1 Paragraph 2

Give _____ things that a cat’s self-grooming accomplishes. --Keeps itself clean --Stimulates skin glands to produce waterproofing --Temperature regulation Page 15 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Why do cats groom themselves more in warm weather? --They are unable to sweat, so the saliva becomes a substitute for the cooling effect of sweat. Page 15 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What does a cat do when falling? --Turns its head to an upright horizontal position so the rest of the body will follow, and it will land on its feet Page 15 Column 1 Paragraph 4 Name two things that purring may indicate. --Contentment --Pain Page 15 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Where are the sinus hairs located? --Muzzle, above the eyes and back of the lower foreleg Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What do we call the sensitive hairs located on the muzzle, above the eyes and back of lower foreleg? --Sinus hairs Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Where are carpal hairs especially important? --When grasping wriggling prey Page 13 column 2 Paragraph 2 Why are cats unable to focus very well on nearby objects? --Because of the size and shape of the lens in their eye Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What is a cat’s most important sense? --Eyesight Page 13 Column 2 Paragraph 3 How does purring occur? --A vibration arises in a major blood vessel in the chest and is transmitted to the cat’s upper air passages, resulting in the purring sound. Page 15 Column 2 Paragraph 1 At what age do cats play? --From three weeks of age through old age Page 15 Column 2 Paragraph 2

Chapter 4 – Choosing a Cat or Kitten List _____ things to look for when choosing a kitten --Outgoing personality --Not fearful or hostile --Clear eyes, no excessive watering --Cool, damp nose, no discharge --Lustrous shine to fur, no mats --Clean ears, no signs of mites --Clean white teeth --Pink gums --No skin irritations --No sign of fleas --No sign of diarrhea --Not too thin or too fat Page 16, Column 1 Paragraph 4 What is a pedigree? --A paper showing names and registration numbers of the parents of a purebred kitten and whether there are any champions in the kitten’s background. Page 16 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Describe the best way to pick up a kitten. --Place one hand under the kitten’s chest and use the other hand to support the hindquarters. Hold kitten close to your body. Page 17 Column 1 Paragraph 4 List _____ things you can do to make a kitten’s first night in a new home more comfortable. --Leave a night light on --Put a small stuffed animal in bed with the kitten --Make sure the room is warm enough --Make sure the room is draft-free --Make sure it can find its food and water dishes and the litter box Page 17 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What are the best methods of punishment for a cat? --A loud NO! --A squirt from a water pistol Page 18 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Give _____ basic needs of a cat. --Warm place to live --Fresh water --Proper food --Dry bed --Companionship Page 18 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Give _____ reasons why it is better to keep a cat indoors. --May wander away --May produce unwanted kittens if not spayed --Exposure to disease --Exposure to parasites Page 18 Column 1 Paragraph 2

Chapter Five, Feeding and Nutrition Give _____things that could happen if a cat is not fed properly. --More susceptible to disease --More susceptible to infection --Problems with growth --Problems with reproduction Page 18 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Which nutrient is particularly important for cats? --Protein Page 18 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What is the best source of protein? --Meat, fish or eggs Page 18 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Which amino acid is important for cats? --Taurine Page 18 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What could happen if a cat does not receive taurine in its diet? --It could become blind Page 18 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What kind of diet does a cat need? --High protein with vitamins and minerals Page 18 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Name the four major types of cat food. --Dry --Canned maintenance --Raw --Canned specialty Page 18 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Name _____ advantages of dry food. --Can be left all day for cat to nibble as it pleases --Economical --Complete Nutrition --Helps keep teeth clean by reducing tartar build-up --Helps keep gums healthy by reducing tartar build-up Page 18 Column 2 Paragraph 4 Why is commercial cat food better for your cat than table scraps? --Table scraps are generally inadequate while commercial food has been developed after careful research and is nutritionally balanced Page 18 Column 2 Paragraph 2

List _____ word(s) to look for when checking a label for nutritional value. --Scientific --Complete --Balanced Page 19 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What does the law require if a label states the food is “scientific”, “complete” or “balanced”? --It must provide a completely balanced diet for cats of all ages from kitten to senior cat including pregnant or lactating females Page 19 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Why is it important to force a cat to drink water even if it refuses? --To prevent dehydration Page 19 Column 1 Paragraph 4 Why does a kitten need even more protein than an adult cat? --Because it insures proper growth and strong teeth and bones Page 19 Column 1 Paragraph 5 How often should a kitten be fed during its first year --Two – three times per day Page 19 Column 1 Paragraph 5 What may happen if a kitten is given too much milk? --It has a laxative effect (diarrhea) Page 19 Column 2 Paragraph 1 At what age is a kitten considered to be an adult? --12 months (one year) Page 19 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What should a kitten be fed when it reaches 12 months of age? --Maintenance diet Page 19 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is the average life span of a cat? --14 years Page 19 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Why should older cats be encouraged to drink water? --Increases kidney function Page 19 Column 2 Paragraph 3 How can you tell if a cat is overweight? --Cannot feel its ribs easily Page 19 Column 2 Paragraph 4

What should you do to reduce a cat’s weight? --Reduce calories --Increase exercise --Have veterinarian choose the best program Page 20 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Why are vitamins and minerals added to canned specialty cat foods? --Meat, by itself, is not completely nutritious. Page 19 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Why are raw diets difficult to manage? --It may be difficult to maintain a well-balanced diet and provide appropriate nutrients needed Page 19 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What does the Body Condition Score determine? --Helps owners determine the appropriate weight for their cat Page 20 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Describe the body condition of a cat that has a score of 1. --Ribs are prominent and easily felt, no fat cover, pelvis and shoulder blades easily felt, very thin Page 20 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Describe the body condition of a cat that has a score of 2. --Bones are raised with minimal tissue between skin and bones, underweight Page 20 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Describe the body condition of a cat that has a score of 3. --Ribs are visible and easily felt, shoulder and pelvis can be felt, but with enough tissue to not make them protrude, ideal weight Page 20 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Describe the body condition of a cat that has a score of 4. --Ribs are difficult to see or feel through moderate fat cover, slightly sagging abdominal fat pad, over weight Page 20 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Describe the body condition of a cat that has a score of 5. --Ribs are not visible and difficult to feel through fat cover, cat has a prominent sagging abdominal fat pad, obese Page 20 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Chapter Six, Health Care When health checking your cat, list _____ things you should look for in the cat’s mouth. --Color of gums --Broken teeth --Tartar on teeth Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 1

When health checking your cat, list _____ things you should look for in the eyes. --Discharge --Discoloration (red or yellow) --Third eyelid (nictitating membrane) showing Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What do you call the cat’s third eyelid? --Nictitating membrane? Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Where do you find a cat’s nictitating membrane? --In the eye Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 1 List _____ things you should look for when checking a cat’s ears. --Clean --redness --Dark waxy accumulation Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 1 List _____ things you should look for while brushing or combing your cat’s fur. --Unusual lumps --Swelling --Hair loss --Fleas --Ticks --Cat’s weight --Condition of fur Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What are a cat’s vital signs? Respiration, pulse, temperature Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 2 How many breaths per minute does a healthy cat take when resting? --20 – 30 Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What happens to a cat’s breathing when it is ill? --the breaths become shallower and more rapid Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How do you check a cat’s respiration rate? --Observe the cat when it is resting quietly. One rise and fall of the chest equals one breath. Count the breaths for 30 seconds, then double that amount for the respiration rate. Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What is the normal resting pulse rate of a cat? --112 to 160 beats per minute Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 4

How do you check a cat’s pulse rate? --Lightly press against the inside of an upper hind leg on the femoral artery. Count the beats for 30 seconds and double the figure for the pulse rate. Page 23 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What is a cat’s normal temperature? --100.5 to 102.5 degrees Page 23 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What should you do if a cat’s temperature reaches 108 degrees? --Immediately cool it off in a cold-water bath Page 23 Column 2 Paragraph 1 How do you check a cat’s temperature? --Have someone restrain and comfort the cat. Shake down a rectal thermometer and lubricate it with petroleum jell, mineral oil or cooking oil. Insert the thermometer into the anus, twisting slightly to relax the muscles. Insert so the bulb is aimed straight at the head and goes in about one inch. Leave in about two minutes. Remove, wipe off and read. Page 23 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Name _____ diseases, in addition to rabies, that 4-H cats are generally required to be immunized for. --Panleukopenia --Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis --Feline Calicivirus --Feline Chlamydiosis Page 24 Column 1 Paragraph2 – Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is another name for panleukopenia? --Feline infectious enteritis --Feline Distemper Page 24 Column 1 Paragraph 3 At what age should a kitten be immunized for panleukopenia? --Six weeks, then boostered 3-4 weeks later Page 24 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How often should an adult cat be immunized for panleukopenia? --Once per year Page 24 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What are the three most common upper respiratory diseases in cats? --Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis --Feline Calicivirus --Feline Chlamydiosis Page 24 Column 1 Paragraph 3

What is another name for Feline Chlamydiosis? --Pneumonitis Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What causes Rhinotracheitis? --A herpes virus Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is another name for Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis? --Feline herpes Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What causes Chlamydiosis? --A rickettsia Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is a rickettsia? --A cross between a virus and a bacterium Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What causes Calicivirus? --A virus similar to the human cold virus Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 How are the upper respiratory illnesses transmitted? --Direct contact --Airborne drop0lets --Contaminated cages, dishes or litter boxes Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 How long can viruses live outside a cat’s body? --24 hours to 3 days Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Name _____ symptoms of upper respiratory disease. --Sneezing --Coughing --Watery discharge from eyes and/or nose --Loss of appetite --Weight loss --Listless and weak --Depression --Fever --Mouth and tongue ulcers Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 2 At what age should kittens be immunized against the upper respiratory diseases? --Six weeks and boostered 3-4 weeks later Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How often should an adult cat be immunized against the upper respiratory diseases? --Once per year Page 24 Column 2 Paragraph 2

Which animals are susceptible to rabies? --All warm-blooded animals including humans Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What causes Rabies? --A virus Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How is rabies transmitted? --through a bite wound or through a break in the skin through which saliva may enter the body Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What are the three stages of rabies symptoms? --Prodromal stage --Excitatory stage --Paralytic stage Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Give _____ symptoms of the prodromal state of rabies. --Uneasiness --Anxiety --Irritability --Sensitive to light --Sensitive to noise --May stop eating and drinking, yet urinate frequently Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Give _____symptoms of the excitatory state of rabies. --Becomes excited --Becomes aggressive --May have difficulty swallowing --Loud noise or sudden movement may send into a biting, scratching frenzy Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What happens during the paralytic stage of rabies? --Body becomes progressively paralyzed, starting at the head and neck, then death Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What is “furious” rabies? --The excitatory state is prolonged and the paralytic stage is very short Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What is “dumb” rabies? --Very few symptoms of the excitatory stage, but the paralytic stage is very long Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 2 When should a kitten be vaccinated against rabies? --No younger than three months Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 2

How often should an adult cat receive a rabies immunization? --Once a year or once every three years, depending upon which vaccine is given Page 25 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What causes Feline Leukemia? --A type of virus called a retrovirus Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is the major fatal infectious disease found in cats today --Feline Leukemia Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 1 How is the feline leukemia virus transmitted? --By saliva, feces and urine Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 1 If a cat is exposed to feline leukemia, one of three things will happen. List them. --It will not become infected --It will become infected, but will develop immunity --It will develop symptoms after an incubation period of anywhere from a few weeks to several years Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Give _____ symptoms of feline leukemia. --Anemia --Fever --Vomiting --Diarrhea --Breathing Problems --Tumors Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are the tumors associated with feline leukemia called? --Lymphosarcomas Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What should you do if your cat tests positive for feline leukemia? --Keep it isolated from all other cats Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 2 If your cat tests negative for feline leukemia, what can you do? --Immunize yearly Page 25 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is similar to what disease in humans --AIDS Page 26 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What is the best way to prevent feline immunodeficiency virus disease? --Keep cat indoors Page 26 Column 1 Paragraph 3

If a cats test negative to feline leukemia but has symptoms of that illness, what other disease might be suspected? --Feline immunodeficiency disease Page 26 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What is peritonitis? --Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity or chest cavity Page 26 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What causes Feline Infectious Peritonitis --A corona virus Page 26 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What causes Feline Infectious Anemia? --A bacteria called rickettsiae Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What causes the spread of feline infectious anemia? --Blood sucking insects, usually fleas Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How do you treat feline infectious anemia? --Antibiotics for three weeks Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Feline Urologic Syndrome can be either of two illnesses. What are they? --Cystitis --Urolithiasis Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What is cystitis? --Inflammation of the urinary bladder Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What is urolithiasis? --Formation of stones in the lower urinary tract Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Which type of cat is most likely to develop feline urologic syndrome? --Neutered males Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What may happen if a cat is not treated for feline urologic syndrome right away? --Uremic poisoning, kidney failure and death Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What are causes of feline urologic syndrome? --Bladder inflammation --High concentration of minerals in the urine Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 3

What can cause a high concentration of minerals in a cat’s urine? --Feeding a diet high in minerals (ash) especially magnesium Page 26 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Give _____ symptoms of feline urologic syndrome. --Bloody urine --Frequent urination --Inability to urinate Page 27 Column 1 Paragraph 1 List _____ ways to help prevent feline urologic syndrome --Encourage more exercise --Prevent obesity --Keep the litter pan clean --Feed a low magnesium diet --Always have fresh water available Page 27 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What is a parasite? --An organism that lives in or on another animal Page 27 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Which internal parasite is the most common? --roundworms Page 27 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is another name for a roundworm? --Ascarid Page 27 Column 2 Paragraph 2 Give _____ symptoms of roundworms in a kitten. --Failure to thrive --Dull coat --Round potbellied appearance Page 27 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How are roundworms transmitted? --Eggs are passed in feces, contaminating the ground or litter box Page 27 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How can you tell if an adult cat has roundworms? --Check feces for eggs --Cat may pass a few spaghetti-like worms in feces --Cat may vomit a few worms Page 27 Column 2 Paragraph 2

How can you prevent tapeworms? --Eliminate fleas from the cat --Eliminate fleas in the house --Do not allow cat to hunt and eat rodents Page 28 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Roundworms and tapeworms are the most common worms found in cats in our state. Give _____ other worms which are much more rare. --Hookworms --Lungworms --Heartworms --Whipworms --Threadworms Page 28 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What are the two most common diseases caused by protozoa? --Coccidiosis --Toxoplasmosis Page 28 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Why is it that a pregnant woman should not clean a cat’s litter box? --They can become infected with Toxoplasmosis, which can cause birth defects or miscarriage Page 28 Column 2 Paragraph 5 What are the four most common external parasites? --Fleas, ticks, mites, lice Page 29 Column 1 Paragraph 3 List _____ things that may happen if an infestation of ear mites is left untreated. --Loss of balance --bacterial infection --Loss of hearing --Blocked ear canal Page 29 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is the cat’s most common parasite? --Fleas Page 29 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is the lifetime of a flea? --One year Page 29 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What are the four life stages of a flea? --Egg, larva, cocoon, adult Page 29 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is military dermatitis? --Skin disorder caused by allergy to flea saliva Page 29 Column 2 Paragraph 2

How are lice transmitted? --Direct contact with infected cat --Contact with bedding or grooming equipment recently used by infected cat Page 30 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Where are ticks usually found on a cat? --Around the ears, neck or between the toes Page 30 Col 1 Paragraph 2 What is the best way to remove a tick? --Use a large tweezers to grasp the head of the tick as close to the cat’s skin as you can get and gently pull straight out Page 30 Column 1 Paragraph 2 How can you treat a cat you suspect has a hairball? --Give it lubricants such as mineral oil to help the cat get rid of it by vomiting or passing with feces Page 31 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How can you prevent hairballs? --Frequent brushing and an occasional dose of lubricant such as the oil from a can of tuna Page 31 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What causes abscesses? --Bacteria from other cat’s teeth and claws are injected into the skin through puncture wounds Page 31 Column 1 Paragraph 2 How do you treat an abscess? --A veterinarian will open it up so it can drain, then give antibiotics and keep it clean Page 31 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What causes ringworm? --A fungus Page 31 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What are the symptoms of ringworm? --Circular patches of hair loss with scaling and crusting on the skin Page 31 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How do you prevent the spread of ringworm? --Treat all other animals as well as the infected cat --Sanitize, disinfect or destroy anything that the cat has come in contact with Page 31 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What are some good disinfectants to use when trying to prevent spread of disease or parasites? --Alcohol or diluted household bleach Page 31 Column 2 Paragraph 1

What could happen if a cat has diarrhea longer than 24 hours? --It could become dehydrated Page 31 Column 2 Paragraph 4 What is spaying? --Surgical removal of ovaries, oviducts and uterus of a female cat Page 33 Column 1 Paragraph 4 At what age should a female cat be spayed? --Six months Page 33 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What are _____ advantages of spaying a female cat? --Prevents unwanted kittens --Lessens the chance of mammary tumors, which adds to the longevity of the cat --Eliminates the restlessness, nervousness, rolling and noisy crying of recurring heat periods Page 33 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is neutering? --Surgical removal of the testes, epididymis and vas deferens of the male cat Page 33 Column 2 Paragraph 2 At what age can a male cat be neutered? --Any time after six months of age Page 33 Column 2 Paragraph 2 How do unaltered male cats “mark their territory”? --They spray urine that has a strong odor Page 33 Column 2 Paragraph 2 At what age will an unaltered male cat begin to spray? --About ten months Page 33 Column 2 Paragraph 2 List _____ advantages to neutering a male cat. --Cannot impregnate a female cat --Lessens desire to roam and get in fights with other cats --If done before it begins to spray, the cat usually will not develop the habit of spraying Page 33 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is the procedure that is done to declaw a cat? --The end bone of the toe, which holds the claw and nail bed, is clipped off at the joint Page 33 Column 2 Paragraph 3 How long does the life cycle of a flea last? --From a few weeks to over two years Page 29 Column 2 Paragraph 2

What is the best way to prevent external parasites? --Once-a-month topical products Page 30 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How long should a person wait to take a cat to a veterinarian if it has persistent vomiting or diarrhea? --24 hours Page 31 Column 2 Paragraph 3&4 What is tail gland hyperplasia? --A skin disease caused by overactive sebaceous glands along the top of the tail, resulting in blackheads Page 32 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What is feline acne? --A common skin disease, with blackheads forming on the chin and lower lip, caused by failure to clean its skin Page 32 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What may cause deafness? --Aging --Serious head injury --Disease of the ear --Congenital Page 32 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What is plaque? --A soft material formed by food particles and bacteria that builds up on the teeth Page 32 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What happens if plaque is not removed from the teeth? --It becomes calcified and causes gingivitis Page 32 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What is gingivitis? --Inflammation of the gums Page 32 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What happens if gingivitis is not treated? --Causes a constant low level infection leading to kidney disease or heart disease Page 32 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What is the most common form of heart disease in a cat? --Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Page 32 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? --A genetic disorder where the heart muscle grows too big and cannot pump blood effectively Page 32 Column 2 Paragraph 2

What is the leading cause of death in older cats? --Kidney disease Page 32 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What are signs that a cat may have kidney disease? --The cat drinks and urinates excessive amounts Page 32 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Which cats are most vulnerable to diabetes? --Overweight and/or elderly Page 32 Column 2 Paragraph 4 What causes hyperthyroidism? --A tumor on the thyroid gland Page 32 Column 2 Paragraph 5 Why are cheat grass and foxtails a danger for cats? --The seeds (awns) have a barb at the point which can penetrate the cat’s skin and are difficult to pull out Page 33 Column 1 Paragraph 2 Chapter 7 – Emergencies and First Aid What are the first things you should do if you cat is injured? --Restrain gently with a blanket or towel --Comfort with soothing tones and call it by its name --Take to a veterinarian Page 34 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How do you move an injured cat? --Place a blanket or towel just behind the cat. Place one hand under the shoulder and one hand under the flanks and lift just enough to move onto the blanket. Place in a box on car seat beside you so you can control it and prevent further injury Page 34 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What is shock? --a state of circulatory collapse Page 34 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Give _____ things that can cause shock? --Severe accident --Loss of blood --Heart failure --Toxins --Injury to nervous system Page 34 Column 2 Paragraph 3

How do you control bleeding? --Apply pressure to the bleeding area with a folded pad of clean cloth. Take to a veterinarian. Page 34 Column 2 Paragraph 4 How do you treat burns? --Run cool water over the burned area, keep the burn covered with cool, moist compresses, take to a veterinarian Page 35 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What do you do if a cat has a broken bone? --Keep cat quiet and restrict motion. If bleeding, apply pressure at a point between the injury and the heart. Take to a veterinarian. Page 35 Column 1 Paragraph 4 What are the symptoms of heat stroke? --Panting --Rapid breathing --Salivating --Vomiting --Loss of alertness --Warm, dry skin --Rapid heartbeat --High fever --Collapse Page 35 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What do you do in case of drowning? --Immediately hold cat upside down to drain water out of lungs, then apply artificial respiration until cat starts breathing on its own. Wrap in a warm blanket. Take to a veterinarian Page 36 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What should you do if a cat has suffered frostbite? --Take to a warm place --Apply warm (not hot) moist compresses to area, do not rub --Antiseptic cream may be applied to keep skin from drying or peeling --Take to a veterinarian Page 36 Column 1 Paragraph 2 What should you do if a cat has been bitten by a poisonous snake? --Put ice or an ice pack around the wound --Keep cat quiet --Take to a veterinarian Page 36 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Give _____ symptoms of poisoning. --Drooling --Vomiting --Diarrhea --Listlessness --Labored breathing --Trembling --Convulsions --Collapse Page 36 Column 2 Paragraph 1

Give _____ of the most common things poisonous to cats. --Household disinfectants --Nicotine products --Detergents --Insects --Antifreeze --Medications --Household plants --Aspirin --Rat or insect poison --Acetaminophen --Lye --Alcoholic beverages --Paint --Flea products made for dogs --Turpentine --Spoiled food --Drinking water from chemically treated toilets Page 36 Column 2 Paragraph 1 Give _____ symptoms that may indicate a cat has swallowed something dangerous. --Vomiting --Restlessness --Salivation --Dehydration --Cramped walking --Signs of discomfort Page 36 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What are the symptoms of shock? --Weak, rapid pulse --Drop in body temperature --Pale mouth and gums --Rapid breathing --Depression --Sudden gentleness Page 34 Column 2 Paragraph 3 How do you treat a puncture wound? --Try to cover the wound with an airtight seal, using plastic or gauze Page 35 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How do you treat a minor cut that does not need stitches? --Wash it out and apply First Aid Ointment (for animals) Page 35 Column 1 Paragraph 1 How do you treat a cat for smoke inhalation? --Remove from smoky area, apply artificial respiration, treat for shock, keep in fresh air, have veterinarian check for pneumonia Page 35 Column 1 Paragraph 3 How do you treat heat stroke? --Immediately reduce the temperature by wetting the entire cat except for the head, using the coldest water available. Wipe the water from the fur and apply fresh water. Repeat this about twice per minute. Stop treatments when cat’s temperature reaches 103 degrees. Have veterinarian check cat to determine if oxygen therapy is needed to prevent brain damage. Page 35 Column 2 Paragraph 1 What should a person do if a cat is having a convulsion? --Do not handle the cat during a convulsion except to wrap it in a soft towel or blanket to prevent it doing damage to itself or being scratched, then take to a veterinarian Page 35 Column 2 Paragraph 2

What are zoonoses? --Diseases that humans can get from animals. Page 37 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Name _____ zoonoses a person can get from a cat? --Toxoplasmosis --Ringworm --Cat Scratch Fever --Rabies Page 37 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Chapter 8 – Traveling With Your Cat If you must travel away from home, what is the best thing to do with your cat? --Leave it at home under the care of a neighbor or place it in a boarding kennel Page 37 Column 1 Paragraph 3 If you must travel with your cat, how can you prepare the cat ahead of time? --Place it in a carrier and take on short local trips. If the cat suffers motion sickness, discuss prevention methods with your veterinarian. Page 37 Column 1 Paragraph 2 How often should you let your cat use the litter pan while on a long trip? --Every 3-4 hours Page 37 Column 2 Paragraph 3 When traveling with your cat, what should you do with it when you first arrive at your lodging? --Place litter pan and cat in the bathroom and close the door while you are unloading the car. Page 37 Column 2 Paragraph 3 While traveling with a cat, give _____ instances when you should confine it to a carrier. --While traveling in the car --Overnight when in a room --Whenever you leave the room Page 37 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Chapter 9 – Vocabulary Note: All of the following questions are from pages 38 and 39. What is an abnormality? --Something unusual, not typical or average What does abort mean? --Expelling kittens from the uterus before they are able to live What is an amino acid? --The primary material of protein

What is anatomy? The primary structure of the body or any of its parts What is an ancestor? --the stock from which an animal has descended; forefather What is an anesthetic? --A drug that stops pain What is an antibody? --A substance produced by white blood cells that helps fight illness-causing agents such as bacteria What is artificial respiration? --Forcing air into and out of the lungs of an animal that is not breathing What are bacteria? --Microscopic organisms that can produce disease What is a breed? --A group of cats with similar, defined characteristics and related ancestry What is cardiovascular? --Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels What does carnivorous mean? --Meat eating What is a characteristic? --a distinguishing feature or quality What is the circulatory system? --Organs and tissues involved in circulating blood through an animal What is conformation? --The body form of a cat, including size and shape, characteristic of its breed; type What is conjunctivitis? --Inflammation of the membrane lining the inner eyelid and eyeball What does contagious mean? --Able to be passed from one animal to another What is a convulsion? --Twisting of the body caused by a violent muscle contraction What is dehydration? --Loss of water or moisture

What does digestible mean? --A substance that can be converted by the body to be used for nourishment What does discriminate mean? -To note or observe a difference What is a disease? --A condition of the body in which there is incorrect function due to heredity, infection, diet or environment; illness; sickness What does domesticate mean? --To tame; to change from wild to household or family use What is frostbite? --Inflammation of the flesh caused by exposure to extreme cold What is gingivitis? --Inflammation of the gums What is a hybrid? --The result of a mating between two different breeds What is immunity? --Protected from a particular disease What is incubation? --The period of time between infection and showing signs of disease What does indigenous mean? --Originating in a particular region or country What is infection? --Affected with disease-producing germs What is an infestation? --Overrun by a large number of something troublesome, like fleas What is an inflammation? --Redness, swelling, heat and/or tenderness of a part of the body What does ingesting mean? --Taking into the body, such as food or liquid What does isolate mean? --Keep separate from other animals

What does lactating mean? --Producing milk What is lithe? --Flexible or limber What does longevity mean? --the length or duration of life What does lubricate mean? --To make slippery or smooth What is malnutrition? --Food materials not properly balanced or not enough to be taken in and utilized effectively What is a mucous membrane? --The lining of an inner part of the body that produces mucous What is the musculature? --The system of muscles of the body What is a mutation? --The change of a characteristic caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome What does obese mean? --Extremely overweight What is physiology? --The processes or functions of a body or a part of the body What is pigmentation? --Coloration of the skin What is a progenitor? --An ancestor or forefather What is a protein? --A substance made up of amino acids required for all life processes in animals What is regurgitation? --Return of partially digested food from the stomach to the mouth What is reproduction? --The natural process by which new individuals are created What is retractable? --Able to be drawn back

What is salivating? --Producing watery fluid in the mouth What is sedentary? --Sitting or resting a great deal with little exercise What is a seizure? --A sudden attack characterized by fits or convulsions What is self-mutilation? --To injure or disfigure oneself What does spontaneous mean? --An unplanned result coming from a natural process What does susceptible mean? --Capable of becoming ill or injured What does symptom mean? --A sign or indication of a disease or disorder What is a tranquilizer? --A drug that has a calming effect What is a vaccination? --The implanting of a disease in an animal by the introduction of germs or a virus, as through a puncture, in order to produce a milk form of the disease, thereby securing immunity What is a virus? --A disease-producing microorganism that causes many of the most serious cat diseases and cannot be treated with antibiotics What do we call something that is unusual or not typical or average? --Abnormal What is the primary material of protein? --Amino acids What do we call the structure of the body or any of its parts? --Anatomy What do we call a drug that stops pain? --Anesthetic What do we call the substance produced by white blood cells that helps fight illness causing agents such as bacteria? --Antibody

What do we call the forcing of air into and out of the lungs of an animal that is not breathing? --Artificial respiration What is the microscopic organism that can cause disease? --bacteria What do we call a group of cats with similar, defined characteristics and related ancestry? --A breed What is the word that means pertaining to the heart and blood vessels? --Cardiovascular What is the word meaning a distinguishing feature or quality? --Characteristic What is the word meaning meat-eating? --Carnivorous What do we call the inflammation of the membrane lining the inner eye and eyeball? --Conjunctivitis What do we call the loss of water? --Dehydration A substance that can be converted by the body to be used for nourishment is said to be what? --Digestible What is another word for an illness or sickness? --Disease What do we call the inflammation of the flesh caused by extreme cold? --Frostbite What do we call the inflammation of gums? --Gingivitis

What do we call the result of a mating between two different breeds? --Hybrid What do we call the protection from a particular disease? --Immunity What do we call the period of time between infection and showing signs of disease? --Incubation What do we call redness or swelling of a part of the body? --Inflammation

What do we call the producing of milk? --Lactating What is another word for flexible or limber? --Lithe What do we call the length or duration of life? --Longevity What is the word meaning to make slippery or smooth? --Lubricate If food materials are not properly balanced or there is not enough to be taken in and utilized effectively, what occurs? --Malnutrition What do we call the change of a characteristic caused by a change in a gene or chromosome? --Mutation What is the document that records the line of ancestors of a purebred animal called? --Pedigree If we are studying the processes or functions of a body or a part of the body, what are we studying? --Physiology What is the coloration of skin called? --Pigmentation What is another word for ancestor or forefather? --Progenitor What do we call a substance made up of amino acids? --Protein If an animal’s ancestors are all from the same recognized breed, what do we call that animal? --Purebred What is the return of partially digested food from the stomach to the mouth? --regurgitation What is the natural process by which new individuals are created? --Reproduction What is the system pertaining to breathing? --Respiratory

If an animal is producing water fluid in its mouth, we say it is doing what? --Salivating If an animal is sitting or resting a great deal with little exercise, we say it is what? --Sedentary What is a sudden attack characterized by fits of convulsions? --Seizure What do we call the unplanned result coming from a natural process? --Spontaneous What do we call a sign or indication of a disease or disorder? --Symptom What is a drug that has a calming effect? --Tranquilizer

These questions come from the Welcome to 4-H material Where in the world can you find 4-H programs? --In all 50 states and in 82 other countries Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What do the 4-H colors stand for? --Green: life, springtime, youth White: fresh, clean Page 3 Column 1 Paragraph 2 When is the 4-H Pledge said? --At the beginning of a meeting Page 8 Column 1 Paragraph 7 4-H in our state is part of which two organizations? --Washington State University and United States Department of Agriculture Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 3 Name three kinds of people who help bring 4-H to the members? --Extension Agents, 4-H Leaders and Friends of 4-H Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 7 When did 4-H begin? --In the early 1900’s Page 3 Column 2 Paragraph 2

There are seven programs from which projects may be selected. Name _____ of them. --Animal Sciences --Expressive Arts --Family Living --Mechanical Sciences --Natural Resources --Social Sciences --Plant Sciences Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What are the three types of 4-H program groups? --4-H Clubs --Special Interest Groups --School Enrichment Groups Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 1 What are the four types of leaders? --Club, project, activity and teen Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 3 What does the Extension Agent do? --Plans county programs --Furnishes project material --Helps leaders organize clubs and special 4-H groups --Trains 4-H leaders --Coordinates county events Page 5 Column 2 Paragraph 4 What do the 4-H Specialists at Washington State University do? --Train 4-H Agents and Leaders --Develop and maintain new and existing programs Page 6 column 1 Paragraph 1 What are some of the projects in the Animal Sciences program? --Dairy, livestock, companion animals, veterinary science Page 5 column 1 Paragraph 3 What are some of the projects in the Expressive Arts program? --Creative arts, performing arts Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What are some of the projects in the Family Living program? --Introduction to Family Living, Clothing, Foods and Nutrition, Money Management Page 5 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What does the club president do? --Is in charge of club meetings and keeps them orderly Page 8 Column 2 Paragraph 1

How does exhibiting project results help a member? --Shows others what they are doing --Helps members find where they can improve --Gives a sense of pride and accomplishment Page 6 Column 2 Paragraph 4 “Welcome to 4-H” lists 14 different activities in which members can learn by taking part. Name _____ of them. --Project work --4-H Camp --Demonstrations (public presentations) --Record Keeping --4-H Exchanges --Know Your Government --Recreation --Club Projects --4-H Teen Forum or Conference --County Contests --Exhibits --National 4-H Congress --National 4-H Conference --International 4-H Youth Exchange Page 6 Columns 1 & 2 What are the four parts of a good 4-H Club meeting? --Opening, business, education, fun Page 8 Column 1 Paragraph 7 What occurs during the opening part of a 4-H Club meeting? --Call to order, Pledge of Allegiance, 4-H Pledge Page 8 Column 1 Paragraph 7 What is done during the business part of a 4-H Club meeting? --roll call, Secretary’s Report, Treasurer’s Report, Committee Reports, Old Business, New Business Page 8 Column 1 Paragraph 7 What happens during the education part of a 4-H Club meeting? --Program, demonstrations, talks, films, speaker Page 8 Column 1 Paragraph 7 What happens during the “fun” part of a 4-H Club meeting? --Recreation, Group Singing, Skits, Entertainment, Refreshments Page 8 Column 1 Paragraph 7 Besides ribbons and premium money, what are some other forms of recognition common in 4-H? --Certificates of Completion --Medals --Achievement Pins -- --Scholarships to camp, state conferences and national events Page 9 Column 2 Paragraph 2 What is the difference between a club meeting and a project meeting? --At a club meeting, members talk about what they plan to do as a group. At a project meeting, members work on their projects Page 8 Column 1 Paragraph 6

What is the proper way to make a motion during a meeting? --Raise your hand and when called on, say, “I move that ----“ Page 9 Column 1 Paragraph 1 If a member makes a motion during a meeting, what must happen before it can be discussed? --Another member must second the motion Page 9 Column 1 Paragraph 1 Why is project work important? --It helps members gain knowledge and skills and learn to take responsibilities Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 3 Why is it important to do demonstrations (public presentations)? --Members show and tell others about what they have learned and this is the first step toward helping others and developing leadership Page 6 Column 1 Paragraph 3 What are the benefits of recordkeeping? --Members keep track of what they are learning --Develop a business sense --Write their 4-H Story What is the proper way to make a motion? --Raise your hand and when called on, say, “I move that ----“. Page 9 Column 1 Paragraph 1 “Welcome to 4-H” lists 14 different activities in which 4-H members can learn by taking part. Name _____ of them. --Project work --4-H Camp --Demonstrations (Public Presentations) --Record Keeping --4-H Exchanges --Know Your Government --Recreation --Club Projects --4-H Teen Forum or Conference --County Contests --Exhibits --National 4-H Congress --National 4-H Conference --International 4-H Youth Exchange Page 6 Columns 1 & 2