UNIT C Review

Key Terms Review1. Create a concept map, with the term “climate

change” at the centre, that links all the termsin the list below. Use additional words toclarify your understanding.

Key Concept Review

Earth’s climate system is a result ofinteractions among its components.

2. Explain the difference between weather andclimate.

3. Give an example of climate and an example ofweather that illustrate the difference betweenthese concepts.

4. Create a diagram to illustrate how convectiontransfers heat.

5. List the layers of Earth’s atmosphere, andnote one fact about each.

6. Explain how temperature varies with altitudein Earth’s atmosphere.

7. Describe two examples of the effect of climateon your daily life.

8. In a sentence, identify the main source ofEarth’s energy.

9. Define “thermal energy.”

10. Describe Earth’s biosphere.

11. Describe the interactions of components inEarth’s biosphere.

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albedoanthropogenic greenhouse effectatmospherebiomesbiospherecarbon footprintcarbon offsetscarbon sinkcarbon sourcecarbon taxclimateconductionconfidence levelconvectionCoriolis effecteconomic systememissions tradingfossil fuelsglobal warminggreenhouse gaseshydrosphereinsolationKyoto Protocollithospheremitigationnatural greenhouse effectnet radiation budgetpersistencepositive feedback looppotentialradiationrunaway positive feedback loopsalinitysequesteredsolar radiationsustainable developmentthermal energyweatherwind

ACHIEVEMENT CHART CATEGORIES

Knowledge and understanding Thinking and investigation

Communication Applicationac

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C Review

Biome Climate Wildlife

Tundra

Boreal forest

Temperatedeciduous forest

Temperate grassland

Temperateconiferous forest

Mountains

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13. Explain why Earth’s net radiation budgetneeds to be in balance.

14. Draw a diagram showing how thermal energyis transferred in the atmosphere.

15. Draw a diagram showing how thermal energyis transferred in the hydrosphere.

16. Make a list of the effects of thermal energytransfer on Earth.

Earth’s climate system is influenced byhuman activity.

17. In a sentence for each, explain how climatechange might affect the following:

(a) coral reefs

(b) Pacific salmon

(c) frogs and toads

(d) Naumra's jellyfish

(e) clams and snails

18. Describe how people in Canada andAfganistan affect greenhouse gas emissions.How will the two societies be able to dealwith the effects of climate change?

19. Distinguish between the terms naturalgreenhouse effect, anthropogenic greenhouseeffect, and global warming.

20. State the name of the internationalorganization that assesses scientificinformation on climate change.

21. Give an example of and describe a physicaleffect of climate change that would affect youin Ontario.

22. Describe two pieces of evidence that point to the fact that climate change is occurring now.

23. Draw a table like the one below, and nameand describe the physical effects of climatechange on Earth.

24. Describe the physical effect of climate changecaptured in the photograph below.

Question 24

25. Different economic sectors contributedifferent amounts to Canada’s greenhouse gasemissions. Capture the information in thisgraph in two to three sentences. a

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Physical effect Description

Physical Effects of Climate Change

Canada’s 2004 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector

4%Waste

7%Agricultural 1% Solvent and

other product use11% Residential, commercial,and institutional

22%Transportation

20% Fossil fuelindustry

18% Mining andmanufacturing industries

17%Electricityand heatgeneration

Question 25

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UNIT C Review

26. Dealing with climate change issues willrequire changes in thinking as well aschanges in behaviour. How do you thinkthese issues affect the amount of evidenceindividuals need in order to act?

27. Describe the following initiatives:

(a) ENERGY STAR

(b) Ontario’s Drive Clean program

28. How does a simple act such as hanginglaundry out to dry address climate change?Think of another similar idea you would bewilling to try.

29. Explain why developed and developingcountries are treated differently in the KyotoProtocol.

Local, national, and internationalgovernments are taking action onclimate change.

30. Why are the citizens of G8 countriesresponsible for a disproportionate amount ofgreenhouse gas emissions?

31. Humans will be affected greatly by the effectsof climate change, but so will otherorganisms. Why are people concerned thatsome organisms would be negatively affectedwhile others may be positively affected?

32. Why do you think it is important to learnabout physical effects of climate change thatmay not have a direct or severe impact onyour own region?

33. How does the idea in the photograph belowreflect the climate change issue?

34. Why do developing and developed countriesdiffer in their contributions to climatechange?

Connect Your Understanding35. Explain why gases such as carbon dioxide,

methane, and nitrous oxide have a greaterimpact in causing changes to Earth’s climatethan does water vapour.

36. What is the position of the IPCC on therelationship between the average globaltemperature increase and greenhouse gasemissions?

37. Thinking in terms of “systems” means thatmany issues must be considered at the sametime in order for true solutions to arise. Howdoes this apply to tackling climate changeissues?

38. How has computer modelling influencedpublic opinion on climate change?

39. A developed country such as Canada hasresources to deal with some of the physicaleffects of climate change. However, othercountries have less adaptive capacity to dealwith these physical effects. What do you feelare the obligations of developed countries todeveloping countries in providing technology,assistance, and financial aid to deal withclimate-change issues? Think about yourresponse, then share your ideas with aclassmate.

40. The physical effects of climate change willaffect different parts of Earth in differentways. Pick one of the physical effects, andshow how it might affect Canada, then statehow it might affect a different part of theworld in a different way.

41. Write a persuasive paragraph or create a mindmap to explain how the science of climatechange is related to both the physical andsocial impacts of climate change.

42. How might science and technology play a rolein minimizing the societal effects of climatechange? a

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U N I TC Review (continued)

Question 33

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43. Aerosol pollution has a net cooling effect onclimate. What are the implications for climatechange data as aerosol pollution decreases?

44. For each sector below, list an adaptationstrategy and describe a possible governmentpolicy and some implementationconsiderations.

(a) water

(b) agriculture

(c) human health

(d) electrical energy

45. Explain why it is important to understandprinciples of the natural greenhouse effectbefore studying the anthropogenicgreenhouse effect.

46. For each photograph below, write a captionthat links it to climate, climate change, and/ora regional or global consequence of climatechange.

Skills Practice47. The towns of Moosonee, Ontario, and

Farnborough, England, are located at similarlatitudes. Construct a climatograph for bothtowns, using the data in the tables below.Write a paragraph describing the climates ofboth towns, and propose reasons for anydifferences. a

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371UNIT C Review

Question 46

MonthAverage

Temperature (°C)Average

Precipitation (mm)

Jan –20.7 33.9

Feb –18.4 22.7

Mar –11.7 31.7

Apr –2.4 39.0

May 6.2 53.7

June 11.9 71.1

July 15.4 101.3

Aug 14.4 75.8

Sept 9.4 90.0

Oct 3.4 73.3

Nov –4.7 54.3

Dec –16.3 34.7

Average Climate Conditions 1971–2000, of Moosonee, Ontario, Canada, 51°16'N

MonthAverage

Temperature (°C)Average

Precipitation (mm)

Jan 4.7 62.5

Feb 4.8 40.6

Mar 6.9 47.7

Apr 8.7 47.6

May 12.0 51.1

June 14.8 51.6

July 17.3 39.6

Aug 17.0 49.4

Sept 14.3 61.2

Oct 10.9 71.2

Nov 7.2 60.3

Dec 5.6 64.5

Average Climate Conditions, 1971–2000, of Farnborough, England, 51°29'N

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UNIT C Review

48. Imagine that farmers in an area near yourcommunity are reporting that the growingseason is longer than in the past. Write ahypothesis to explain this observation.Describe how you might use weather recordsto test your hypothesis.

49. From the data presented in the climatographbelow, write a travel brochure for visitors toCaracas. Include information such as the besttime of year to visit, the type of clothing theyshould bring, and what kind ofaccommodation would be appropriate for acomfortable stay in this climate.

50. If you had the opportunity to visit any city inthe world, what would it be? (a) Look up the local weather in that city, and

explain what you would pack for the tripif you were going today.

(b) Classify the biome that the city is locatedin, and write a paragraph describing itscharacteristics.

(c) Prepare a climatograph for this city or amajor city nearby based on availableinformation.

(d) Using your climatograph, pick the monthyou would plan for your trip.

51. Below is a horticulture map for Ontario,which shows the plant hardiness zones.

(a) What biome does zone 1b belong in?

(b) What is the biome of zone 7a?

(c) Why would gardeners find this mapuseful?

(d) Is this map similar to the biome map inFigure 7.13 (page 272)? Explain why orwhy not.

Revisit the Big Ideas and FundamentalConcepts52. Earth’s climate system is dynamic and a

result of interaction among its manycomponents. Write a paragraph or draw apicture to illustrate this idea.

53. The global climate is changing, mainlybecause of human activities. Write apersuasive paragraph explaining thesignificance of these human activities. c

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U N I TC Review (continued)

average precipitationaverage temperature

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J F M A MMonth

Caracus, Venezuela, 10.60°N

J J A S O N D

Source: World Climate

Question 49

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Sault Ste. Marie

Sudbury

Thunder Bay

Kenora

TorontoKingston

Niagara Falls

Ottawa

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Question 51

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54. Lifestyles change in many ways overgenerations. The photograph below showsteenagers doing the jive, a popular dance inthe 1950s. How is your life today differentfrom the life of the teenagers in thephotograph? Have those lifestyle differenceshad a positive or negative impact ongreenhouse gas emissions? Explain.

55. Changes in Earth’s climate will have globaland regional consequences, and people have aresponsibility to assess their impact onclimate change and identify effective coursesof action to reduce this impact. Make a list offive ways you can reduce your personalimpact on climate change and three ways youcan influence corporate and/or governmentalaction on climate change. Rank these ways inorder of easiest to hardest to implement.

Science, Technology, Society,and the Environment

56. One way municipal governments try toencourage people to reduce their effects onEarth is through programs such as green bincomposting. This program diverts waste fromlandfills by turning organic material intocompost for use in parks and gardens. Thinkabout what you have learned in this unit andhow your family makes use of theseprograms. Perhaps you already use the greenbin regularly, or perhaps green bincomposting is not available in your area. How could you turn what you have learnedand your personal situation into a plan foraction?

57. Oceans cover about 70 percent of Earth’ssurface. Ocean currents affect heat transferand precipitation patterns around the globe.As oceans become warmer, and less saline,their currents may change. This may, in turn,affect the climate.

(a) How will oceans become warmer and lesssaline?

(b) How could ocean warming and reducedsalinity affect the mechanisms that drivethe ocean currents?

(c) Will modified ocean currents affect peopleand/or the environment in the future?

58. Consider the statement “Climate change willhave profound effects on life as we know itunless action is taken immediately.” Whatevidence would you consider beforeresponding?

Reflection59. State your opinion of the current climate

change situation in any format you choose. c

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STSE

Question 54

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