Unit III: Rome

● Essential Questions: ● What is classical and what are the inherent biases and differences in the

concept of Eastern vs. Western? ● How did belief systems change and develop from ancient times? ● How did human beings continue to organize themselves in a more

complex manner and what made certain empires rise and fall? ● Why did empires develop in similar ways despite geographic isolation?

● Objective: Be able to evaluate geography and analyze secondary source material in order to list and describe the development of early Rome.

Days 1: Introduction to Rome

● What do you know about Rome? How has the modern world been impacted by this civilization?

● Brainstorm!

Warm Up:

● What comparisons can you make between the United States and Rome?

Closer: Rome and the U.S.

Objective: ● Be able to list and explain the different functions of

the Roman Republic ● Be able to compare these systems to the modern day

United States.

Day 2: Roman Republic

ORIGINS OF ROME TO THE EARLY REPUBLIC

THE ORIGINS OF ROME ● Earliest people began to settle

the Italian Peninsula from 1,000 B.C. → 500 B.C.1. Latins2. Greeks3. Etruscans

● Latins built original settlement of Rome on top of Palatine Hill● Latins considered to be the first

Romans● City: strategic location

● Built on top of seven rolling hills● Near the midpoint of the

Mediterranean Sea

THE ORIGINS OF ROME● According to legend, Rome was

founded by Romulus & Remus in 753 B.C.● Twin sons of the God Mars and a

Latin princess● Abandoned on the Tiber River

and raised by a she-wolf● Legend states the twins decided

to build a city on the Tiber River

EARLY CONTACT WITH THE GREEKS● Between 750-600 B.C.,

Greeks established colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily● Cities became

prosperous & commercially active

● Trade allowed close contact between Rome and Greek civilization

ETRUSCAN INFLUENCE● In 600 B.C., an Etruscan becomes

king of Rome● In 600 B.C., an Etruscan becomes

king of Rome● Skilled metalworkers and engineers

● Etruscan Influence● System of writing → Romans adopted

alphabet● Architecture → development of the

arch● Rome grows from a collection of

hilltop villages to a city that spans 500 square miles

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC

● In 509 B.C., Tarquin the Proud, last king of Rome is driven from power

● Established a republic● Republic=govt in which

citizens have the right to vote for their leaders

● Citizens=free born males

ROMAN REPUBLIC● Patricians

● wealthy landowners who held the most power● Inherited power and social status● Claimed ancestry gave them authority to make

laws for Rome ● Plebeians

● Common artisans, farmers & merchants who made up majority of population

● Barred by law from holding important govt positions

● Tribunes● Over time, plebeians were allowed to form own

assembly● Elected representatives to protect their rights

REPUBLIC = EXECUTIVE BRANCH

● Executive Branch● Two consuls

● Elected by the Centuriate Assembly

● Commanded the army● Directed the govt● Term: 1 year long, could

not be elected again for 10 years

● Veto decision of opposing consul

REPUBLIC = LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

● Senate● Aristocratic branch● 300 patrician members● Chosen for life● Advised consuls● Controlled foreign & financial policies

● Centuriate Assembly● Citizen-soldiers = members for life● Selected consuls● Made laws

● Tribal Assembly● Citizen groups according to where they lived● Elected tribunes● Served for life and made laws

REPUBLIC = JUDICIAL BRANCH● Praetors

● Eight judges selected by Centuriate Assembly

● Served for one year● 2 judges oversee criminal & civil courts● 6 judges govern provinces

● Twelve Tables● Created in 451 B.C. ● Laws were carved on 12 tablets and held

in the Forum ● Established idea that all free citizens

had right to protection under the law

ROMAN ARMY● Landowners=required to

serve in the army● Certain public

offices-required 10 years service

● Legions-large military units● Infantry = 5,000 foot soldiers● Cavalry = supported each legion● Century-smaller groups of 80

men

ROME CONQUERS ITALY● By 4th century B.C.→ Romans

dominated central Italy● By 265 B.C. defeated Etruscans to the north

and Greek city-states to the south● Treatment of conquered people

● Close proximity to Rome = full citizenship● Territories further away = citizenship except

right to vote● Conquered groups = allies of Rome

● Freedom if provided soldiers for Roman army● Did not make treaties with other civilizations

● Objective: Be able to analyze geography and apply map skills in order to understand military campaigns. Be able to describe the major battles and effects of the Punic Wars through class discussion and the completing of an annotated map. Be able to make inferences and make predictions on Rome based on the activity.

●

Day 3: The Punic Wars

Analyzing Rome’s geography, what territory might pose a threat to Rome’s control of the Mediterranean Sea? Why?

Warm Up:

● What will bring Rome to its peak power?

● What sort of things will lead to Rome’s fall?

Closer: Make a prediction

● Objective: Be able to list and identify the events that led to the collapse of the Roman republic and rise of the Roman empire.

● Warm Up: Hypothetical Discussion - Collapse of the U.S.●

Day 4: Collapse of the Roman Republic and Formation of Empire

● What do you think would have to happen for the United States’ government/democracy to collapse? What circumstances/events?

● What would happen as a result? What would the U.S. look like?

Warm Up: The Collapse of the Republic

● Can power in the hands of the few ever be a good thing? Why or why not?

Closer:

● Objective: Be able to evaluate Julius Caesar and Augustus as a leader through primary and secondary source analysis as well as class debate and individual discussion. Be able to articulate and defend opinions through a four corners activity and debate.

● Warm Up (If Needed): Go over Roman Republic Timeline● Activity: “Take a Stand” Evaluating Leadership

● Using HW: Complete Caesar Graphic Organizer ● http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=19C736FE-DF14-4503-AB77-5098E

9A54A78&layout=standalone● Discussion

● Using Stations: Complete Augustus Graphic Organizer ● Four Corners Activity● https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/c0b7a622-a4c2-4792-b4fb-9c9dacc50f

f8?hasLocalHost=true● Closer: Making a prediction

Day 5: Take a Stand: Evaluating Leaders

___ was the most effective leader regarding military campaigns/conquests.

___’s social policies positively impacted Roman civilization the most.

___ was a power hungry ruler who manipulated the political system for his own benefit.

___ was the overall better leader of Rome

Take a Stand Activity

● Make a prediction: What will cause the Roman Empire to fall?Closer:

● Objectives: Be able to apply and demonstrate knowledge on the fall of Rome

Day 6: The Fall of Rome