Unit I MM Chap1 Introduction to Multimedia

8/3/2019 Unit I MM Chap1 Introduction to Multimedia

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Chapter1

n ro uc on o u me a1.1WhatisMultimedia?

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1.3WorldWideWeb

1.4OverviewofMultimediaSoftwareTools

. urt er xp orat on1

1.1WhatisMultimedia?

Whendifferentpeople mentionthetermmultimedia,theyoften have uite different or even o osin view oints.

APCvendor:aPCthathassoundcapability,aDVDROMdrive,and

perhapsthesuperiorityofmultimediaenabledmicroprocessors.

Aconsumerentertainmentvendor:interactivecableTVwithhundredsofdigitalchannelsavailable,oracableTVlikeservice

.

AComputerScience(CS)student:applicationsthatusemultiplemodalities,includingtext,images,drawings(graphics),animation,

, , .

MultimediaandCom uterScience:

Graphics,HCI,visualization,computervision,datacompression,graphtheory,networking,databasesystems.

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Com onentsofMultimedia

Multimediainvolvesmultiplemodalitiesoftext,au o, mages, raw ngs,an ma on,an v eo.Examplesofhowthesemodalitiesareputto

Videoteleconferencing.

s r u e ec ures or g ere uca on.

Telemedicine.

Cooperativeworkenvironments.

Searching in(very)largevideoandimagedatabasesortargetv sua o ects.

"Augmented"reality:placingrealappearing.

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Includingaudiocuesforwhere videoconference.

Buildingsearchablefeaturesintonewvideo,and

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scalablemultimediaproducts.

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Building"inverseHollywood"applications thatcanrecreate the rocess b which a video was made.

VideounderstandinghasalsobeencalledaninverseHollywoodproblem.

Usingvoicerecognition tobuildaninteractiveenvironment,sayakitchenwallwebbrowser.

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Examplesoftypicalpresentmultimediaapplications

Digitalvideoeditingandproduction systems. ec ron cnewspapers magaz nes.

WorldWideWeb.

On inere erencewor s:e.g.encyc ope ias,games,etc.

Homeshopping.

InteractiveTV.

Multimediacourseware.

Videoconferencing.

Videoondemand.

Interactivemovies.14

1.3WorldWideWeb

TheW3Chaslistedthefollowinggoalsforthe:

1. Universalaccessofwebresources(byeveryone

everyw ere .2. Effectiveness ofnavigatingavailableinformation.

3. Responsibleuseofpostedmaterial.

HistoryofWWW

1960s CharlesGoldfarbetal.developedtheGeneralizedMarkupLanguage(GML)forIBM.

1986 TheISOreleasedafinal versionoftheStandard Generalized Marku Lan ua e(SGML).

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1990TimBernersLeeinventedtheHyperTextar up anguage ,an t e yper ext

TransferProtocol(HTTP).

1993 NCSAreleasedanalphaversionofMosaicbasedontheversionbyMarcAndreessenfor

.

1994 MarcAndreessenetal.formedMosaicommun ca ons orpora on a er e

NetscapeCommunicationsCorporation.

1998 T eW3Caccepte XML vers on1.0specifications asaRecommendation the

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HTTP H erTextTransferProtocol

HTTP:aprotocolthatwasoriginallydesignedfor,

transmissionofanyfile type.

informationcarriedoverforthenextrequest.

MethodURIVersion

Messagebody

fortheresourceaccessed,e.g.thehostname,alwaysprecededbythetoken"http://".

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Twopopularmethods:GETandPOST.

Thebasicresponseformat:VersionStatusCodeStatusPhrase

Messagebody

Twocommonlyseenstatuscodes:

. ereques wasprocesse

successfully.

2.404NotFound theURIdoesnot exist.18

HTML H erTextMarku Lan ua e

HTML:alanguageforpublishingHypermediaontheor e e e ne us ng :

1.HTMLusesASCII,itisportabletoalldifferent (possibly

nary ncompa e compu er ar ware.2.ThecurrentversionofHTMLisversion4.01.

3.ThenextgenerationofHTMLisXHTML areformulationofHTMLusingXML.

HTMLusestagstodescribedocumentelements:

defining astartingpoint,

theendingpointoftheelement. Someelementshavenoendingtags.

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AverysimpleHTMLpageisasfollows:

Naturally,HTMLhasmorecomplexstructuresandcanbemixedinwithotherstandards.

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XML ExtensibleMarku Lan ua e

XML:amarkuplanguagefortheWWWinwhicht ere smo u ar tyo ata,structurean v ewso

thatuserorapplicationcanbeabletodefi

ne the.

ExampleofusingXMLtoretrievestockinformation

1. FirstuseaglobalDocumentTypeDefinition (DTD) that.

2. TheserversidescriptwillabidebytheDTDrulesto

usingdatafromyourdatabase.

3. Finall sendusertheXMLSt leSheet XSL de endin onthetypeofdeviceusedtodisplaytheinformation.

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ThecurrentXMLversionisXML1.0,approvedbytheW3CinFeb.1998.

XMLs ntaxlookslikeHTMLs ntax althou hitismuchmorestrict:

,inlinedatahastoterminateitself,i.e.,.

UsesnamespacessothatmultipleDTDsdeclaring

different elementsbutwithsimilartagnamescanhavetheirelementsdistinguished.

DTDscanbeimportedfromURIsaswell.

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AnexampleofanXMLdocument

structure thedefinitionforasmall

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ThefollowingXMLrelatedspecifications area sos an ar ze :

XMLProtocol:usedtoexchangeXMLinformation

e weenprocesses. XMLSchema:amorestructuredandpowerful

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XSL: basicallyCSSforXML.

:sync ron ze u me a n egra onLanguage,pronounced"smile" aparticularapplicationofXML(globallypredefined DTD)thatallowsforspecification ofinteractionamonganymediatypesanduserinput,inatemporallyscri ted manner.

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SMIL (SynchronizedMultimedia

n egra on anguage PurposeofSMIL:itisalsodesirabletobeableto

language.

scheduling andsynchronization ofdifferentmultimediaelements,anddefine theirinteractivitywiththeuser.

TheW3CestablishedaWorkingGroupin1997tocomeupw spec ca ons oramu me asynchronizationlanguage

. .

SMIL2.0isspecified inXMLusingamodularization

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1. AllSMILelementsaredividedintomodules setso e ements,attr utesan va uest at e ne

oneconceptual

functionality.

2. Int e nteresto mo u ar zat on,nota ava a emodulesneedtobeincludedforallapplications.

3. LanguageProfiles:specifies aparticulargroupingofmodules,andparticularmodulesmayhave

follow.

SMIL 2.0 has a main lan ua e rofile that includes almostallSMILmodules.

Basic elements of SMIL as shown in thefollowingexample:

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1.4OverviewofMultimediaSoftware

oo s

Thecategoriesofsoftwaretoolsbriefly

examinedhereare:

. us c equenc ngan o a on2.DigitalAudio

3.GraphicsandImageEditing

. eo t ng

5.Animation

6.MultimediaAuthoring

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Unit I MM Chap1 Introduction to Multimedia