UNIT-I COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT

PREPARED BY K.TAMILSELVI

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR-EEE NPR COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH

ENERGY CONSUMED

LOCATION OF POWER PLANT

HIRAXUD RESERVOIR ClARIFIED

WATER

RESERVOI~

CONDENSER COQUhG WA·ER OUTLET

CD~DENSER COOUNG

WATER PUMP

INDAl •ShiEL TER

ESP

DPA WATER MAKE·UP DRY ASH

CONVEYING SYSTEM

,...---t MAIN CONDENSATE

ASH SILO

FED COAL

CONVEYING

ASH MOUN

D

PRIMARY CRUSHER

Dro by k suresh

RANKINE CYALE

IMPROVISATIONS OF RANKINE CYALE

1. Reheating • •

•

Flue gas reheating

Live steam reheating

Combined flue gas and live steam reheating

2. Regeneration • •

•

Ideal

Single Stage

Two Stage

3. Combined Reheating and Regeneration

REHEATING CYCLE

REHEAT CYCLE

REGENERATION CYCLE

REGENERATION CYCLE

REGENERATION CYCLE

Layout of Power plant

Four Main Circuit

1. 2.

3.

4.

coal and ash circuit Air and flue gas circuit

Feed water and steam flow circuit

Cooling water circuit

Advantages Plant location Construction and commissioning

Power generation

Fuel

Less space

Initial cost

Disadvantages Fuel

Efficiency

Life

Air pollution

Transportation

Power generation cost

Classification of Boilers

Supercritical Boilers

Range: 125 atm and 510°C to 300 atm and 660 °C Super critical operation above 221.2 bar for steam

Latent heat of vapourisation zero

Supercritical Boilers

1. Drum Type Boiler

2. Once through Boiler

Drum Type Boiler

Once-through Boiler

High Pressure Boilers 1. La- Mont Boiler

Advantages of la-mont boiler

2. Benson Boiler

3. Loeffler Boiler

4. Velox Boiler

Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC)

Nozzle

STEAM TURBIN Moving Blades

MECHANICAL ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY

THERMAL ENERGY

WORKING OF STEAM TURBINE

IMPULSE AND REACTION TURBINE

STEAM TURBINE AND BLADES

CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM TURBINES

IMPULSE TURBINE

VELOCITY COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE

PRESSURE COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE

VELOCITY AND PRESSURE COMPOUND REACTION TURBINE

Governing of steam turbines

Methods of governing 1. Throttle governing

2. Nozzle control governing

3. By-pass governing

4. Combination of Throttle and Nozzle governing

5. Combination of Throttle and By-pass governing

THROTTLE GOVERNING

NOZZLE CONTROL GOVERNING

BY- PASS GOVERNING

COAL HANDLING SYSTEM

COAL CLEANING EQUIPMENTS

1. Removal of dirt

2. Coal drying

3. Coal sizing

4. Sulphur removal

5. Washing

(i) Water Jigs

(ii) Concentrating table

(iii) hydro cyclone

(iv) Heavy medium

Coal Mixing

COAL HANDLING

Furnace

Weighing and measuring

In plant handling

Covered Storage

Outdoor storage

Transfer

Preparation

Unload

Coal delivery

Coal Transfer

Fluidized Bed Furnace

Mechanical Strokes

Over feed Stoker

Chain Grate stoker

Spreader stoker

Under feed Stoker

Single retort stokers

Multi retort stokers

Pulveriser

1. Ball Tube Mill

2.Ball and Race Mill

3.Hammer Mill

I [ Force Draught

~~========~==~~1~~;5~_=_

='---~"~=== In a forced draught system, a blower is installed neal' the base of the boiler.

forced system

This draught system is known as positive draught system or

draught is above

system because the pressure of au' throughout the atmospheric

arrangement

pressure and au' is forced to flow through

the system. The of the system shown in figure. is

Boiler

/ To exh

oust

t -, ../

Blower

III umonce

Stock or chimney

t ~

F . Ecnomiser

I .. I

I .. I_j , L J n

I

I Grote ~

I

Air preheoter

COOLING

TOWER

Schematic diagram of a cooling water system

Natural draft cooling tower

Forced Draft Cooling Tower Induced draft Cooling Towers

Dry cooling tower

Bottom Ash Conveyor

Fly ash hydraulic vacuum Conveyor

FEED WATER TREATMENT

Boiler Feed water treatment system

DEMINERALIZATION PLANT

REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT

BINARY VAPOUR CYCLE

COGENERATION SYSTEMS