Unit 1: Three Worlds Collide

Unit 9: The FutureLearning Targets1. I can explain the reasons for the difficulty in predicting the future.culture remains the mechanism by which people solve their problems of existencebut, problems of existence seem to be outstripping cultures ability to find solutions!hard to predict the futurerarely look more than 50 years into the futureuse trends of recent historytendency to treat subjects in isolationagricultural planning in American Southwesttendency to project hopes/expectations of own cultureoverlooks scientific objectivityhence, holistic, evolutionary perspective, cross-cultural research, recognize/minimize culture-bound theories23

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2. I can define holistic perspective.Holistic Perspectivean anthropological methodologymeaning ?anthropologists take into account many interacting factors to understand the functioning of a complex wholefor example ?

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3. I can define One World Culture.One World Culture (quote-page 731)based largely on the observation that developments in communication, transportation, and trade so link the peoples of the world that they are increasingly wearing the same kinds of clothes, eating the same kinds of foods, reading the same kind of newspapers, watching the same kinds of television programs, and so on.trend for political units to become larger in size and fewer in numberover last 5,000 yearslogical outcome: reduction to a single one!

103. I can define One World Culture.One World Culture (quote-page 731)problem with prediction: a resurgence of separatist movements!!all large states have a tendency to come apart!all past empiresbreak-up of the U.S.S.R.Yugoslavia/CzechoslovakiaQuebec from CanadaBasque/Catalonia from SpainScottish/Irish/Welsh from BritainTibet from ChinaOthers?5,000 national groups and 204 recognized countries!1112

4. I can define Cultural Pluralism.Cultural Pluralismrefers to a situation in which groups with different ways of acting and thinking can interact socially and politically with mutual respect in a societyimplies the rejection of bigotry and racismimplies respect for the cultural traditions of other peoplesmay constitute a temporary stage in process of integration into a single melting-pot culturemay result from conquestmay result from several culturally distinct groups that become unified as a larger political entityCLC!Why?

134. I can define Cultural Pluralism.Melting PotSalad Bowl14

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5. I can explain the impact of multinational corporations in a globalized world.multinationalsactually clusters of corporations of diverse nationality, joined together by ties of common ownership and responsive to a common management strategy. (p. 733)a major force in the world since the 1950sinfluence governmentsgovernment policies benefit companiesrather than the people of nationsBrazil 1964development of the Amazon River Basin

165. I can explain the impact of multinational corporations in a globalized world.multinationalsproblematic on both domestic/international sceneJules Henry (quote- p. 735)working for any large corporation, tends to generate hostility, instability, and fear of being obsolete and unprotected. For most people their job was what they had to do rather than what they wanted to do, taking a job, therefore, meant giving up part of their selves.

175. I can explain the impact of multinational corporations in a globalized world.multinationalsengender apathy among consumersdue to inability to respond effectively to complaintsLaura Nader (quote- p. 735)Face-to-faceless relations between producers and consumers, among whom there is a grossly unequal distribution of power, exact a high cost: a terrible sense of apathy, even a loss of faith in the system itself.sprawling, anonymous, networksdependent on sophisticated data-processing systemsdecisions made by computersAlvin Wolfes observation (p. 735, bottom right)

185. I can explain the impact of multinational corporations in a globalized world.multinationalsprimarily interested in cheap laborfavor developing nationsfavor unmarried womenhigh turnover, low wagesdivision of labor where gender discrimination is prominent

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6. I can define ethnocentrism.ethnocentrismthe belief that ones own culture is superior to all othersallows a society to function effectivelyprovides a sense of pride and loyaltyprovides a sense of personal worthProblem: used as a basis for manipulating others cultures for the benefit of ones ownJames Monroe (page 746-47), on Native American rights:The hunter state can exist more than is necessary for their support and comfort.attitude still exists today to justify development at the expense of subsistence farmers, pastoral nomads, or food foragers

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7. I can explain global apartheid.Global Apartheidrefers to the incongruence in the use of and distribution of the worlds resources by its collective population compared to the racially segregated policies of South Africa designed to maintain racial segregation and dominance of a white minority over a non-white majority in political, social, and economic affairsIn the world:the poorest 75% of the population make do with30% of the worlds energy, 25% of its metals, 15% of its wood, and 40% of its food. the greater percentage of these and other resources goes to the richest 25% of the population.

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8. I can explain structural violence.Structural Violenceviolence exerted by situations, institutions, and social, political, and economic structureseffect is violence although not the act of a specific individualnuclear power reactor accidentChernobyl, Ukraine, 1986Bhopal disasterBhopal, India, 1984general examples:World HungerPollutionPopulation Control

318. I can explain the violent structure of world hunger.World Hungerviolence due to failure to feed all the worlds people52 nations producing less food in 1980 than 1970!42 nations fail to provide caloric requirements of their populations!despite green revolution, millions on Earth face malnutrition/starvationin U.S. 85 million dollars of food thrown away every day!(1994 dollars!)3233

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8. I can explain the violent structure of world hunger.World Hungerless with food production than food distributionsubsistence farming replaced by cash crops for export!to the developed worldcoffee, tea, chocolate, bananas, beef, etcindigenous people relocatedurban areas, unproductive landadopt agricultural practices of the west?expensive seeds, chemical, petroleum, etcinefficient! quote - p. 750 right columnFarming U.S. style is inefficient. For every causing major public health problems.3940

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8. I can explain the violent structure of world hunger.World Hungerpopulation growth ratesmore than simply adding peopleincreases rate of population growth as more people beget more people!1850 = 1 billion people1950 = 2.5 billion people2013 = 7.1292050 = projected between 8.3 and 10.9 billionCan we produce enough food for all of those people?Yes!but not if rates continue to grow!4445

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8. I can explain the violent structure of pollutionPollutiona bigger problem in poor countriesuse of chemicals banned in developed countriesagricultural chemicals poison soils and watersfood additives often prove harmfultoxic waste produced thru industrial activitiesfactory emissions poison the airacid raincontributes to dementia, Alzheimers, Parkinsonspg. 751 left column end of 1st paragraph488. I can explain the violent structure of pollutionPollutiondevelopment itself a health hazardindigenous peoples free of diseases of developmentpg. 751 right columnWhy foul our own nest?philosophical/theological traditionbiblical assertion that we have dominion over the earthexploitive world viewpg. 751 bottom rightlaws passed to remedy situation drive multinationals to poorer countries with lax laws!4950

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8. I can explain the violent structure of population control.Population Controlpg. 753 left column end of 1st paragraphWhile solving the problem of population growth will not by itself make the other problems go away, it is unlikely that those other problems can be solved unless population growth can be arrested.Why do poor people have many children?they are the main resource of the poor!laborsecurity for the elderlychildren actually cost the wealthy money!588. I can explain the violent structure of population control.Population Controlreplacement reproductionwhen birth and death rates are in equilibrium; people produce no more offspring than necessary to replace themselves when they die.if achieved, populations continue to grow for next 50 years!Cultural/structural obstacles to population controlChinaagricultural advancement slowedpatriarchal/patrilocal traditions favor male dominated societyfemale infanticide on rise5960

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8. I can explain the culture of discontent.Culture of DiscontentPg. 755peoples aspirations far exceed their opportunitiesunequal access to jobs, housing, sanitation, health care, police/fire protection, etcright column last paragraphWhat are required traditional societies of the world.62