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Unit 6 Test Review
Industrialization & Urbanization
Name of each model?
• A – Concentric Zone – Burgess• B – Sector Model – Hoyt• C – Multiple Nuclei – Ullman & Harris
What theory?
• It is shown to be a widely dispersed, multi-centered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones, each focused on its own suburban downtown; the only exception is the shrunken central area, which is focused on the Central Business District (CBD).
Urban Realms
• Muller & Hartshorn
What model? What does read represent? Yellow?
Walter Christaller’s Central Place Theory
• City – specialized goods• Hamlet or Village – common goods
Industrialized zone from Britain, through Eurasia, to Japan is called
what?
Urban Banana
In Burgess & Hoyt models, what are the areas?
• 1 – CBD• 2 – Factories/Industry• 3 – Working Class Housing• 4 – Middle Class Housing• 5 – Commuter Zone / High Class Housing
How is Hoyt’s model different from Burgess?
Areas develop in multiple zones; “other side of the tracks” is seen
How is CBD the same for Burgess and Hoyt?
Both in center
How is CBD different in Ullman & Harris model?
Not as centralized, and creation of edge cities make it less important
Can you label the model?
Parts of Multiple Nuclei Model
12
3
3
3
6
98
74 5
1 – CBD 2 – Wholesale/Light Manuf.3 – Low income housing4 – Medium income housing5 – High income housing6 – Heavy manufacturing7 – Outerlying BD (EDGE city)8 – Residential suburb9 – Industrial suburb
Name of Harold Hotelling model, and what was he analyzing?
Variable Revenue Analysis
• Locational Interdependence
3 Things that led to suburbanization?
• Increased service jobs & standard of living• Affordable cars• Interstate Highway System
______ is to Borchert’s 2nd stage as _____ is to the added 5th stage.
Borchert’s Epoch Period – Communication & Transportation• 1st – Sail-wagon – low technology• 2nd – Iron Horse – steam-powered locomotive;
spreading rails • 3rd – Steel – Rail – full impact of trains• 4th – Auto-Air-Amenity – gasw pwered engine• 5th – High Technology – expansion of service &
information industries (telecommuting / Skype)
Transportation and Proximity to market are what type of factors?
Situational Factors
• Situation to market
Factors that are concerned with cost of production – labor, factory,
capital, land, etc?
Site Factors
Less crime is benefit of gentrification or suburbanization?
Suburbanization
• More people – more crime – always
Benefits of Suburbanization?
• Less Crime• Better Education• More Space (land/yards)• Less Traffic
Benefits of Gentrification?
• City Life (amenities)• Heterogeneous (diverse) population• Cheaper Houses• Unique Architecture• Closer to work – no/less commute
Benefits of SEZs, FTZs, and EPZs?
• Less regulatory laws (ex. Labor laws)• Subsidized rents• No/Low tax zones• Few environmental laws• Paid for infrastructure (factories already built)
___is to Christaller as ___ is to Weber
• Christaller – Central Place Theory
• Weber – Least Cost Theory
3 Factors of Weber’s Theory
• Minimize Labor costs• Minimize Transportation costs• Maximize Economies of Agglomeration
What urban model has a “spine” down the middle?
Latin American Urban Model
Name of Latin American Model?
Griffin – Ford Model
What do European urban areas and the Latin American model
have in common?
• High class homes surround CBD, unlike in U.S. where affluent homes are in the suburbs
Test Prep Advice
• This was just a sampling of topics – make sure you also know allall parts of your Study Guide that we went over in class (1-66) and study the notes online for additional help.