UNIT 6Industrialism and a New

Global Age1800-1914

Life in the Industrial AgeNational Triumphs in Europe

Growth of Western DemocraciesThe New Imperialisms

V. Horvath

Chapter 22Life in the Industrial Age

1800-1914Chapter Overview

1. The Industrial Revolution Spreads2. The World of Cities

3. Changing Attitudes and Values4. A New Culture

The Industrial Revolution Spreads

• The Big Idea – The Second Industrial Revolution was marked by the spread of industry, the development of new technologies, and the rise of big business

• Vocabulary – Dynamo, assemebly line, stock, cartel • Focus/Review – What industrial powers emerged in

the 1800s? What impact did new technology have on industry, transportation, and communication? How did big business emerge in the late 1800s?

• Pg 544

Spread of the Industrial Revolution

1. Identify the following: Alfred Nobel, Michael Faraday, Thomas Edison, Hendry Ford, Orville and Wilbur Wright, Alfred Krupp

2. How did the Industrial Revolution spread in the 1800s?

3. How did technology help industry expand?

The World of Cities • The Big Idea – The population of cities grew

as people moved to urban centers for jobs• Vocabulary – Germ theory, urban renewal,

mutual-aid society• Focus/Review – What was the impact of

medical advances in the late 1800s? How had cities changed by 1900? How did working-class struggles lead to improved conditions for workers?

• Pg 551

Cities Expand 1. Identify the following: Louis Pasteur,

Robert Koch, Florence Nightingale, Joseph Lister

2. Why did population increase in the late 1800s?

3. Describe three ways that city life changed in the 1800s

Changing Attitudes and Values• The Big Idea – The Industrial Revolution

changed the social order in the western world, and new ideas challenged long-held traditions

• Vocabulary – Cult of domesticity, temperance movement, women’s suffrage, social gospel

• Focus/Review – What values shaped the new social order? How did women and educators seek change? How did science challenge existing beliefs? What role did religion play in urban society?

• Pg 555

Society Changes 1. Identify the following: Atomic theory,

Charles Lyell, Social Darwinism2. How did the social order change in

industrial nations? 3. Describe three values associated with

the middle class4. What were the main goals of the

women’s movement? Why did it have such strong opposition?

A New Culture• The Big Idea – New artistic styles emerged

as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution• Vocabulary – Romanticism, realism,

impressionism• Focus/Review – What themes shaped

romantic art, literature, and music? How did realists respond to the industrialized, urban world? How did the visual arts change?

• Pg 562

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism

1. Identify the following: Lord Byron, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Beethoven, Charlotte Brote, Charles Dickens, Claude Monet

2. Explain romanticism, realism, and impressionism

Chapter 23Nationalism Triumphs in

Europe1800-1914

Chapter Overview1. Building a German Nation2. Strengthening Germany

3. Unifying Italy4. Nationalism Threatens Old Empires

5. Russia: Reform and Reaction

Building a German Nation• The Big Idea – Otto von Bismarck, the

Chancellor of Prussia, led the drive for German unity

• Vocabulary – Chancellor, annex, Kaiser, Reich

• Focus/Review – What early changes promoted German unity? How did Bismarck unify Germany? What was the basic political organization of the new German empire?

• Pg 570

Unifying Germany1. Identify the following: Otto von

Bismarck, William I 2. What territorial and economic

changes promoted German unity? 3. How did the emperor and his

chancellor retain power in the new German government?

Strengthening German• The Big Idea – Germany increased its

power by building up its industry and armed forces

• Vocabulary – Kulturkampf, social welfare• Focus/Review – What marked Germany

as an industrial giant? Why was Bismarck called the Iron Chancellor? WHAT POLICIES DID Kaiser William II follow?

• Pg 574

Making Germany Strong1. How did Germany become an

industrial giant in the late 1800s? 2. Why did Bismarck try to crush the

Catholic Church and socialists? 3. What policies did William II

introduce?

Unifying Italy• The Big Idea – During the 1800s, influential

leaders helped to create a unified Italy • Vocabulary – Anarchist, emigration • Focus/Review – What were the key obstacles

to Italian unity? What roles did Count Camillo Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi play in the struggle for Italy? WHAT Challenges faced the new nation of Italy?

• Pg 577

Italy Unites 1. Identify the following: Giuseppe

Mazzini, Risorgimento, Victor Emmanuel II, Camillo Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi

2. What obstacles to unity did Italian nationalists face? What conditions favored unity?

3. Describe the problems Italians face after unification

Nationalism Threatens Old Empires

• The Big Idea – Desires for national independence threatened to break up the Austrian and Ottoman empires

• Vocabulary – NONE • Focus/Review – How did nationalism

contribute to the decline of the Austrian empire? What were the main characteristics of the Dual Monarchy? How did the growth of nationalism affect the Balkans?

• Pg 581

Old Empires Feel the Heat1. Explain how nationalism affected

the Austrian empire2. How was the Dual Monarchy

organized? Why did it fail to end nationalist demands?

3. How did Balkan nationalism contribute to the decline of the Ottoman empire?

Russia: Reform and Reaction• The Big Idea – Industrialization and reform

came more slowly to Russia than to Western Europe

• Vocabulary – Colossus, emancipation, pogrom, Duma

• Focus/Review – How did conditions in Russia affect progress? Why did czars follow a cycle of absolutism, reform, and reaction? How did the problems of industrialization contribute to the growing crisis and outbreak of revolution?

• Pg 584

Conditions in Russia 1. Identify the following: Bloody Sunday,

October Manifesto2. What conditions in Russia posed

challenges to the nation in the early 1800s? How did czars usually react to change?

3. What were the causes of the revolution of 1905? How did Nicholas II respond?

Chapter 24Growth of Western

Democracies 1815-1914

Chapter Overview1. Britain Becomes More Democratic

2. A Century of Reform3. Division and Democracy in France4. Expansion of the United States

Britain Becomes More Democratic

• The Big Idea – Throughout the 1800s, political reform gradually expanded suffrage and made Parliament more democratic

• Vocabulary – Rotten borough, secret ballot• Focus/Review – Why did reformers seek to

change Parliament in the 1800s? What values did Queen Victoria represent? How did the Liberal and Conservative parties help bring a new era to British politics?

• Pg 594

New Era in Britain 1. Identify the following: Benjamin

Disraeli, Chartism, Victoria, William Gladstone

2. How did the Reform Act of 1832 change Parliament?

3. What middle-class values are associated with the Victorian age?

A Century of Reform• The Big Idea – Parliament passed a

wide variety of reform measures, but women’s suffrage and the status of Ireland remained difficult issues

• Vocabulary – Free trade, capital offense, penal colony, home rule

• Focus/Review – • Pg 597

Social and Economic Reforms 1. Identify the following: Corn Laws,

Fabian Society, Emmeline Pankhurst, Catholic Emancipation Act, Great Hunger, Charles Stewart Parnell

2. Describe three social reforms that helped the British working class

3. Why did Irish nationalist oppose British rule?

Division and Democracy in France

• The Big Idea – Democratic reforms in France took place under the Second Empire of Napoleon III and its successor, the Third Republic

• Vocabulary – Provisional, premier, libel • Focus/Review – What domestic and foreign

policies did Napoleon III pursue? What impact did the Dreyfus affair and other challenges have on the Third Republic? How did the French government take steps toward reform in the early 1900s?

• Pg 603

Third Republic France1. Identify the following: Paris

Commune, Georges Boulanger, Alfred Dreyfus, Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl

2. Describe the government of France under the Second Empire

3. Describe two reforms enacted in France in the early 1900s

Expansion of the United States • The Big Idea – In the United States, the 1800s

were a time of changing borders, growing industry, and expanding democracy

• Vocabulary – Expansionism, abolitionist, secede, isolationism

• Focus/Review – How did the United States extend its territory? How did American democracy grow before and after the Civil War? What impact did economic growth and social reform have on the United States?

• Pg 608

Changes in the United States 1. Identify the following: Louisiana

Purchase, Manifest Destiny, Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, Fifteenth Amendment

2. Describe how the United States grew in each of the following areas in the 1800s: a) territory b) population c)economy d) democracy

Chapter 25The New Imperialism

1800-1914 Chapter Overview

1. A Western-Dominated World2. The Partition of Africa

3. European Challenges to the Muslim World4. The British Take Over India

5. China and the New Imperialism

A Western-Dominated World• The Big Idea – In the late 1800s, industrial

nations of the West engaged in imperialism and dominated much of the world

• Vocabulary – Imperialism, sphere of influence

• Focus/Review – What were the causes of the “new imperialism”? Why was western imperialism so successful? How did governments rule their empires?

• Pg 618

Western Imperialism 1. Describe three causes of the new

imperialism2. How did people oppose western

imperialism? 3. Describe three different forms of

imperial rule

The Partition of Africa• The Big Idea – By the end of the 1800s, the

imperialist powers of Europe claimed control over most of Africa

• Vocabulary – Jihad, elite • Focus/Review – What forces were shaping

Africa in the early 1800s? How did European contact with Africa increase? How did Leopold II start a scramble for colonies? How did Africans resist imperialism?

• Pg 621

The Scramble in Africa 1. Describe one development in each

region of Africa in the early 1800s2. How did European contact with

Africa increase? 3. Describe two examples of African

resistance to European imperialism

European Challenges to the Muslim World

• The Big Idea – During the 1800s, European nations extended their power into parts of the Muslim world

• Vocabulary – Pasha, genocide, concession• Focus/Review – What were the sources of

stress in the Muslim world? What problems did the Ottoman empire face? How did Egypt seek to modernize? Why were European powers interested in Iran?

• Pg 627

Changes to the Muslim World 1. Identify the following: Mahdi, Young

Turks, Armenians, Muhammad Ali, Suez Canal, Qajars

2. Describe problems that contributed to the Muslim decline. How did Europeans take advantage of these stresses?

3. Why did Russia and Britain compete for power in Iran?

The British Take Over India • The Big Idea – Despite Indian opposition,

Britain gradually extended its control over most of India

• Vocabulary – Sepoy, viceroy, purdah• Focus/Review – what were the causes and

effects of the Sepoy Rebellion? How did British rule affect India? How did Indians view western culture? What were the origins of Indian nationalism?

• Pg 631

The British in India 1. What were the causes and effects of

the Sepoy Rebellion? 2. Describe three effects of British

colonial rule on India3. How did Indian and British culture

differ?

China and the New Imperialism • The Big Idea – During the 1800s, Qing China

declined as western powers used diplomacy and war to gain power in East Asia

• Vocabulary – Trade surplus, trade deficit, extraterritorial

• Focus/Review – What trade rights did westerners seek in China? What internal problems did Chinese reformers try to solve? How did the Qing dynasty come to an end?

• Pg 635

Changes in China1. Identify the following: Opium War,

Treaty of Nanjing, Taiping Rebellion, Ci Xi, Open Door Policy, Boxers Uprising, Sun Yixian

2. How did westerners gain greater trading power in China?

UNIT 7World Wars and Revolution

1910-1955World War I and Its Aftermath

Revolution in RussiaNationalism and Revolution Around the World

World War II and Its Aftermath

V. Horvath

Chapter 27World War I and Its Aftermath

1914-1919Chapter Overview

1. The Stage Is Set2. The Guns of August3. A New Kind of Conflict

4. Winning the War5. Making the Peace

The Stage Is Set• The Big Idea – In the late 1800s, a number of

forces were pushing Europe to the brink of war

• Vocabulary – Pacifism, militarism• Focus/Review – What efforts in the early

1900s were made toward peace? How did nationalism and international rivalries push Europe toward war? What were the causes and effects of the European alliance system?

• Pg 678

Rivalries and Alliances 1. Identify the following: Allies and

Central Powers2. Describe how each of the following

served to inflame tensions in Europe: a) nationalism b) Imperial rivalries c) militarism

3. Why did European nations form alliances? How did alliances increase fear?

The Guns of August• The Big Idea – The assassination of

Archduke Ferdinand ignited the Balkan “powder keg” and sparked World War I

• Vocabulary – Ultimatum, mobilize • Focus/Review – How did ethnic tensions in

the Balkans spark a political assassination? How did conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia widen? How do historians view the outbreak of World War I?

• Pg 682

Assassination and Tension1. Why was Archduke Ferdinand

assassinated? What was the reaction to the assassination?

2. Describe how each of the following nations were drug into the conflict: Germany, Russia, France, and Britain

3. Who do modern historians think was responsible for the war?

A New Kind of Conflict• The Big Idea – Modern weapons resulted in

huge numbers of casualties and helped prevent either side from gaining an advantage

• Vocabulary – Stalemate, no mans land, zeppelin, U-boat

• Focus/Review – Why did a stalemate develop on the Western Front? How did technology make World War I different from earlier wars? How did the war become a global conflict?

• Pg 685

A New Kind of War1. Why did war on the Western Front

turn into a stalemate? 2. Describe three ways new technology

affected the war

Winning the War• The Big Idea – In their efforts to achieve

victory, governments committed all their nations resources to the war effort

• Vocabulary – Total war, propaganda, atrocity, armistice

• Focus/Review – How did World War I become a total war? What effect did the continuing war have on morale? What were the causes and results of American entry into the war?

• Pg 690

Total War1. Identify the following: Woodrow

Wilson, Lusitania, Fourteen Points2. What impact did wartime failures

have on Russia? 3. Why did America enter the war?

What impact did American entry have on the war?

Making the Peace• The Big Idea – As Europe struggled to recover

from the devastation of war, world leaders met in Paris to craft a peace treaty

• Vocabulary – Pandemic, reparations, mandate• Focus/Review – What were the costs of the

war? What issues faced the delegates to the Paris Peace Conference? Why were many people dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles and other peace settlements?

• Pg 694

Dissatisfaction After the War1. Identify the following: David Lloyd

George, Georges Clemenceau, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles

2. Describe conditions in Europe after WWI

3. How was Woodrow Wilson’s goals at the peace talks differ from those of other Allied leaders?

Chapter 28Revolution in Russia

1917-1939Chapter Overview

1. Two Revolutions in Russia2. From Lenin to Stalin

3. Life in a Totalitarian State

Two Revolutions in Russia• The Big Idea – After two revolutions and a

civil war, Lenin and the Communist party were the new rulers of Russia

• Vocabulary – Proletariat, commissar • Focus/Review – Why did revolution occur in

Russia in March 1917? Why did Lenin and the Bolsheviks launch the November revolution? How did the Communists defeat their opponents in Russia’s civil war?

• Pg 702

Lenin and the Bolsheviks1. Identify the following: Nicholas and

Alexandra, Gregory Rasputin, Bolsheviks, Leon Trotsky, Red Army

2. What were the causes of the March Revolution?

3. How did Lenin adapt Marxism to conditions in Russia?

From Lenin to Stalin• The Big Idea – After Lenin helped the country

recover from civil war, Stalin established a brutal Communist dictatorship in the Soviet Union

• Vocabulary – Command economy, kulak• Focus/Review – How did the Communist state

develop under Lenin? What were the effects of Stalin’s five-year plans? Why did Stalin launch the Great Purge? How did Soviet foreign policy affect relations with the western powers?

• Pg 707

Stalin and Lenin1. How did Lenin make a compromise

between the ideas of capitalism and communism?

2. What were the goals and results of Stalin’s five-year plans?

3. What were the causes and effects of the Great Purge?

4. How did Soviet foreign policy lead to difficult relations with the West?

Life in a Totalitarian State • The Big Idea – Stalin turned the Soviet

Union into a totalitarian state that regulated every aspect of the lives of its citizens

• Vocabulary – Totalitarian state, atheism, socialist realism

• Focus/Review – How did Stalin create a totalitarian state? How did communism change Soviet society? How did state control affect the arts in the Soviet Union?

• Pg 713

Living in a Totalitarian State1. What methods did Stalin use to

create a totalitarian state? 2. Who made up the new elite in Soviet

society? What special privileges did they enjoy?

3. How did the Soviet government make sure that most writers and artists conformed to the style of socialist realism?

Chapter 29Nationalism and Revolution

Around the World1910-1939

Chapter Overview1. Struggle for Change in Latin America

2. Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East3. India Seeks Self-Rule4. Upheavals in China

5. Empire of the Rising Sun

Struggle for Change in Latin America

• The Big Idea – The desire for lands, better wages, and democratic reforms led to the Mexican Revolution

• Vocabulary – Nationalization, economic nationalism, cultural nationalism

• Focus/Review – What were the causes of the Mexican Revolution? What reforms were introduced in Mexico? How did nationalism affect Mexico? What was the Good Neighbor Policy?

• Pg 722

Mexican Revolution1. Describe three causes of the

Mexican Revolution2. Describe how nationalism affected

Mexico3. How did Franklin Roosevelt change

United States policy toward Latin America?

Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East

• The Big Idea – Following World War I, nationalist sentiment contributed to many changes in Africa and the Middle East

• Vocabulary – Apartheid, polygamy• Focus/Review – How did Africans resist

colonial rule? What signs of nationalism developed in Africa? How did turkey and Iran modernize? How did European mandates contribute to the growth of Arab nationalism?

• Pg 726

Africa and the Middle East after WWI

1. How did Africans resist the impact of colonialism?

2. Describe examples of the rise of nationalism in Africa

3. Why were many Arabs angered by decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference after WWI?

India Seeks Self-Rule• The Big Idea – Mohandas Gandhi and the

Congress party led the drive for independence in India

• Vocabulary – Ahimsa, Civil disobedience • Focus/Review – What sparked the Indian

independence movement after WWI? How did Mohandas Gandhi influence the independence movement? What did the Salt March symbolize?

• Pg 731

India and Independence 1. Who was Mohandas Gandhi? 2. How did the Amritsar massacre

affect the movement for Indian independence?

3. Why did Gandhi organize the Salt March?

Upheavals in China• The Big Idea – Civil war and foreign

invasions plagued the new Chinese republic

• Vocabulary – NONE• Focus/Review – What were the key

challenges to the Chinese republic? What leaders emerged in the “new” China? How did invasion by Japan affect China?

• Pg 734

The New China1. Identify the following: Sun Yixian,

May Fourth Movement, Guomindang, Jiang Jieshi, Mao Zedong, Long March

2. Why did the new republic of China fall into chaos after 1912?

3. Why did Jiang side with the Communists after 1931?

Empire of the Rising Sun• The Big Idea – By the 1930, the Japanese

military dominated a government that emphasized service to the nation and a policy of imperialistic expansion

• Vocabulary – Diet, ultranationalist • Focus/Review – How did liberal changes affect

Japan during the 1920s? How did nationalists react to Japan’s problems during the Great Depression? How did the militarists use their power?

• Pg 738

Militarists in China1. What liberal changes occurred in

Japan in the 1920s? 2. How did nationalists deal with the

Great Depression? 3. What goals did Japanese militarists

pursue at home? What goals did they pursue overseas?

Chapter 31World War II and Its

Aftermath1931-1955

Chapter Overview1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War2. The Global Conflict: Axis Advances3. The Global Conflict: Allied Successes

4. Toward Victory5. From World War to Cold War

Aggression, Appeasement, and War

• The Big Idea – During the 1930, dictators undetermined world peace

• Vocabulary – Sanction, appeasement, pacifism

• Focus/Review – How did dictators and the Spanish Civil war challenge world peace? How did continuing German aggression lead Europe toward war? What factors encouraged the coming of war?

• Pg 770

Aggressions Spur War1. How did Japan, Italy, and Germany

test the resolve of Western democracies before 1937?

2. Explain how other countries got involved in the Spanish Civil War

3. What acts of aggression did Germany commit in 1938-39? How did other nations acts of appeasement lead to war?

The Global Conflict: Axis Advances

• The Big Idea – The early years of World war II were marked by Axis victories

• Vocabulary – Blitzkrieg, radar, sonar• Focus/Review – What early gains allowed

the axis powers to control much of Europe? What were the Battle of Britain and operation Barbarossa? How did Japan respond to growing American involvement?

• Pg 775

Axis War1. Identify the following: Dunkirk,

Winston Churchill, Battle of Britain, Operation Barbarossa, Lead-Lease Act, Pearl Harbor

2. How did the Axis powers achieve victories in 1939-40?

3. Why did General Tojo order a surprise attack on the United States?

The Global Conflict: Allied Successes

• The Big Idea – In 1942 and 1943, the tide of war began to turn as Allied forces won key victories

• Vocabulary – Genocide, reparations• Focus/Review – How did Germany and

Japan treat people in occupied lands? How did the Allies turn the tide of war? How did the Red Army and the Allied invasion of France undo German Plans?

• Pg 781

Allies Turn the Tide of War1. Identify the following: Holocaust,

Battle of Stalingrad, D-Day2. How did Hitler try to achieve a “new

order” in Germany? How did the Japanese treat people they conquered?

3. How did the Allies turn the tide of war?

Toward Victory• The Big Idea – Continued Allied

successes led to victory over Germany and Japan in 1945

• Vocabulary – Island-hopping, kamikaze• Focus/Review –How was the Pacific war

fought? How did the Allies defeat Nazi Germany? What debates surrounded the defeat of Japan?

• Pg 787

Nazi’s Defeated & War in the Pacific

1. Identify the following: Battle of the Coral Sea, Battle of the Bulge, V-E Day, Harry Truman

2. How did the United States fight the war in the Pacific?

3. How did the Allies defeat Germany? 4. How was Japan defeated?

From World War to Cold War• The Big Idea – As the war ended, new

tensions developed between the United States and the soviet Union

• Vocabulary – Containment, satellite• Focus/Review – What issues arose in the

aftermath of war? Why did the Allies organize the United Nations? How did the breakup of the wartime alliance lead to new conflicts?

• Pg 791

Aftermath of War1. What are the UN and NATO? 2. How did the Allies try to hold the

Axis leaders responsible for the war? 3. List two causes of the Cold War