Unit 5 Westward Expansion Review

1. What were 3 of the biggest obstacles to pioneers heading west?

1. What were 3 of the biggest obstacles to pioneers heading west?

1. Mountains 2. Rivers 3. Deserts

2. Because St. Louis was one of the starting points for heading west, what was it called during this time?

2. Because St. Louis was one of the starting points for heading west, what was it called during this time?

The Gateway to the West

3. Explain how transportation changed from when settlers first began heading west to when the transcontinental railroad was built.

3. Explain how transportation changed from when settlers first began heading west to when the transcontinental railroad was built.

The pioneers first traveled by stagecoach and wagon. It was dangerous, took a long time, and was expensive. The train made travel quicker, safer, and less expensive.

4. What was the Great Plains first referred to (called)? How did this name change with the introduction of farming technologies in this area of the U.S.?

4. What was the Great Plains first referred to (called)? How did this name change with the introduction of farming technologies in this area of the U.S.?

The Great American Desert. The Breadbasket is what it was called

once the steel plow and mechanical reaper were used to cut through the grass and they revealed rich farmland.

5. What were some of the mountain ranges and rivers that had to be crossed?

5. What were some of the mountain ranges and rivers that had to be crossed?

1. Rocky Mountains 2. Colorado River 3. Columbia River 4. Mississippi River 5. Snake River

6. Summarize how the climate of the west challenged pioneers and settlers traveling during this time.

6. Summarize how the climate of the west challenged pioneers and settlers traveling during this time.

Winter- snow storms, cold, blizzards, frozen water, lack of food, cold

Spring- floods, tornadoes, lightning, storms

Summer- swarms of insects, dust storms, hot, fires

Fall- fires, insects, drought

7. Explain what the Homestead Act was.

7. Explain what the Homestead Act was.

They had to live on the land for 5 years. It cost $10.00 and gave people the rights to land. Approximately 160 acres.

8. Practice labeling the mountains and rivers**Refer back to your map notes for help- a blank map like this will be on the test**

8. Practice labeling the mountains and riversRocky MountainsColumbia RiverColorado RiverSnake RiverMississippi River

9. How did the building of the transcontinental railroad affect the bison herds?

9. How did the building of the transcontinental railroad affect the bison herds?

The population decreased greatly. The buffalo were killed by pioneers moving west and by riflemen on the trains hired by the railroad. The buffalo were the main source of food for the Native Americans and this impacted their lives greatly.

10. Summarize how the railroad impacted the development of towns and trade in the west.

10. Summarize how the railroad impacted the development of towns and trade in the west.

The railroad brought people to the west and they built towns and cities. The trains helped trade by transporting goods faster and cheaper.

11. Did the transcontinental railroad impact the environment? If so, how?

11. Did the transcontinental railroad impact the environment? If so, how?

The railroad DID impact the environment by changing the landscape. It also polluted the air and water due to the smoke. It increased coal production and caused more mining.

12. The discovery of _____________ and ___________ brought men westward seeking their fortunes.

12. The discovery of SILVER and GOLD brought men westward seeking their fortunes.

13. _____________ grew quickly to serve the needs of the miners and just as quickly turned into __________ once the ore vein had been depleted.

13. BOOMTOWNS grew quickly to serve the needs of the miners and just as quickly turned into GHOST TOWNS once the ore vein had been depleted.

14. Explain what the relationship was between the ranchers and cowboys.

14. Explain what the relationship was between the ranchers and cowboys.

The cowboys worked for the ranchers to take their cattle to the market.

15. Why did farmers and cowboys come into conflict?

15. Why did farmers and cowboys come into conflict?

Cowboys and farmers did not get along because the cowboys wanted to cross the farmlands with all their cattle and it would ruin the farmers crops.

16. What 4 main ethnic groups were discriminated against?

16. What 4 main ethnic groups were discriminated against?

Asian Immigrants European Immigrants Native Americans Mexican Americans

**Mainly most Asian Immigrants who were nicknamed Coolies*

17. African Americans who moved west were known as _____________________

17. African Americans who moved west were known as EXODUSTERS.

18. What was the 1st reason Asian immigrants came to America? Later, and in larger numbers, they came to help build what?

18. What was the 1st reason Asian immigrants came to America? Later, and in larger numbers, they came to help build what?

They 1st came in search of gold and silver and then later worked on the building the Transcontinental Railroad.

19. What are the TWO main ethnic groups that helped build the transcontinental railroad? Which group built from east to west and which built from west to east?

19. What are the TWO main ethnic groups that helped build the transcontinental railroad? Which group built from east to west and which built from west to east?

Irish Immigrants built from east to west Chinese Immigrants built from west to

east.

20. Summarize what happened to the treaty between the Lakota Sioux tribe and the government concerning the reservation and Black Hills?

20. Summarize what happened to the treaty between the Lakota Sioux tribe and the government concerning the reservation and Black Hills?

When gold was found in the black hill reservation they were forced off their land.

21. What was the Battle of Little Big Horn also called?

21. What was the Battle of Little Big Horn also called?

Custer’s Last Stand.

22. How did the outcome of this battle impact the Native Americans?

22. How did the outcome of this battle impact the Native Americans?

It created public support for the U.S. army to crush the Native American resistance in this area.

23. What happened with Nez Perce (Chief Joseph) was surrounded by the US army and promised if they surrendered they’d be able to return to their tribal lands in Oregon?

SS textbook pg. 157

23. What happened with Nez Perce (Chief Joseph) was surrounded by the US army and promised if they surrendered they’d be able to return to their tribal lands in Oregon?

They tried to flea to Canada but they were surrounded and sent to a reservation in Oklahoma.

24. How did the Native American view of land ownership differ from that of the whites’ view?

24. How did the Native American view of land ownership differ from that of the whites’ view?

The Native Americans believed the land belonged to the GROUP, and not individual people like the whites believed.

25. Where were some of the Native American children taken and what happened once they were there?

25. Where were some of the Native American children taken and what happened once they were there?

Native American children were taken to boarding schools like the Carlisle School in Pennsylvania and they were forced to change their culture. For example, they were forced to farm and wear white people clothes.