Georgia StudiesGeorgia Studies

►Unit 3-Statehood, Unit 3-Statehood, Revolution, and Westward Revolution, and Westward ExpansionExpansion

►Lesson 1-Cause of the Lesson 1-Cause of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Lesson 1-Causes of the Lesson 1-Causes of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

►Essential QuestionEssential Question

-How did the causes of the -How did the causes of the American Revolution impact American Revolution impact Georgia?Georgia?

-Why was trade so important -Why was trade so important to the colonies during the to the colonies during the American Revolution?American Revolution?

North America, 1754North America, 1754

►Spain claimed Florida and MexicoSpain claimed Florida and Mexico►France claimed land from Louisiana France claimed land from Louisiana

to the Great Lakes, and parts of to the Great Lakes, and parts of Canada; New Orleans (south) and Canada; New Orleans (south) and Detroit (north) anchored French Detroit (north) anchored French settlementssettlements

►Great Britain had established the 13 Great Britain had established the 13 colonies along the Atlantic coastcolonies along the Atlantic coast

French and Indian War French and Indian War OriginsOrigins

►France and Great Britain wanted the France and Great Britain wanted the treasures of the American continenttreasures of the American continent

►Both countries feared the other would Both countries feared the other would gain the most powergain the most power

►France had the stronger army with France had the stronger army with more experienced leadership; British more experienced leadership; British had better navyhad better navy

►Both sides had allies with certain Both sides had allies with certain Indian tribesIndian tribes

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar

► Both sides claimed the Ohio River Valley Both sides claimed the Ohio River Valley areaarea

► The French built several forts in the area; The French built several forts in the area; many Indians sided with the Frenchmany Indians sided with the French

► The Virginia governor sent Captain George The Virginia governor sent Captain George Washington with soldiers to Fort Necessity; Washington with soldiers to Fort Necessity; a battle erupteda battle erupted

► The war soon spread to Europe; by 1758, The war soon spread to Europe; by 1758, the British controlled the Ohio Valleythe British controlled the Ohio Valley

► The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war; The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war; the British were victorious.the British were victorious.

Georgia and the War’s Georgia and the War’s AftermathAftermath

► Treaty of Paris set Georgia’s western Treaty of Paris set Georgia’s western boundary at the Mississippi Riverboundary at the Mississippi River

► Proclamation of 1763 (King George III): Proclamation of 1763 (King George III): Georgia’s southern boundary set at St. Mary’s Georgia’s southern boundary set at St. Mary’s River; Georgia colonists could not settle west River; Georgia colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains as the land was of the Appalachian Mountains as the land was reserved for Native Americans.reserved for Native Americans.

► Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land claims north of Augusta and the costal regionclaims north of Augusta and the costal region

Unhappy with British ActsUnhappy with British Acts

►Great Britain needed money; much Great Britain needed money; much debt and security expenses resulted debt and security expenses resulted from the French and Indian Warfrom the French and Indian War

►Sugar Act: tax on sugar and molasses Sugar Act: tax on sugar and molasses imported from the West Indiesimported from the West Indies

►Stamp Act: tax on newspapers, legal Stamp Act: tax on newspapers, legal documents, and licensesdocuments, and licenses

►Georgians disapproved of these actsGeorgians disapproved of these acts

The Liberty BoysThe Liberty Boys

► Part of larger group, the “Part of larger group, the “Sons of LibertySons of Liberty””► Georgians who came together to oppose Georgians who came together to oppose

the Stamp Actthe Stamp Act► Some called them “Liberty Brawlers”Some called them “Liberty Brawlers”► Met in taverns, such as Savannah’s Met in taverns, such as Savannah’s

Tondee’s TavernTondee’s Tavern► Georgia only colony to actually sell the Georgia only colony to actually sell the

stampsstamps► Stamp ActStamp Act was eventually repealed was eventually repealed

Protests IncreaseProtests Increase

► Georgia protested the British taxation (acts) to Georgia protested the British taxation (acts) to a small extent. The other 12 colonies were a small extent. The other 12 colonies were more directly effected by many of these acts more directly effected by many of these acts and reacted (protested) more strongly.and reacted (protested) more strongly.

► Noble Wimberly Jones, speaker of Georgia Noble Wimberly Jones, speaker of Georgia colonial assembly, led Townshend Act protestscolonial assembly, led Townshend Act protests

► Townshend Acts: placed import taxes on tea, Townshend Acts: placed import taxes on tea, paper, glass, and coloring for paintspaper, glass, and coloring for paints

► Governor Wright disbanded the assembly to Governor Wright disbanded the assembly to try to end the proteststry to end the protests

Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

►Boston Tea Party-Boston Tea Party-Protest against the Protest against the Tea Act in Boston, Massachusetts on Tea Act in Boston, Massachusetts on December 16, 1773. Members of the December 16, 1773. Members of the Sons of Liberty, dressed as Native Sons of Liberty, dressed as Native Americans, dumped 90,000 lbs. of tea Americans, dumped 90,000 lbs. of tea into Boston Harbor.into Boston Harbor.

►Great Britain punished the Great Britain punished the Massachusetts colony by creating the Massachusetts colony by creating the Coercive ActsCoercive Acts

Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

► The The Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts had four major effects: had four major effects:

1. Closed Boston Harbor1. Closed Boston Harbor

2. Cancelled the Massachusetts Royal Charter2. Cancelled the Massachusetts Royal Charter

3. British officials accused of crimes in 3. British officials accused of crimes in Massachusetts were tried in Great Britain.Massachusetts were tried in Great Britain.

4. 4. Quartering Act-Quartering Act-Citizens of Massachusetts Citizens of Massachusetts were forced to house and feed British troops were forced to house and feed British troops at their own experience. at their own experience.

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

► Thomas Paine’s “Thomas Paine’s “Common SenseCommon Sense” ” pamphlet encourage colonies to break from pamphlet encourage colonies to break from Great Britain; sold more than 500,000 Great Britain; sold more than 500,000 copiescopies

► Other pamphlets, including “The Crisis” Other pamphlets, including “The Crisis” influenced opinioninfluenced opinion

► August 2, 1776August 2, 1776:Button Gwinnett, Lyman :Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George WaltonHall, and George Walton (representatives (representatives from from GeorgiaGeorgia) ) sign the Declaration of sign the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

► The Declaration meant the colonists were The Declaration meant the colonists were one nation; Georgians prepared for warone nation; Georgians prepared for war

Georgia StudiesGeorgia Studies

►Unit 3: Revolution in Unit 3: Revolution in GeorgiaGeorgia

►Lesson 2: The Lesson 2: The Revolutionary War PeriodRevolutionary War Period

Lesson 2-The Revolutionary Lesson 2-The Revolutionary War PeriodWar Period

►Essential QuestionEssential Question

- - What role did Georgia and What role did Georgia and its citizens play in the its citizens play in the American Revolution?American Revolution?

First Continental First Continental CongressCongress

► Many of the British colonies in North America had Many of the British colonies in North America had began to protest taxation as long as they were not began to protest taxation as long as they were not represented in British Parliament.represented in British Parliament.

► 12 of the 13 colonies sent representatives to the 12 of the 13 colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress; Georgia was not First Continental Congress; Georgia was not represented.represented.

► Urged colonies to establish “Committees of Safety”Urged colonies to establish “Committees of Safety”► Agreed to stop all trade with BritainAgreed to stop all trade with Britain► Carried on its work in secretCarried on its work in secret► ““Provincial Congress” held in Savannah in January Provincial Congress” held in Savannah in January

1775; less than one-half of Georgia’s parishes were 1775; less than one-half of Georgia’s parishes were representedrepresented

Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress

► Met in Philadelphia after Lexington and Met in Philadelphia after Lexington and Concord battles in Massachusetts.Concord battles in Massachusetts.

► Drafted petition for King George III, asking for Drafted petition for King George III, asking for end of unfriendly steps against the coloniesend of unfriendly steps against the colonies

► George III refused to accept the petitionGeorge III refused to accept the petition► Authorized Continental ArmyAuthorized Continental Army► Georgia’s Lyman Hall arrived in May 1775Georgia’s Lyman Hall arrived in May 1775► August 2, 1776: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, August 2, 1776: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall,

and George Walton sign the Declaration of and George Walton sign the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Georgia’s Second Provincial Georgia’s Second Provincial CongressCongress

► Held at Tondee’s Tavern in Savannah in July Held at Tondee’s Tavern in Savannah in July 17751775

► Archibald Bulloch, John Houstoun, Noble Archibald Bulloch, John Houstoun, Noble Wimberly Jones, and Reverend John Zubly Wimberly Jones, and Reverend John Zubly chosen to represent Georgia in Philadelphiachosen to represent Georgia in Philadelphia

► Delegates given no specific instructions; told Delegates given no specific instructions; told to make best decisions for Georgiansto make best decisions for Georgians

► Governor Wright fled colony in early 1776; Governor Wright fled colony in early 1776; Council of Safety established “Rules and Council of Safety established “Rules and Regulations” to govern GeorgiaRegulations” to govern Georgia

Revolutionary War Fighting Revolutionary War Fighting in Georgiain Georgia

► Georgia was divided between patriots and Georgia was divided between patriots and loyalists.loyalists.

► Savannah captured and looted by British troops in Savannah captured and looted by British troops in December 1778; lootings, murders, and burnings December 1778; lootings, murders, and burnings occurredoccurred

► Sunbury port captured in early 1779; Augusta Sunbury port captured in early 1779; Augusta was also attackedwas also attacked

► Georgia militia not effective against well-trained Georgia militia not effective against well-trained British troops. French military leaders and British troops. French military leaders and reinforcements were brought in to train and assist reinforcements were brought in to train and assist the Continental Army.the Continental Army.

► Governor Wright eventually returned from Great Governor Wright eventually returned from Great Britain to govern Georgia. Continued to govern Britain to govern Georgia. Continued to govern from Savannah until 1783.from Savannah until 1783.

Battle of Kettle Creek Battle of Kettle Creek (1779)(1779)

►Colonel Colonel Elijah ClarkeElijah Clarke led Georgia led Georgia militia, defeated 800 British troops militia, defeated 800 British troops near Washington, Georgianear Washington, Georgia

►Great victory for morale of the militia Great victory for morale of the militia and Georgians seeking independenceand Georgians seeking independence

►Won badly-needed weapons and Won badly-needed weapons and horses from the Britishhorses from the British

Siege of Savannah (1779)Siege of Savannah (1779)

► 15,000 Americans and 4,000 French laid 15,000 Americans and 4,000 French laid siege to Savannahsiege to Savannah

► Attack on October 9 resulted in 1,000 Attack on October 9 resulted in 1,000 American and French deaths in less than an American and French deaths in less than an hour; only 40 British troops diedhour; only 40 British troops died

► Polish Polish Count Casimir PulaskiCount Casimir Pulaski killed killed► Savannah remained under British control, Savannah remained under British control,

and the leadership of and the leadership of James WrightJames Wright, for , for nearly four more yearsnearly four more years

► Guerrilla warfare continued in the Georgia Guerrilla warfare continued in the Georgia backcountrybackcountry

Georgia Wartime HeroesGeorgia Wartime Heroes

►Nancy HartNancy Hart single-handedly captured single-handedly captured a group of British loyalists who a group of British loyalists who bragged of murdering an American bragged of murdering an American colonel; Hart County is the only county colonel; Hart County is the only county named for a womannamed for a woman

►Austin Dabney fought with distinction Austin Dabney fought with distinction and was wounded at Kettle Creek; he and was wounded at Kettle Creek; he also saved Elijah Clarke’s life during also saved Elijah Clarke’s life during that battle.that battle.

The War EndsThe War Ends

► Elijah ClarkeElijah Clarke, the Georgia Militia, and the , the Georgia Militia, and the Continental Army regain Augusta from Continental Army regain Augusta from British in June 1781; 11 battles or skirmishes British in June 1781; 11 battles or skirmishes fought in Georgia during the warfought in Georgia during the war

► George Washington, with French help, force George Washington, with French help, force British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia in British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia in October 1781October 1781

► British leave Savannah in the spring of 1782British leave Savannah in the spring of 1782► Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (September 1783) ends (September 1783) ends

war; treaty is signed by United States, Great war; treaty is signed by United States, Great Britain, and FranceBritain, and France